Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

ABSTRACTIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

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Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-647-o12.1/r7.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 647 ◽

Author(s):

A. Meldrum ◽

L. A. Boatner ◽

C. W. White ◽

R. F. Haglund

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Surface Region ◽

Nanocomposite Materials ◽

Future Research ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Research Directions ◽

Near Surface ◽

Nanophase Materials ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Many

AbstractIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

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Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7016

Author(s):

Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽

Cezary Specht ◽

Mariusz Specht ◽

Artur Makar

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Convex Surface ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Future Research ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Thematic Maps ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

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Computational Models

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.026 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurent Itti ◽

Ali Borji

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Computational Models ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Future Research ◽

Top Down ◽

Research Directions ◽

Computational Approaches ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Many

This chapter reviews recent progress in computational modelling of visual attention. The authors start with early concepts and models, which have emphasized stimulus-driven guidance of attention towards salient objects in the visual world. They then present a taxonomy of the many different approaches which have emerged in recent research efforts. They then turn to the more complex problem of modelling top-down, task- and goal-driven influences on attention. While early top-down models have been more qualitative in nature, the authors describe several recent fully computational approaches that address top-down biasing in space, over features, and towards objects. This chapter finally provides an outlook and describes promising future research directions.

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Contingent Socialization and the Process of Engagement

10.31235/osf.io/gs6c3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jaymes Pyne

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Social Theory ◽

Social Life ◽

Future Research ◽

Downward Mobility ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Many ◽

Intergenerational Transmissions ◽

Social Backgrounds

Individuals can experience substantial upward and downward mobility despite persistent and widespread intergenerational transmissions. I lay the theoretical groundwork for the hypothesis of contingent socialization to help explain these empirical phenomena. In this framing, institutions of secondary socialization do not seek to socialize all candidates, nor do they seek to simply socialize viable candidates from various social backgrounds differently. Rather, powerful actors in these institutions determine the worthiness of candidates by evaluating whether those candidates engage in the work and social life of the institution. Those evaluations are shaped by race and social class distinctions, and perceptions of engagement are important for the candidate’s future successes. I present preliminary descriptive evidence in favor of this hypothesis and detail the many diverse future research directions necessary for confirming or disconfirming its viability as a useful social theory that can help address a range of empirical questions.

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The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100118333 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

John D. Rubio

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundary ◽

Ion Implantation ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Surface Region ◽

Selective Dissolution ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Near Surface ◽

Inconel 600 ◽

Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

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