The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Surface Cracking Behavior of Superheavy Forgings during Hot Forging

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Xue ◽  
Deli Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cracking Behavior

In recent years, superheavy forgings that are manufactured from 600 t grade ingots have been applied in the latest generation of nuclear power plants to provide good safety. However, component production is pushing the limits of the current free-forging industry. Large initial grain sizes and a low strain rate are the main factors that contribute to the deformation of superheavy forgings during forging. In this study, 18Mn18Cr0.6N steel with a coarse grain structure was selected as a model material. Hot compression and hot tension tests were conducted at a strain rate of 10−4·s−1. The essential nucleation mechanism of the dynamic recrystallization involved low-angle grain boundary formation and subgrain rotation, which was independent of the original high-angle grain boundary bulging and the presence of twins. Twins were formed during the growth of dynamic recrystallization grains. The grain refinement was not obvious at 1150°C. A lowering of the deformation temperature to 1050°C resulted in a fine grain structure; however, the stress increased significantly. Crack-propagation paths included high-angle grain boundaries, twin boundaries, and the insides of grains, in that order. For superheavy forging, the ingot should have a larger height and a smaller diameter.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinchun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Implanted

In this study, Ti + N ion implantation was used as a surface modification method for surface hardening and friction-reducing properties of Cronidur30 bearing steel. The structural modification and newly-formed ceramic phases induced by the ion implantation processes were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by nanoindentation and friction experiments. The surface nanohardness was also improved significantly, changing from ~10.5 GPa (pristine substrate) to ~14.2 GPa (Ti + N implanted sample). The friction coefficient of Ti + N ion implanted samples was greatly reduced before failure, which is less than one third of pristine samples. Furthermore, the TEM analyses confirmed a trilamellar structure at the near-surface region, in which amorphous/ceramic nanocrystalline phases were embedded into the implanted layers. The combined structural modification and hardening ceramic phases played a crucial role in improving surface properties, and the variations in these two factors determined the differences in the mechanical properties of the samples.

Wear Characteristics of INCONEL 690 and INCONEL 600 in Elevated Temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Young Ze Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Wear Life ◽  
Inconel 690 ◽  
C 50

In this paper, the fretting wear characteristics of INCONEL 690 (I-690) and INCONEL 600 (I-600) was evaluated to verify the wear mechanism and the wear life. Because of the excellent corrosion-resistance of nickel-based alloy, those materials are used for steam generator tube in nuclear power plants. Sometimes the tubes are damaged due to small amplitude vibration, so called fretting wear. To verify the fretting wear mechanisms the wear experiment was carried with the crossed-cylinder wear tester, which used a cam to oscillate the specimen. The test was carried out at loads of 40N and 90N in elevated temperatures of water. The temperatures of water were 20°C, 50°C and 80°C. The increase of water temperature causes the oxidation of the contact area to be delayed, and the amount of wear on oxide layer to be reduced. The main wear mechanisms of fretting were abrasive wear and oxidation wear.

Modification of The Near-Surface Region Of Al2O3 By Ion Implantation

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. White ◽  
G. C. Farlow ◽  
H. Naramoto ◽  
C. J. Mchargue ◽  
B. R. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Structural Property ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Impurity Incorporation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Implantation Damage ◽  
Property Changes

ABSTRACTPhysical and structural property changes resulting from ion implantation and thermal annealing of α-A12O3 are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on damage production during implantation, damage recovery during thermal annealing, and impurity incorporation during thermal annealing. Physical and structural property changes caused by ion implantation and annealing are correlated with changes in the mechanical properties.

Effects of Silicon Ion Implantation upon Thin Gate Oxide Integrity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. -S. Lee ◽  
J. -G. Park ◽  
S. -P. Choi ◽  
C. -H. Shin ◽  
Y. -B. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Thin Gate Oxide ◽  
Si Ion Implantation ◽  
Gate Oxide Integrity

ABSTRACTIn this study, using oxide breakdown voltage and time-dependent-dielectric breakdown measurements, thermal wave modulated reflectance and chemical etching/optical microscopy, we investigated effects of Si ion implantation upon formation of D-defects and thin gate oxide integrity. Our data show that addition of Si ion implantation with a dose of up to 1013 ions/cm2 improves oxide integrity if the implantation is done at a certain step just before sacrificial oxidation in the Mb DRAM process. However, no improvement in oxide integrity is observed when the same implantation is done on the virgin wafer surfaces at the start of the same Mb DRAM process. We discuss our hypothesis that the improvement in oxide integrity is due to a reduction in the D-defect density in the near-surface region of the wafer.

scholarly journals Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

2000 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meldrum ◽  
L. A. Boatner ◽  
C. W. White ◽  
R. F. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

Development of a Specific Methodology to Assess Suitable Sites to Receive a Repository for L/ILW Waste in the Portuguese Territory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Paiva ◽  
Romão B. Trindade ◽  
Mário A. Gonçalves ◽  
António Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Meteorological Features ◽  
To Receive

Portugal does not have nuclear power plants but records an increasing production of radioactive waste from medical, industrial and research applications of radioactive materials in the form of sealed and unsealed sources; the country totals include also the spent fuel of one nuclear reactor for research purposes. Since radioactive waste management policies and practices in Portugal will have to comply with the Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom and the IAEA Joint Convention, the search for scientific and technological solutions to deal with radioactive wastes produced in the country started some years ago. The research carried out recently under the scope of a national funded project (KADRWaste, PTDC/CTE-GEX/82678/2006) represents a firm step in this commitment. Indeed, the transfer of methodologies tested and validated in this project allowed for improvement to a procedure to assess suitable sites to receive a near-surface repository for “Low and Intermediate Level Waste, Short Live and Long Live” (LILW-SL, LL) wastes in Portugal mainland. Although the main stages of the procedure can be of universal usage, details were designed according to the intrinsic geological, geomorphic and meteorological features of previously selected target-areas. All the requirements exhaustively listed in many reports of the IAEA were fulfilled and, in addition, the application of mineralogical, geochemical and textural criteria is strongly advised. The proposed procedure is based on a 5 key-steps approach preceded by clarification of the boundary conditions to be imposed, which are crucial to the inventory of various compulsory technical requirements. This analysis requires the adoption of stringent criteria, many of them of multi-disciplinary nature, including tests of vulnerability and assessment of uncertainty, besides the environmental impact risk. As a result, priority targets that are not excluded will integrate different classes and, depending on the existing knowledge, it will be possible to select locations suitable for the repository installation, taking into account also the political, social and administrative dimensions behind this decision.

scholarly journals Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

2000 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meldrum ◽  
L. A. Boatner ◽  
C. W. White ◽  
R. F. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

AbstractIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

Corrosion Behavior of Si3N4 Ceramics under High-Temperature and High-Pressure Water Condition

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weon Ju Kim ◽  
Seok Min Kang ◽  
Ji Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics have been considered for various components of nuclear power plants such as mechanical seal of reactor coolant pump (RCP), guide roller for control rod drive mechanism (CRDM), and seal support, etc. Corrosion behavior of Si3N4 ceramics in high-temperature and high-pressure water must be elucidated before they can be considered for components of nuclear power plants. In this study, the corrosion behaviors of Si3N4 ceramics at hydrothermal condition (300°C, 9.0 MPa) were investigated in pure water. The grain-boundary phase was preferentially corroded and the corrosion reaction was controlled by the diffusion of the reactive species and/or products through the corroded layer. Results of this study imply that the variation of sintering aids and/or the control (e.g., crystallization) of the grain-boundary phase are necessary to increase the corrosion resistance of Si3N4 ceramics in high-temperature water.

scholarly journals EXCEPTIONAL GROUND MOTION DURING THE SHALLOW Mw 4.9 2019 LE TEIL EARTHQUAKE, FRANCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Causse ◽  
Cécile Cornou ◽  
Emeline Maufroy ◽  
jean-robert grasso ◽  
Laurent Baillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Numerical Predictions

On November 11, 2019, an unusually damaging Mw4.9 earthquake occurred in the south east of France within the lower Rhône river valley, an industrial region hosting several operating nuclear power plants. This event is exceptional considering its very shallow depth (<1 km). Based on farfield seismological observations, we demonstrate that the rupture properties are consistent with the ones commonly observed for large deeper earthquakes, implying that the near-surface faulting generated strong high-frequency seismic waves. In the absence of strong motion sensors in the fault vicinity, we perform numerical predictions of the ground acceleration on a virtual array of near-fault stations, that matches with the locations of independent quantitative estimations from in-situ observations of displaced objects (natural and anthropic). Both numerical and in-situ analyses converge toward an exceptional level of ground acceleration in the fault vicinity, exceeding gravity, and at the origin of the damage. This dramatically changes the perception of the impacts of superficial moderate earthquakes on seismic hazard assessment.

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