scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Artur Makar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

scholarly journals Children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and neighbourhood safety: a systematic review in measurement methods and future research directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roula Zougheibe ◽  
Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia ◽  
Ashraf Dewan ◽  
Ori Gudes ◽  
Richard Norman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Future Research Directions

Abstract Background Numerous studies have examined the association between safety and primary school-aged children’s forms of active mobility. However, variations in studies’ measurement methods and the elements addressed have contributed to inconsistencies in research outcomes, which may be forming a barrier to advancing researchers’ knowledge about this field. To assess where current research stands, we have synthesised the methodological measures in studies that examined the effects of neighbourhood safety exposure (perceived and measured) on children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and used this analysis to propose future research directions. Method A systematic search of the literature in six electronic databases was conducted using pre-defined eligibility criteria and was concluded in July 2020. Two reviewers screened the literature abstracts to determine the studies’ inclusion, and two reviewers independently conducted a methodological quality assessment to rate the included studies. Results Twenty-five peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Active mobility behaviour and health characteristics were measured objectively in 12 out of the 25 studies and were reported in another 13 studies. Twenty-one studies overlooked spatiotemporal dimensions in their analyses and outputs. Delineations of children’s neighbourhoods varied within 10 studies’ objective measures, and the 15 studies that opted for subjective measures. Safety perceptions obtained in 22 studies were mostly static and primarily collected via parents, and dissimilarities in actual safety measurement methods were present in 6 studies. The identified schematic constraints in studies’ measurement methods assisted in outlining a three-dimensional relationship between ‘what’ (determinants), ‘where’ (spatial) and ‘when’ (time) within a methodological conceptual framework. Conclusions The absence of standardised measurement methods among relevant studies may have led to the current diversity in findings regarding active mobility, spatial (locality) and temporal (time) characteristics, the neighbourhood, and the representation of safety. Ignorance of the existing gaps and heterogeneity in measures may impact the reliability of evidence and poses a limitation when synthesising findings, which could result in serious biases for policymakers. Given the increasing interest in children’s health studies, we suggested alternatives in the design and method of measures that may guide future evidence-based research for policymakers who aim to improve children’s active mobility and safety.

Electrochemical polymerization for two-dimensional conjugated polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 10672-10686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Huanli Dong ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Recent Research Progress

This article places special focus on the recent research progress of the EP method in synthesizing CPs. In particular, their potential applications as 2D CPs are summarized, with a basic introduction of the EP method, its use in synthesizing CPs as well as the promising applications of the obtained CPs in different fields. Discussions of current challenges in this field and future research directions are also given.

scholarly journals The Algorithm for Determining the Coordinates of a Point in Three-Dimensional Space by Using the Auxiliary Point

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Oszczak ◽  
Eliza Sitnik
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Approximate Location ◽  
The Many ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

ABSTRACT During the process of satellite navigation, and also in the many tasks of classical positioning, we need to calculate the corrections to the initial (or approximate) location of the point using precise measurement of distances to the permanent points of reference (reference points). In this paper the authors have provided a way of developing Hausbrandt's equations, on the basis of which the exact coordinates of the point in two-dimensional space can be determined by using the computed correction to the coordinates of the auxiliary point. The authors developed generalised equations for threedimensional space introducing additional fixed point and have presented proof of derived formulas.

scholarly journals Map-like representations of an abstract conceptual space in the human brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Bokeria ◽  
Richard Henson ◽  
Robert M Mok
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Semantic Spaces

Much of higher cognition involves abstracting away from sensory details and thinking conceptually. How do our brains learn and represent such abstract concepts? Recent work has proposed that neural representations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which are involved in spatial navigation, might also support learning of higher-level knowledge structures. These ideas are supported by findings that neural representations in MTL, as well as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are involved in “navigation” of simple two-dimensional spaces of visual stimuli, social spaces and odor spaces. A recent study in the Journal of Neuroscience by Viganò & Piazza (2020) takes this research further by suggesting that entorhinal cortex (EHC) and mPFC are capable of mapping not only sensory spaces, but also abstract semantic spaces. In this opinion piece, we first describe the paradigm and results of the study, as well as the importance of the findings for the field. We then raise several methodological concerns and suggest changes to the paradigm to address these issues. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions including experimental and modelling approaches to tackle outstanding questions in the field.

scholarly journals Graphene-based membranes: status and prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2060) ◽  
pp. 20150024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Wook Yoon ◽  
Young Hoon Cho ◽  
Ho Bum Park
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Graphene Membranes

Recently, graphene-based membranes have been extensively studied, represented by two distinct research directions: (i) creating pores in graphene basal plane and (ii) engineering nanochannels in graphene layers. Most simulation results predict that porous graphene membranes can be much more selective and permeable than current existing membranes, also evidenced by some experimental results for gas separation and desalination. In addition, graphene oxide has been widely investigated in layered membranes with two-dimensional nanochannels, showing very intriguing separation properties. This review will cover state-of-the-art of graphene-based membranes, and also provide a material guideline on future research directions suitable for practical membrane applications.

scholarly journals Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

2000 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meldrum ◽  
L. A. Boatner ◽  
C. W. White ◽  
R. F. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

2000 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meldrum ◽  
L. A. Boatner ◽  
C. W. White ◽  
R. F. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

AbstractIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Sketch-based interaction and modeling: where do we stand?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-388
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bonnici ◽  
Alican Akman ◽  
Gabriel Calleja ◽  
Kenneth P. Camilleri ◽  
Patrick Fehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Algorithmic Support ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractSketching is a natural and intuitive communication tool used for expressing concepts or ideas which are difficult to communicate through text or speech alone. Sketching is therefore used for a variety of purposes, from the expression of ideas on two-dimensional (2D) physical media, to object creation, manipulation, or deformation in three-dimensional (3D) immersive environments. This variety in sketching activities brings about a range of technologies which, while having similar scope, namely that of recording and interpreting the sketch gesture to effect some interaction, adopt different interpretation approaches according to the environment in which the sketch is drawn. In fields such as product design, sketches are drawn at various stages of the design process, and therefore, designers would benefit from sketch interpretation technologies which support these differing interactions. However, research typically focuses on one aspect of sketch interpretation and modeling such that literature on available technologies is fragmented and dispersed. In this paper, we bring together the relevant literature describing technologies which can support the product design industry, namely technologies which support the interpretation of sketches drawn on 2D media, sketch-based search interactions, as well as sketch gestures drawn in 3D media. This paper, therefore, gives a holistic view of the algorithmic support that can be provided in the design process. In so doing, we highlight the research gaps and future research directions required to provide full sketch-based interaction support.

Computational Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Itti ◽  
Ali Borji
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews recent progress in computational modelling of visual attention. The authors start with early concepts and models, which have emphasized stimulus-driven guidance of attention towards salient objects in the visual world. They then present a taxonomy of the many different approaches which have emerged in recent research efforts. They then turn to the more complex problem of modelling top-down, task- and goal-driven influences on attention. While early top-down models have been more qualitative in nature, the authors describe several recent fully computational approaches that address top-down biasing in space, over features, and towards objects. This chapter finally provides an outlook and describes promising future research directions.

scholarly journals Contingent Socialization and the Process of Engagement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymes Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Intergenerational Transmissions ◽  
Social Backgrounds

Individuals can experience substantial upward and downward mobility despite persistent and widespread intergenerational transmissions. I lay the theoretical groundwork for the hypothesis of contingent socialization to help explain these empirical phenomena. In this framing, institutions of secondary socialization do not seek to socialize all candidates, nor do they seek to simply socialize viable candidates from various social backgrounds differently. Rather, powerful actors in these institutions determine the worthiness of candidates by evaluating whether those candidates engage in the work and social life of the institution. Those evaluations are shaped by race and social class distinctions, and perceptions of engagement are important for the candidate’s future successes. I present preliminary descriptive evidence in favor of this hypothesis and detail the many diverse future research directions necessary for confirming or disconfirming its viability as a useful social theory that can help address a range of empirical questions.

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