Computational Models

This chapter reviews recent progress in computational modelling of visual attention. The authors start with early concepts and models, which have emphasized stimulus-driven guidance of attention towards salient objects in the visual world. They then present a taxonomy of the many different approaches which have emerged in recent research efforts. They then turn to the more complex problem of modelling top-down, task- and goal-driven influences on attention. While early top-down models have been more qualitative in nature, the authors describe several recent fully computational approaches that address top-down biasing in space, over features, and towards objects. This chapter finally provides an outlook and describes promising future research directions.

Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7016

Author(s):

Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽

Cezary Specht ◽

Mariusz Specht ◽

Artur Makar

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Convex Surface ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Future Research ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Thematic Maps ◽

Research Directions ◽

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

Metal-based electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to formic acid/formate

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta08393c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (42) ◽

pp. 21947-21960 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Ding ◽

Haitao Zhao ◽

Tingshuai Li ◽

Yongsong Luo ◽

Guangyin Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Formic Acid ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

The Future ◽

Future Research Directions

This review summarizes recent progress in the development of metal-based electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to formic acid/formate. The current challenges and the future research directions of metal-based materials are also proposed.

Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-650-r7.1/o12 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 650 ◽

Author(s):

A. Meldrum ◽

L. A. Boatner ◽

C. W. White ◽

R. F. Haglund

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Surface Region ◽

Nanocomposite Materials ◽

Future Research ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Research Directions ◽

Near Surface ◽

Nanophase Materials ◽

ABSTRACTIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

Nanophase Composites Produced by Ion Implantation: Properties, Problems, and Potential

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-647-o12.1/r7.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 647 ◽

Author(s):

A. Meldrum ◽

L. A. Boatner ◽

C. W. White ◽

R. F. Haglund

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Surface Region ◽

Nanocomposite Materials ◽

Future Research ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Research Directions ◽

Near Surface ◽

Nanophase Materials ◽

AbstractIon implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here we review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed.

Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

The HyperTrac Project: Recent Progress and Future Research Directions on Hypergraph Decompositions

10.1007/978-3-030-58942-4_1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-21

Author(s):

Georg Gottlob ◽

Matthias Lanzinger ◽

Davide Mario Longo ◽

Cem Okulmus ◽

Reinhard Pichler

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions

A Survey of Strategies, and Procedures for Detecting Drone Utilizing Sound, Radar, Thermal Infrared Sensor and Video Applications

Journal of Independent Studies and Research - Computing ◽

10.31645/jisrc.21.19.1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Aldawsari ◽

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Review Literature ◽

Future Research ◽

Infrared Sensor ◽

Infrared Sensors ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions

With the exponential rise in the use of drones anywhere anytime, malicious use by outlaws is increasing as well. This calls for protective, detective, preventive measures to counter these attacks. This paper aims to review literature on drone detection and classification that utilizes a myriad of modalities ranging from using thermal infrared sensors to radar detections. In addition, there is a summary of a detailed discussion on drone classification along with recent progress and development in drone detection using machine learning, all of which is performed in an attempt to identify means to thwart such attacks. Furthermore, some future research directions, related to this new field of study, are discussed.

Liquid Resins-Based Additive Manufacturing

Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials ◽

10.1142/s2251237317400044 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 1740004 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Fuke Wang

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Manufacturing Technologies

In this review, additive manufacturing technologies using liquid resins as materials are reviewed from the perspective of printing technologies and materials. Most importantly, recent progress of new printing technologies and printers as well as novel printing materials and their applications are summarized, based on which potential future research directions are discussed at the end of this review.

Current Understanding of the Biomechanics of Ventricular Tissues in Heart Failure

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering7010002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenqiang Liu ◽

Zhijie Wang

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Computational Models ◽

Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

The Common

Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the most common cause of heart failure is ventricular dysfunction. It is well known that the ventricles are anisotropic and viscoelastic tissues and their mechanical properties change in diseased states. The tissue mechanical behavior is an important determinant of the function of ventricles. The aim of this paper is to review the current understanding of the biomechanics of ventricular tissues as well as the clinical significance. We present the common methods of the mechanical measurement of ventricles, the known ventricular mechanical properties including the viscoelasticity of the tissue, the existing computational models, and the clinical relevance of the ventricular mechanical properties. Lastly, we suggest some future research directions to elucidate the roles of the ventricular biomechanics in the ventricular dysfunction to inspire new therapies for heart failure patients.

Contingent Socialization and the Process of Engagement

10.31235/osf.io/gs6c3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jaymes Pyne

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Social Theory ◽

Social Life ◽

Future Research ◽

Downward Mobility ◽

Research Directions ◽

The Many ◽

Intergenerational Transmissions ◽

Social Backgrounds

Individuals can experience substantial upward and downward mobility despite persistent and widespread intergenerational transmissions. I lay the theoretical groundwork for the hypothesis of contingent socialization to help explain these empirical phenomena. In this framing, institutions of secondary socialization do not seek to socialize all candidates, nor do they seek to simply socialize viable candidates from various social backgrounds differently. Rather, powerful actors in these institutions determine the worthiness of candidates by evaluating whether those candidates engage in the work and social life of the institution. Those evaluations are shaped by race and social class distinctions, and perceptions of engagement are important for the candidate’s future successes. I present preliminary descriptive evidence in favor of this hypothesis and detail the many diverse future research directions necessary for confirming or disconfirming its viability as a useful social theory that can help address a range of empirical questions.