الأورومو : أصولهم و أبنيتهم الثقافية و الاجتماعية

الأورومو : أصولهم و أبنيتهم الثقافية و الاجتماعية This paper tackles the Oromo people: their origin, their cultural and social backgrounds and their relations with other communities. They are the biggest tribal group in Africa where their number is nealy half the number of the Ethiopian population.They lives in south esat of Ethiopia and they embrace Islam. The paper aims at the investigation of the Oromo people origin and backgrounds- Specifically whether their origins and backgrounds are factors of weakness or strength

E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India: A Tragedy of Cultural Conflicts and Distorted Interracial Relationships

E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India, hereafter (API), offers us an opportunity to realize the mentality of the white imperialist and the grotesque picture of the colonizer-colonized relationship; this picture implies multiple facets of racial vituperations, brutality, and prejudice perpetrated on Indians in the colonial period. In the novel, Forster explores the colonizers’ racist attitudes, and he brings out the racial and interracial conflicts as well as the cultural and ethnic traumas between the colonizer and the colonized. This study is primarily concerned with exploring the cultural clashes and the problematic, deformed interracial relationships, established between the Indians and the Anglo-Indians in a colonial context. The analytical approach and the Postcolonial Theory will be adopted throughout the paper as a framework. A postcolonial reading of the novel debunks the colonizer’s racist ideology and reveals various motifs of partitions, fences, interracial conflicts and gulfs. The article reveals that the different racial, cultural, and social backgrounds of the English and Indian communities create bitter differences and significant gaps that cannot be bridged. The study concludes that the ramifications of the interracial clashes and racial intolerance have a vehement impact on both the colonized and the colonizer alike; however, mutual and interracial love, respect, and understanding are robust solutions that can relatively open the ideological closure of racism, lessen the racial tensions and thus bring people of different racial backgrounds together.

Biografische Vorbelastungen und verhaltensbasierte Indikatoren der Radikalisierung im Vorfeld islamistischer Gewalt

Using a German sample of convicted perpetrators (N = 76), the authors compare the biographical characteristics and preoffence warning behaviours of non-violent Islamist activists (n = 60) with those of Islamist assassins (n = 16). While the biographical characteristics focus on the socio-structural, familial and social stressors of the convicted in addition to age and education, the exploration of warning behaviour focuses on potentially observable patterns of action associated with radicalisation processes or serious targeted acts of violence. The data basis is formed by indictments and verdicts in corresponding criminal proceedings. A standardised instrument for quantitative file analysis in the context of murder and manslaughter offences was used to identify biographical characteristics and previous social burdens (Göbel et al., 2016). The Screener Islamism (Böckler et al., 2017) was used to examine early behaviour-based radicalisation indicators and the Warning Behaviour Typology (Meloy et al., 2012) was used to identify violence-associated behaviour patterns. While all Islamist offenders committed their crimes in early adulthood and had various social backgrounds in their biographies, Islamist activists and violent offenders differed significantly in the warning behaviour they displayed before committing an offence. In particular, acts of planning and preparation (pathway to violence), new forms of aggression (novel aggression), and patterns of action that indicate that the person feels he or she is at a biographical dead end (last resort) were able to differentiate between attackers and non-attackers. The results are particularly relevant from a preventive perspective, as they can be the basis for improving behaviour-based early detection of violence associated radicalisation processes in social institutions.

Symbolic Power for Beginners: The Very First Social Efforts to Control Others’ Actions and Perceptions

Becoming a social agent requires the ability to gain some power over others’ actions and perceptions. For that purpose, symbolic practices and language matter, especially when physical means of control are unavailable, ineffective, or illegitimate. Based on an in-depth ethnographic study, I analyze such a process of symbolic empowerment from the viewpoint of very young practitioners: children age 2 to 3 years. I explore the symbolic means through which toddlers seek control over adults, from simple signals, naming, and politeness to basic fictionalization. Children’s social backgrounds, not just age and development, inform their tendency to affect adults through words. The content of symbolic practices is determined by preexisting social hierarchies between persons, groups, and institutions. In fact, the crucial challenge for young children is to take advantage of these hierarchies by publicly putting them in line with their own emerging interests.

“La racaille,” a performed figure in French contemporary youth

In France, la racaille is a stereotyped figure of a young (usually identified as Arab or Black) man who lives in a suburban cité (social housing estate) . I have repeatedly met la racaille during my ethnographic studies on heterosexual romantic relationships among 15- to 20-year-old youngsters from three different social backgrounds—working class in cités (2002–2005), working class in villages (2008–2011), and bourgeoisie in Paris (2016–2020). I encountered it in the form of a performed figure—object of speech, clothing choices, gestures, movements, and ways of speaking. This presence reveals a collective fascination in which various negative judgments are mixed with shared admiration for its high social visibility. Stylish and powerful, la racaille is fascinating, at any rate because it embodies an exaggerated masculinity that is untroubled and unquestionable.

A Comparative Analysis of the “Garden” and “Forest” Images in Tang Xianzu’s and Shakespeare’s Plays

On the basis of the relevant research status at home and abroad and in-depth study of the drama texts, combining with Chinese and Western cultural traditions, social backgrounds, and the creative thoughts of playwrights, this paper compares and analyzes the similar characteristics, different artistic functions and underlying reasons of the “garden” image and the “forest” image in Tang Xianzu’s and Shakespeare’s plays.

Differences in Foreign Language Choice of Students from Different Social Backgrounds

According to previous research (e.g. Bernstein, 1971; Gogolin, 2014; Hegedűs et al., 2019), family background plays a decisive role in an individual's mother tongue acquisition and in learning foreign languages. In another study, parents with a high social background (54.0%) chose German for their children, and parents with a low social background (56.9%) chose English in primary school (Sebestyén, 2021). Based on this, in the study I examine what difference can be detected in the foreign language choice of high school students from different social backgrounds. In the study, I analyze the student data (890 people) of my database entitled “German learning and teaching in Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties” prepared in the 2018/2019 school year, during which I perform cross-tabulation and cluster analysis with the help of SPSS program. The database contains data on 11th grade high school and vocational high school students who studied German and / or English in high school. As the results, there are differences between the learned foreign languages among secondary school students according to family background. Among the clusters related to high school choice, those belonging to the “Higher Education Oriented Local” cluster are most interested in foreign languages, most German-speaking (74.0%) and English (89,0%) students tend to be in this cluster. Overall, the majority of respondents learn English, while students from higher social backgrounds (also) learn German.

Pendidikan Islam Rahmat li al-‘Alamin dan Implikasinya terhadap Karakter (Studi Pesantren Metal Mulim al-Hidayah Pasuruan)

The “Metal” Islamic boarding school was established with a very humanistic purpose. While some educational institutions only accommodate students excelers, superior, smart and have character. The “Metal” person boarding school is present as a place that accommodates students with various social backgrounds, ranging from druging addicts, homeless people, free sex victims, until toddlers who deliberately abandoned their parents. Seeing the arrogance and inequality of education while this time, making the “Metal” person boarding school take a very meaningful role for them to be formed into people who have character. Because education is the right of all humans without having to look at the status of his past. Rahmatan li al-'alamin Islamic education in the “Metal” person boarding school have an impact on the character of students who are able to make them as perfect people.

The Implementation of Hadits on Dzikir and Ihsan: a Living Hadith Study on the Manaqiban Tradition in Majelis Dzikir Al-Khidmah Lampung

Al-Khidmah is a council of dzikir in which the congregations consist of various educational, economic, and social backgrounds. Uniquely, in the council, there are people who have criminal backgrounds such as drug addicts and thugs. In its development, these people experienced a change in character towards ihsan. This change is suspected to be the impact of their participation in Majelis Dzikir Al-Khidmah of dzikir. This paper examines the living hadith about dzikir and ihsan in Al-Khidmah and it’s role in shaping the character of its congregations towards ihsan. This paper was a field research in Simbarwaringin, Trimurjo sub-district, Central Lampung. This was a qualitative descriptive paper that provides a description of the living hadith and the formation of ihsan characters in Al-Khidmah Lampung. This paper was conducted by using participation method with the symbolic interaction method. The results concluded that Al-Khidmah revived the values of hadith about ihsan in three forms of tradition: practice, oral, and written. The character of the ihsan is measured by using the parameters of the asas al khomsa contained in the interaction model, the relation model, and the ritual dzikir of manaqib. This paper adds the treasure of the hadith study about the practice of hadith to form the character of ihsan through tarekat