scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEBERHASILAN PENANDAAN BENIH IKAN LELE AFRIKA (Clarias gariepinus) MELALUI PEMASANGAN PIT (PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER) TAG SECARA INTRAPERITONEAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Pudji Suwargono ◽  
Nur Fansuri
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder

Kepastian identitas setiap benih yang diuji dalam pemuliaan melalui program seleksi harus diketahui, sehingga diperlukan penandaan individual, terutama menggunakan PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tag. Hingga saat ini, penandaan PIT tag pada benih ikan lele Afrika (Clarias gariepinus) baru berhasil dilakukan pada benih berukuran 8-10 g melalui pemasangan ke dalam daging bagian punggung (intramuscular), sedangkan pemasangan ke dalam rongga perut (intraperitoneal) belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan uji coba pemasangan PIT tag secara intramuscular dan intraperitoneal pada benih ikan lele Afrika yang berukuran lebih kecil. Uji coba pemasangan PIT tag secara intramuscular dan intraperitoneal ini dilakukan pada masing-masing sebanyak 30 ekor benih ikan lele Afrika strain Mutiara yang berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm (bobot 2-3 gram) dan 7-9 cm (bobot 4-5 gram) untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya. Hasil uji coba ini menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan PIT tag secara intraperitoneal memberikan hasil yang lebih baik (tidak menyebabkan mortalitas maupun terlepasnya PIT tag pada benih berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm dan menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 5,00% dan tidak adanya PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm) daripada melalui injeksi secara intramuscular (menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 13,33% dan sebanyak 43,33% PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm serta menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 46,67% dan sebanyak 60,00% PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm). Dengan demikian, pemasangan PIT tag secara intraperitoneal dapat dilakukan dengan efektif pada benih ikan lele Afrika yang berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm, dan memungkinkan juga dilakukan pada benih yang berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm.

Successful use of a passive integrated transponder (PIT) system for below-ground detection of plethodontid salamanders

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Connette ◽  
Raymond D. Semlitsch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pit Tagging

Context Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology allows for permanent and unambiguous marking of animals and has recently been adapted for locating tagged individuals in the field with portable detection systems. Aims We seek to assess the effects of PIT tagging on the growth and survival of plethodontid salamanders in the laboratory and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for subterranean detection of salamanders in the field. Methods In a laboratory experiment, we assigned 36 Plethodon shermani to either a PIT tag or control group and compared survival and growth rates over the course of 9 weeks. For the field study, we implanted six Plethodon metcalfi with PIT tags and conducted surveys so as to determine their below-ground positions with a portable detector. Key results We found no effect of PIT tagging on either growth or survival in the laboratory. In the field, PIT telemetry resulted in an overall detection efficiency of 44%, with nighttime surveys yielding a greater detection efficiency than daytime surveys. This technique provided a significant improvement over traditional hand-capture because detected salamanders were rarely visible on the ground surface. Key conclusions Our study indicates that even these relatively small-bodied salamanders (range: 2.14–5.18 g) are capable of bearing PIT tag implants and confirms the results of previous studies that found no effect of PIT tagging on the health or survival of amphibians. This study further demonstrates that the use of a portable PIT detector can be an effective method for locating below-ground salamanders. Implications Because of the small size and long lifespan of PIT tags, we believe portable PIT detectors can provide researchers with an unprecedented level of detail for studies of the movement behaviour, spatial ecology and management of species that are small or otherwise challenging to detect and monitor with other techniques.

scholarly journals Monitoring the use of road-crossing structures by arboreal marsupials: insights gained from motion-triggered cameras and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Soanes ◽  
Peter A. Vesk ◽  
Rodney van der Ree
Keyword(s):  
Individual Identification ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wildlife Crossing Structures

Context Wildlife crossing structures are installed to mitigate the impacts of roads on animal populations, yet little is known about some aspects of their success. Many studies have monitored the use of structures by wildlife, but studies that also incorporate individual identification methods can offer additional insights into their effectiveness. Aims We monitored the use of wildlife crossing structures by arboreal marsupials along the Hume Freeway in south-eastern Australia to (1) determine the species using these structures and their frequency of crossing, (2) determine the number and demographic characteristics of individuals crossing, and (3) use the rate of crossing by individuals to infer the types of movement that occurred. Methods We used motion-triggered cameras to monitor five canopy bridges and 15 glider pole arrays installed at 13 sites along the Hume Freeway. The five canopy bridges were also monitored with passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tag readers to identify the rate of use by individuals. Key results Five species of arboreal marsupial were detected using canopy bridges and glider poles at 11 sites. Our analysis suggested that increasing the number and the distance between poles in a glider pole array reduced the rate of use by squirrel gliders. The PIT tag and camera footage revealed that the structures were used by adult males, adult females and juveniles, suggesting that all demographic groups are capable of using canopy bridges and glider poles. At two canopy bridges, multiple squirrel gliders and common brushtail possums crossed more than once per night. Conclusions Given that previous studies have shown that the freeway is a barrier to movement, and that many of the species detected crossing are subject to road mortality, we conclude that canopy bridges and glider poles benefit arboreal marsupials by providing safe access to resources that would otherwise be inaccessible. Implications Although the factors influencing crossing rate require further study, our analysis suggests that glider pole arrays with fewer poles placed closer together are likely to be more successful for squirrel gliders. The individual identification methods applied here offer insights that are not possible from measuring the rate of use alone and should be adopted in future monitoring studies.

scholarly journals Behavioral Response of Bats to Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Reader Arrays Placed at Cave Entrances

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Britzke ◽  
Mark W. Gumbert ◽  
Matthew G. Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract An increasingly popular mark–recapture method to study the ecology of bats is the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Deployment of PIT reader arrays at entrances to caves and mines can yield insight into bat behavior during swarming, winter activity, and emergence. This application has the potential to address questions about bat activity at cave and mine entrances in response to white-nose syndrome or bat seasonal movements; however, no studies have examined the response of bats to these arrays. We describe bat response to placement of PIT tag reader arrays using camcorders and supplemental infrared illuminators at three cave entrances near Bloomington, Indiana, during spring 2006. A random subset of 5-min periods was viewed and bat behavior was classified. Circling represented >70% of all behavior noted for two caves but only represented approximately 30% of behavior at the third cave. Proportions of observed activity that resulted in contacts or landings were consistently low across the three caves (x̄  =  1.34%; range 0.5–3.0%), with most contacts causing bats to simply change course and fly away. Based on our observations, positioning reader PIT tag reader arrays at cave entrances to passively recapture PIT tags does not limit bat movements. However, video monitoring during initial sampling efforts of future projects should be conducted to verify appropriate placement and configuration of PIT tag reader arrays. This research provides data illustrating the lack of significant impact in using PIT tag reader arrays at cave entrances, thereby opening up the potential use of this technology to address issues of bats ecology that cannot be obtained with other marking techniques.

scholarly journals Passive Integrated Transponder Tags: Review of Studies on Warmwater Fishes With Notes on Additional Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chris Musselman ◽  
Thomas A. Worthington ◽  
Joshua Mouser ◽  
Desiree M. Williams ◽  
Shannon K. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract Although numerous studies have assessed retention and survival of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, data are scattered and information gaps remain for many diminutive fishes. Our study objectives were to 1) systematically review PIT tag studies and summarize retention, growth, and survival data for warmwater fishes; and 2) conduct a laboratory study to evaluate the retention, survival, and growth effects of intracoelomic-placed, half duplex PIT tags on six small-bodied species common to warmwater streams. Our systematic review suggested small sample sizes were common within PIT tag retention and survival studies (39% with n ≤ 20) and that many experiments (15%, 14 of 97) failed to use control fish as part of their evaluations. Studies focused primarily on short-term changes (15 d to 2 y) in tag retention and survival. Tag retention was equal to or greater than 90% in 85% of the experiments reviewed and median survival was 92%. Growth was reported by fishes in the majority of reviewed studies. We found similar results after PIT tagging (peritoneum tagging using 12- or 23-mm half duplex tags) adult Cardinal Shiner Luxilus cardinalis, Central Stoneroller Campostoma annomalum, Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides, Orangethroat Darter Etheostoma spectabile, Slender Madtom Noturus exilis, and juvenile Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. Tag retention for all species was high, with only one tag loss recorded after 60 d. Survival was also high (≥88%) for all of our species with the exception of Orangethroat Darter (56% survival). No significant difference in mean growth between treatment and control groups was found. Both our results and the findings of the literature review suggested generally high tag retention and low mortality in tagged fishes (across 31 species reviewed). However, within our study (e.g., Orangethroat Darter) and from the literature, examples of negative effects of PIT tagging on fishes were apparent, suggesting methodological testing is prudent before using PIT tags in field studies. We suggest future studies would benefit from addressing the behavioral implications that may be associated with tagging and examination of longer-term tag retention. Furthermore, standard reporting (i.e., sample sizes) in PIT tag studies would be beneficial, and use of control subjects or groups for statistical comparisons is needed.

Individual downstream swimming speed during the natural smolting period among young of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1782-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasse Fängstam
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Immature Fish

The individual downstream swimming behaviour of two-summer-old salmon from the Ume River hatchery stock was monitored throughout the natural smolting period in May–June. The experiment was performed in an artificial-stream tank (diameter 11 m) equipped with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag monitoring system. The swimming speed of individual fish in relation to water velocity and the porportion of time during which an individual fish showed active versus passive displacement were investigated using a total of 224 sexually immature fish and previously mature males, individually PIT tagged. At peak migration fish swam downstream at an average speed of about double the water velocity, indicating active downstream migration. No differences in downstream swimming speed between migratory and nonmigratory fish were observed. However, migratory and nonmigratory fish used considerably different proportions of the total time swimming faster than the water current, 10% for migratory fish but only 0.1% for nonmigratory fish. Migratory smolts covered about 25% of their total downstream displacement by means of active downstream swimming: 3.3 km out of 13.5 km in 24 h. Thus, the study clearly shows that active downstream swimming is an important part of the migratory repertoire of salmon smolts.

scholarly journals Performance of a Pool and Weir Fishway for Iberian Cyprinids Migration: A Case Study

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedescoll ◽  
Aguado ◽  
Marcos ◽  
González
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Passage Efficiency

One of the movement barriers that fish populations must overcome for migration success in the upper basin of Tormes river (Salamanca, Spain) is a 20 m high dam. The design of its pool and weir fishway for potamodromous fishes (mostly Iberian barbel—Luciobarbus bocagei—and Northern straight-mouth nase—Pseudochondrostoma duriense) to overcome the obstacle was improved in 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the fishway using FDX passive integrated transponder (PIT)-Tags inserted into the fish and PIT-Tag detection antennas at the fishway. During several sampling events, 7113 barbel and nase individuals were tagged and released at the point of capture along the basin (2538 and 4575 of which were tagged downstream and upstream, respectively). PIT-Tag Detection Antennas close to the top and bottom of the fishway monitored tagged fish continuously for 10 months (from March to December 2017), to analyze the performance of the fishway. Upstream passage efficiency was greater for barbel (60% and 25% for barbel and nase, respectively). Differences in passage efficiency between species may be due to differences in their size. Mean length for barbels attempting to pass was 336 mm (±47 mm) while for nases was 143 mm (±26 mm). Moreover, both the number of attempts to pass and ascend time for nases were higher than for barbels. Entrance efficiency was low (3.5% and 10.8% for barbel and nase, respectively), although 2017 was a very dry year, thus these results are most likely influenced by flow rates. Therefore, the fishway has proved to be functional but is actually poor for efficiency purposes, especially for small fish.

Wedgie Gold: Using metal detectors to recover PIT tags under areas used by wedge-tailed eagles and barn owls

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
M. Blythman ◽  
C. Sims ◽  
G. Eliot
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Roost Trees

A metal detector was used to recover passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from below wedge-tailed eagle and barn owl nests and roost trees. The effectiveness of four different metal detectors to locate PIT tags and Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) bands were compared. Twenty PIT tags from 14 golden bandicoots, five burrowing bettongs and one rufous hare-wallaby were recovered from wedge-tailed eagle sites. One unreadable PIT tag was recovered from a barn owl site. This technique has potential for use in determining the survivorship of translocated threatened species.

Suitability of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags for Marking Live Animals for Trade.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Freeland ◽  
K Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Animal Trade ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder Tags ◽  
Environmental Interference

Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags were subject to a series of experimental manipulations designed to simulate conditions operating during the course of trade in animals. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of tag-wand angle of orientation, various barriers between tags and wands and different wand-readers on the distance at which a reading could be made. The distances at which readings can be made are subject to influences by all three variables. The effect of tag-wand angle of orientation is likely to be trivial under most circumstances. Of more importance to the utility of PIT tags for animal trade is environmental interference, particularly that due to metallic barriers (plate or mesh). Different wand-readers produce idiosyncratic results in relation to orientation of the tag and wand and type of barrier. Implantation of tags in cane toads (Bufo marinus) indicates that tags are long lived and reliable. Loss of tags from the toads was relatively rare and probably due to error during the insertion of tags. PIT tags proved resistant to preservation in formalin or ethanol, and to the decomposition of animals in which they had been inserted. Tags inserted into 14 species of Australian mammal provided reliable identification of individuals, and were lost only from species that fly (bats) or are arboreal and glide (a petaurid marsupial). PIT tags are outstandingly reliable and provide for rapid identification of individual animals. Limitations to the use of PIT tags in trade in animals are the inability to conduct readings from a distance (>50mm), and their vulnerability to environmental interference. Technological improvements in taglscannerlreader design may improve the distance from which readings may be made, and cages could possibly be designed in ways that minimise environmental interference. Until these developments have occurred, the PIT tag does not provide cost-effective improvements in the ability to identify animals used in trade.

scholarly journals Passage Performance of Technical Pool-Type Fishways for Potamodromous Cyprinids: Novel Experiences in Semiarid Environments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanz-Ronda ◽  
Bravo-Córdoba ◽  
Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
García-Vega ◽  
Valbuena-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Passage ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Fish Migration ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Semiarid Environments ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Longitudinal Connectivity ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Pool Type

Endemic freshwater fish from semiarid environments are among the most threated species in the world due to water overexploitation and habitat fragmentation problems. Stepped or pool-type fishways are used worldwide to reestablish longitudinal connectivity and mitigate fish migration problems. Many of them are being installed or planned in rivers of semiarid environments, however, very few studies about fish passage performance through pool-type fishways has been carried out to date on these regions. The present work focuses on the passage performance of two potamodromous cyprinids endemic of these regions, with different ecological and swimming behavior: southern Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus sclateri) and Iberian straight-mouth nase (Pseudochondrostoma polylepis). These are assessed in two of the most common types of stepped fishways: vertical slot and submerged notch with bottom orifice fishways. Experiments were carried out during the spawning season in the Segura River (southeastern Spain), using a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag and antenna system. Ascent success was greater than 80%, with a median transit time lower than 17 minutes per meter of height in all trials, and for both species and fishway types. Results show that both types of fishways, if correctly designed and constructed, provide interesting alternatives for the restoration of fish migration pathways in these regions.

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