scholarly journals Karakteristik Oseanografi Laut Banda Bagian Barat Pada Musim Barat dari Data Pengukuran In-Situ 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Asep Ma'mun ◽  
Muhammad Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Data View ◽  
Temperature Depth

Perairan Laut Banda bagian barat merupakan lokasi fishing ground potensial nelayan yang berpangkalan di Kendari dan sekitarnya. Karakteristik oseanografi perairan ini penting diketahui, terutama pada muson barat, karena masih sedikit data hasil kajian berbasis pengukuran in-situ. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 4–17 Februari 2016 (akhir musim barat) dengan cruise kapal riset KR. Baruna Jaya VII-LIPI. Sampling dilakukan pada 19 stasiun oseanografi menggunakan Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) SBE 911 plus untuk mengukur suhu, konduktivitas, tekanan, fluorometer, turbiditas, transmisi cahaya dan oksigen  terlarut (DO). Pengukuran arus permukaan menggunakan current meter type AEM-USB JFE Advantech. Pengolahan data CTD dilakukan dengan software SBE Data Processing dan analisa serta visualisasi data dilakukan menggunakan software Ocean data View (ODV). Hasil menunjukkan, secara vertikal kedalaman lapisan tercampur (mixed layer) berada sampai kedalaman 70m. Fluktuasi terbesar suhu berada pada kedalaman 125 m sebesar 20.40 oC dengan simpangan baku 1.085 oC, menunjukkan lapisan termoklin berada cukup dalam. Parameter salinitas, menunjukkan fluktuasi terbesarnya berada di kedalaman 50 m (rerata 34.27 psu dan simpangan baku 0.578 psu). Dari lapisan termoklin hingga 500 m tidak ditemukan ciri massa air bersalinitas tinggi yang berasal dari Pasifik Utara/Selatan. Kandungan oksigen maksimum berada pada isopiknal <5. Kandungan klorofil maksimum umumnya berada di sekitar isopycnal 22. Secara horizontal, nilai sebaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL) rata-rata 29.64 0C dengan pola nilai sebaran yang semakin tinggi ke arah daratan. Rata-rata salinitas permukaan 33.58 psu dengan pola makin tinggi ke arah tengah perairan. Nilai sebaran rata-rata kandungan oksigen terlarut (DO) sebesar 6.88 mg/l. Kecepatan arus permukaan berkisar 0.4–0.8 m/detik cenderung bergerak ke arah selatan, kecuali di stasiun bagian selatan Kepulauan Wakatobi arus menuju utara, terkait masih adanya pengaruh dorongan massa air dari Laut Flores. Nilai sebaran klorofil permukaan rata-rata 0.13 mg/m3 lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai rerata di perairan Indonesia pada musim barat. Pada akhir musim barat ini, tidak ditemukan adanya indikasi upwelling.

scholarly journals In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC<sup>4</sup>RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 7085-7102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Wagner ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
W. M. Angevine ◽  
A. Beyersdorf ◽  
P. Campuzano-Jost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Secondary Aerosol

Abstract. Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. These vertical profiles were collected over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during the summer of 2013 as part of two separate field studies: the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study and the Study of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS). Shallow cumulus convection was observed during many profiles. These conditions enhance vertical transport of trace gases and aerosol and create a cloudy transition layer on top of the sub-cloud mixed layer. The trace gas and aerosol concentrations in the transition layer were modeled as a mixture with contributions from the mixed layer below and the free troposphere above. The amount of vertical mixing, or entrainment of air from the free troposphere, was quantified using the observed mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO). Although the median aerosol mass, extinction, and volume decreased with altitude in the transition layer, they were ~10 % larger than expected from vertical mixing alone. This enhancement was likely due to secondary aerosol formation in the transition layer. Although the transition layer enhancements of the particulate sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) were both similar in magnitude, only the enhancement of sulfate was statistically significant. The column integrated extinction, or aerosol optical depth (AOD), was calculated for each individual profile, and the transition layer enhancement of extinction typically contributed less than 10 % to the total AOD. Our measurements and analysis were motivated by two recent studies that have hypothesized an enhanced layer of secondary aerosol aloft to explain the summertime enhancement of AOD (2–3 times greater than winter) over the southeastern United States. The first study attributes the layer aloft to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) while the second study speculates that the layer aloft could be SOA or secondary particulate sulfate. In contrast to these hypotheses, the modest enhancement we observed in the transition layer was not dominated by OA and was not a large fraction of the summertime AOD.

scholarly journals Neural network-based estimates of Southern Ocean net community production from in situ O<sub>2</sub> / Ar and satellite observation: a methodological study

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3279-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
N. C. Johnson ◽  
N. Cassar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Net Community Production ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Community Production

Abstract. Southern Ocean organic carbon export plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, yet its basin-scale climatology and variability are uncertain due to limited coverage of in situ observations. In this study, a neural network approach based on the self-organizing map (SOM) is adopted to construct weekly gridded (1° × 1°) maps of organic carbon export for the Southern Ocean from 1998 to 2009. The SOM is trained with in situ measurements of O2 / Ar-derived net community production (NCP) that are tightly linked to the carbon export in the mixed layer on timescales of one to two weeks and with six potential NCP predictors: photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll (Chl), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and mixed layer depth (MLD). This nonparametric approach is based entirely on the observed statistical relationships between NCP and the predictors and, therefore, is strongly constrained by observations. A thorough cross-validation yields three retained NCP predictors, Chl, PAR, and MLD. Our constructed NCP is further validated by good agreement with previously published, independent in situ derived NCP of weekly or longer temporal resolution through real-time and climatological comparisons at various sampling sites. The resulting November–March NCP climatology reveals a pronounced zonal band of high NCP roughly following the Subtropical Front in the Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific sectors, and turns southeastward shortly after the dateline. Other regions of elevated NCP include the upwelling zones off Chile and Namibia, the Patagonian Shelf, the Antarctic coast, and areas surrounding the Islands of Kerguelen, South Georgia, and Crozet. This basin-scale NCP climatology closely resembles that of the satellite POC field and observed air–sea CO2 flux. The long-term mean area-integrated NCP south of 50° S from our dataset, 17.9 mmol C m−2 d−1, falls within the range of 8.3 to 24 mmol C m−2 d−1 from other model estimates. A broad agreement is found in the basin-wide NCP climatology among various models but with significant spatial variations, particularly in the Patagonian Shelf. Our approach provides a comprehensive view of the Southern Ocean NCP climatology and a potential opportunity to further investigate interannual and intraseasonal variability.

SGTools: a suite of tools for processing and analyzing large data sets from in situ X-ray scattering experiments

2022 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nie Zhao ◽  
Chunming Yang ◽  
Fenggang Bian ◽  
Daoyou Guo ◽  
Xiaoping Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Mapping ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

In situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful tool for studying dynamic processes during material preparation and application. The processing and analysis of large data sets generated from in situ X-ray scattering experiments are often tedious and time consuming. However, data processing software for in situ experiments is relatively rare, especially for grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). This article presents an open-source software suite (SGTools) to perform data processing and analysis for SAXS and GISAXS experiments. The processing modules in this software include (i) raw data calibration and background correction; (ii) data reduction by multiple methods; (iii) animation generation and intensity mapping for in situ X-ray scattering experiments; and (iv) further data analysis for the sample with an order degree and interface correlation. This article provides the main features and framework of SGTools. The workflow of the software is also elucidated to allow users to develop new features. Three examples are demonstrated to illustrate the use of SGTools for dealing with SAXS and GISAXS data. Finally, the limitations and future features of the software are also discussed.

scholarly journals Eastern Tropical Atlantic Mixed Layer Depth: Assessment of Methods from In Situ Profiles in the Gulf of Guinea from Coastal to High Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kouadio N’Guessan ◽  
Aka Marcel Kouassi ◽  
Albert Trokourey ◽  
Elisée Toualy ◽  
Desiré Kouamé Kanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Layer Depth

scholarly journals In Situ Mass Spectrometry Diagnostics of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Using Label-Free Metabolomic Signature

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Petr G. Lokhov ◽  
Oxana P. Trifonova ◽  
Dmitry L. Maslov ◽  
Elena E. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Mass Peak ◽  
Mass Spectrometers

In metabolomics, mass spectrometry is used to detect a large number of low-molecular substances in a single analysis. Such a capacity could have direct application in disease diagnostics. However, it is challenging because of the analysis complexity, and the search for a way to simplify it while maintaining the diagnostic capability is an urgent task. It has been proposed to use the metabolomic signature without complex data processing (mass peak detection, alignment, normalization, and identification of substances, as well as any complex statistical analysis) to make the analysis more simple and rapid. Methods: A label-free approach was implemented in the metabolomic signature, which makes the measurement of the actual or conditional concentrations unnecessary, uses only mass peak relations, and minimizes mass spectra processing. The approach was tested on the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Results: The label-free metabolic signature demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy for IGT equal to 88% (specificity 85%, sensitivity 90%, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.91), which is considered to be a good quality for diagnostics. Conclusions: It is possible to compile label-free signatures for diseases that allow for diagnosing the disease in situ, i.e., right at the mass spectrometer without complex data processing. This achievement makes all mass spectrometers potentially versatile diagnostic devices and accelerates the introduction of metabolomics into medicine.

scholarly journals Skill assessment of the PELAGOS global ocean biogeochemistry model over the period 1980–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vichi ◽  
S. Masina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Ocean Biogeochemistry

Abstract. Global Ocean Biogeochemistry General Circulation Models are useful tools to study biogeochemical processes at global and large scales under current climate and future scenario conditions. The credibility of future estimates is however dependent on the model skill in capturing the observed multi-annual variability of firstly the mean bulk biogeochemical properties, and secondly the rates at which organic matter is processed within the food web. For this double purpose, the results of a multi-annual simulation of the global ocean biogeochemical model PELAGOS have been objectively compared with multi-variate observations from the last 20 years of the 20th century, both considering bulk variables and carbon production/consumption rates. Simulated net primary production (NPP) is comparable with satellite-derived estimates at the global scale and when compared with an independent data-set of in situ observations in the equatorial Pacific. The usage of objective skill indicators allowed us to demonstrate the importance of comparing like with like when considering carbon transformation processes. NPP scores improve substantially when in situ data are compared with modeled NPP which takes into account the excretion of freshly-produced dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It is thus recommended that DOC measurements be performed during in situ NPP measurements to quantify the actual production of organic carbon in the surface ocean. The chlorophyll bias in the Southern Ocean that affects this model as well as several others is linked to the inadequate representation of the mixed layer seasonal cycle in the region. A sensitivity experiment confirms that the artificial increase of mixed layer depths towards the observed values substantially reduces the bias. Our assessment results qualify the model for studies of carbon transformation in the surface ocean and metabolic balances. Within the limits of the model assumption and known biases, PELAGOS indicates a net heterotrophic balance especially in the more oligotrophic regions of the Atlantic during the boreal winter period. However, at the annual time scale and over the global ocean, the model suggests that the surface ocean is close to a weakly positive autotrophic balance in accordance with recent experimental findings and geochemical considerations.

scholarly journals Merkuri (Hg) di Permukaan Perairan Muara Sungai Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianto Suteja ◽  
Anna Ida Sunaryo Purwiyanto ◽  
Fitri Agustriani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Temperature Depth

The purposes of this study were to determine the water quality, concentration and distribution of Hg in the surface water of Banyuasin river estuary. This research was conducted in June 2016 with 26 sampling stations. Measurement of in situ water quality was done using Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) multiparameter profiler while Hg metal was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  The data obtained was interpolated by Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and then mapped spatially. The results showed that in general the water quality in Banyuasin river estuary still meets the seawater quality standards for marine biota based on KepMenLH no. 51 in 2004. The concentration of Hg in Banyuasin river estuary ranges from 0.001-0.032 mg/L with a distribution pattern that generally increases towards the ocean. The Hg concentration at the Banyuasin river estuary is on the maximum limit and exceeds the quality standard for marine biota.

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