Analysis of the correlation between body composition, construction and aerobic capacity in teenage team sport training

Background: Preseason training optimises adaptations in the physical qualities required in rugby union athletes. Sleep can be compromised during periods of intensified training. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between sleep quantity and changes in physical performance over a preseason phase in professional rugby union athletes. Methods: Twenty-nine professional rugby union athletes (Mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 years) had their sleep duration monitored for 3 weeks using wrist actigraphy. Strength and speed were assessed at baseline and at week 3. Aerobic capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, at week 3 and at week 5. Participants were stratified into 2 groups for analysis: <7 h 30 min sleep per night (LOW, n = 15) and >7 h 30 min sleep per night (HIGH, n = 14). Results: A significant group x time interaction was determined for aerobic capacity (p = 0.02, d = 1.25) at week 3 and for skinfolds at week 3 (p < 0.01, d = 0.58) and at week 5 (p = 0.02, d = 0.92), in favour of the HIGH sleep group. No differences were evident between groups for strength or speed measures (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that longer sleep duration during the preseason may assist in enhancing physical qualities including aerobic capacity and body composition in elite rugby union athletes.

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Endurance and resistance training lowers C-reactive protein in young, healthy females

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h11-077 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 660-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura A. Daray ◽

Tara M. Henagan ◽

Michael Zanovec ◽

Conrad P. Earnest ◽

Lisa G. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Body Fat ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Young Females ◽

Marathon Training ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Body Strength ◽

Additional Resistance

The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance (E) or endurance + resistance (ER) training affects C-reactive protein (CRP) and if these changes are related to alterations in fitness and (or) body composition in young females. Thirty-eight females (aged 18–24 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) E, (2) ER or (3) active control (AC). The E and ER groups completed 15 weeks of marathon training. The ER group performed additional resistance training and the AC group maintained their usual exercise routine. Primary outcomes were measured pre- and post-training and included anthropometric indices, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, plasma CRP, time to complete 1.5 miles (in minutes), and upper and lower body strength tests (i.e., 8 repetition max on bench and leg press (ER group only)). There were no differences in any variable among the groups at baseline. After training, the E group decreased time to complete 1.5 miles (p < 0.05). The AC group decreased percent and absolute body fat while the E group decreased percent body fat, absolute body fat, and android and gynoid body fat (p < 0.05). The ER group significantly improved strength (p < 0.001) and reduced plasma CRP from 2.0 ± 1.1 to 0.8 ± 0.3 mg·L–1 (p = 0.03). No significant associations were observed between CRP and measures of body composition or aerobic capacity. Combined endurance and resistance training may be an effective modality for reducing plasma CRP in young adult females independent of changes in aerobic capacity or body composition.

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Testosterone and exercise: Effects on fitness, body composition and strength in middle-to-older aged men with low-normal serum testosterone levels.

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00010.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren C. Chasland ◽

Bu B Yeap ◽

Andrew J. Maiorana ◽

Yi X Chan ◽

Barbara A Maslen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Testosterone Treatment ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Therapeutic Doses

As men age, serum testosterone (T) concentrations decrease, as do fitness, strength and lean mass. Whether testosterone treatment confers additive benefit to reverse these changes when combined with exercise training in middle-to-older aged men remains unclear. We assessed the effects of T treatment and exercise, alone and in combination, on aerobic capacity (VO2peak), body composition and muscular strength in men 50-70yrs, waist circumference ≥95cm and low-normal serum T (6-14nmol·L−1). Participants (n=80) were randomised to AndroForte5® (Testosterone 5.0%w/v, 100mg/2mL) cream (T), or matching placebo (P), applied transdermally daily, and supervised centre-based exercise (Ex) or no additional exercise (NEx), for 12-weeks. Exercise increased VO2peak and strength vs non-exercise (VO2peak: T+Ex:+2.5, P+Ex:+3.2mL·kg−1·min−1, P<0.001; leg press: T+Ex:+31, P+Ex:+24kg, P=0.006). T treatment did not affect VO2peak or strength. Exercise decreased total (T+Ex:-1.7, P+Ex-2.3kg, P<0.001) and visceral fat (T+Ex:-0.1, P+Ex:-0.3kg, P=0.003), and increased total (T+Ex:+1.4, P+Ex:+0.7kg, P=0.008) and arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5, P+Ex:+0.3kg, P=0.024). T treatment did not affect total or visceral fat, but increased total (T+Ex:+1.4, T+NEx:+0.7kg, P=0.015), leg (T+Ex:+0.3, T+NEx:+0.2kg, P=0.024) and arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5, T+NEx:+0.2kg, P=0.046). T+Ex increased arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5kg vs P+NEx:-0.0kg, P=0.001) and leg strength (T+Ex:+31 vs P+NEx:+12kg, P=0.032) compared to P+NEx, with no other additive effects. Exercise training was more effective than T treatment in increasing aerobic capacity and decreasing total and visceral fat mass. T treatment at therapeutic doses increased lean mass but conferred limited additional benefit when combined with exercise. Exercise should be evaluated as an anti-ageing intervention in preference to testosterone treatment in men.

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The accuracy and precision of DXA for assessing body composition in team sport athletes

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2014.926380 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (19) ◽

pp. 1821-1828 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Johann Christopher Bilsborough ◽

Kate Greenway ◽

David Opar ◽

Steuart Livingstone ◽

Justin Cordy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Team Sport ◽

Accuracy And Precision

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The Association Among Body Composition, Explosive Leg Power and Aerobic Capacity in Male Varsity Hockey Players

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000535660.19031.90 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Sebastien Beauregard ◽

Nathan A. Chiarlitti ◽

Patrick Delisle-Houde ◽

Ryan E. Reid ◽

Ross E. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Hockey Players

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Nordic Walking Promoted Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese People: A Systematic Review for Future Exercise Prescription

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk4020036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefano Gobbo ◽

Valentina Bullo ◽

Enrico Roma ◽

Federica Duregon ◽

Danilo Sales Bocalini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Nordic Walking ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Obese People ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of Nordic Walking (NW) on anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, aerobic capacity, blood sample, and glucose tolerance in overweight and obese subjects. The main keywords “Nordic Walking” or “Pole Walking”, associated with either “obese”, “obesity”, “overweight”, or “weight loss” were used on the online database MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. Additionally, references of the studies included were screened to identify eligible articles. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten manuscripts were considered as eligible for this review. The results of the studies were categorized in several domains with regard to “anthropometric parameters and body composition”, “cardiovascular parameters and aerobic capacity”, and “blood sample and glucose tolerance”. The results showed positive effects on the anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, blood sample, and glucose tolerance. The greatest improvements were observed in supervised and high weekly frequency of NW interventions. NW could be considered as an effective modality through which to involve the obese in physical activity. For weight loss, NW should be prescribed 4–5 times per week, at least 60 min per session, preferably combined with diet control.

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