scholarly journals Efficiency of the research and development activities of technical universities in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-274
Author(s):  
Irena Łącka ◽  
◽  
Łukasz Brzezicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Low Efficiency

In the 21st century knowledge-based economy, long-term economic growth and development depend on the ability to use the knowledge and technology so as to create product, process, organisational, marketing and even social innovations. The knowledge and technology, human resources and social capital (facilitating the transfer of technology from the world of science to the economy), comprise the most important production factors today. Research and development (R&D) activities are among the diverse determinants affecting the economy’s ability to innovate. They are carried out by public technical universities. One of the tasks that these entities face is to conduct basic, industrial (applied) research and development works. Their results can then be transferred to industrial and service enterprises as novel solutions. Research and development activities of universities are financed mainly from public sources, which suggests the need to assess the efficiency of this task. This can be done with the use of various methods, e.g. the non-parametric DEA method. The purpose of the paper is to measure the efficiency of research and development activities of public technical universities in Poland with the aid of the DEA method. The fourteen universities which in the years 2015–2017 reported to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) were included in the study. The efficiency of the universities in filing new patent solutions and being granted patents was analysed. The results acquired indicate very low and low efficiency of most Polish technical universities. This is due both to a small number of patent applications and a small number of patents granted. In the examined period, the group of most efficient technical universities in both aspects comprised 4 to 5 universities.

scholarly journals Analysis of successful experience of innovative enterprises in the regions of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Rimma K. Sagieva ◽  
Aziza S. Zhuparova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Business Community ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

In the context of the current level of development of the knowledge-based economy of Kazakhstan, characterized by a huge shortage and dissociation of research personnel, lack of innovative ideas for commercialization, the concentration of efforts of the state and the business community on researching the problems of effective research and development funding seems more than appropriate. In Kazakhstan, the main reason for the low impact of innovation is also the lack of funding for research and development, as well as the low efficiency of financial resources in the scientific sector. This is evidenced by official statistics, as well as the cost of private financing of research and development in Kazakhstan per capita is $ 247, and the level of state funding is $ 4, which is one hundred or two hundred. times less compared to the leading countries of the world. In this paper, the study of examples of the implementation of funding of high-tech industries in the regions of Kazakhstan. The implementation of this study allows us to identify the most successful experience in implementing innovation activities in high-tech companies in Kazakhstan, which makes this work relevant. The research methodology includes such methods of knowledge of economic phenomena and processes: economic and statistical analysis, conducting qualitative analysis based on questionnaires, interviews. A survey of 1155 companies was conducted, according to the results of which 30 interviews were conducted, which made it possible to carry out a correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the factors influencing the innovative development of companies. The research results will allow to study the experience of successful companies, to identify growth points, as well as provide an opportunity to improve the system of financing high-tech industries. The practical and theoretical significance lies in the fact that its main conclusions and recommendations can be used to develop effective strategies and tactical tools of innovation policy in high-tech enterprises.

From Freezing to Investing: New Approaches to Monetary and Currency Policies

2008 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
A. Nekipelov ◽  
Yu. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The appeals to minimize state intervention in the Russian economy are counterproductive. However the excessive involvement of the state is fraught with the threat of building nomenclature capitalism. That is the main idea of the series of articles by prominent representatives of Russian economic thought who formulate their position on key elements of the long-term strategy of Russia’s development. The articles deal with such important issues as Russia’s economic policy, transition to knowledge-based economy, basic directions of monetary and structural policies, strengthening of property rights, development of human potential, foreign economic priorities of our state.

Supply Chain Knowledge Integration in Emerging Economies

2012 ◽  
pp. 1002-1018
Author(s):  
Ryan Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Firms in developed economies have been purchasing from firms in emerging economies for years, but they typically purchase low value, low margin items. Opportunities have arisen for emerging economy manufacturers to supply higher value products and services to firms in developed economies. In today’s global, knowledge based economy, suppliers must have cutting edge knowledge, and they must constantly upgrade their knowledge to maintain a competitive advantage. When supplying high-value products, complex knowledge based interactions between the buyer and supplier are necessary. A conceptual model is developed in this chapter, proposing that if suppliers in emerging economies are committed to long term relationships with developed economy customers, they can increase the level of knowledge integration in the relationship, and in turn, improve performance. The primary contribution of this chapter is to show that firms in emerging economies can achieve sales growth by becoming critical links in today’s global, knowledge based supply chains.

Supply Chain Knowledge Integration in Emerging Economies

2010 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Ryan Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Firms in developed economies have been purchasing from firms in emerging economies for years, but they typically purchase low value, low margin items. Opportunities have arisen for emerging economy manufacturers to supply higher value products and services to firms in developed economies. In today’s global, knowledge based economy, suppliers must have cutting edge knowledge, and they must constantly upgrade their knowledge to maintain a competitive advantage. When supplying high-value products, complex knowledge based interactions between the buyer and supplier are necessary. A conceptual model is developed in this chapter, proposing that if suppliers in emerging economies are committed to long term relationships with developed economy customers, they can increase the level of knowledge integration in the relationship, and in turn, improve performance. The primary contribution of this chapter is to show that firms in emerging economies can achieve sales growth by becoming critical links in today’s global, knowledge based supply chains.

Development of Clusters in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Lilla Knop
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Organizational Relationships ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Project Data

The current study results attribute great importance to the role of clusters in innovation and competitive development creation. While seeking not so much the operational solutions, but the main components that form the cluster management process, it was noticed that a cluster – despite being already well- defined— does not come into being together with the declaration, willingness, initiative or the signing of the document. The creation and development of clusters is a long term process that can last for years and is exposed to a number of strategic obstacles. The experience both on a national and global level relating to the dynamics of the development of clusters show how difficult this task is, especially in a knowledge-based economy. The development of specialization and knowledge in clusters is no longer linear in nature, based on knowledge generated by the function of research and development of an individual company. It is defined as the result of a process of interaction through inter-organizational relationships, providing access to various types of resources. The article assumes that clusters in Poland after the quantum boom, are moving to the next phase of development based on improvement of activities. The aim of the article is to present the dynamics of cluster development in Poland. The research was done in 2015-2017, but the research period covered the years 2003-2016. Besides basic information on: number of clusters, year of creation, number of cluster members etc., the article analyzes cluster specializations against the background of smart specializations being developed in regions in Poland. Furthermore, the article presents the preliminary results of research on meeting management standards by Polish clusters. The research was based on PARP (The Polish Agency for Enterprise Development) project data and own studies.

Social and Labour Relations During Economic Crisis: How to Balance the Interests

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Никита Лютов ◽  
Nikita Lyutov
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Workforce Productivity

The article deals with the issues of dependence of flexible or rigid labour law norms and macroeconomic effectiveness. The conclusion is made that traditional neoliberal dogmas about negative effect of labour law norms on the economic effectiveness are not supported by the serious empirical proof. In contrary, modern researches show that the long-term positive economic effect of labour law norms may be found in such issues as diminishing the incomes gap, growing consumers’ demand, workforce productivity and creation of knowledge-based economy. The Russian labour law is considered to be not enough flexible in the issues of bureaucratic obligations of the employers towards the state in the human resources management matters. Those requirements should be alleviated without a real danger to harm the employees’ rights. In contrast, the regulation of relations between the employers and employees is considered to be overly flexible, contrary to the popular myths that it repeats the Soviet rigid labour law norms. The author claims that there is enough space to enhance the protection norms in the areas of social dialogue, minimum wages, working time, the regulation of labour relations within the groups of companies and in the number of other issues. All mentioned directions of law modification will not lead to the negative consequences to the economy, but would rather result in a better social stability and employers’ effectiveness in the time of macroeconomic crisis.

A Finnish Concept for Academic Entrepreneurship

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Laine
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Potential Applications

In a knowledge-driven economy there is a growing need for deeper and more productive interaction between higher education and industry. The full exploitation of knowledge requires strategies, incentives, appropriate systems and strong interaction between the transfer processes and the main processes in higher education. In a knowledge-based economy, knowledge is more likely to be created if there is collaboration on the potential applications. In such a knowledge creation process, the creation, dissemination and utilization of knowledge are carried out in quick succession or even simultaneously. Also, basic research and applied research can no longer be separated. Knowledge creation is, in many cases, achieved through long-term partnerships based on trust, commitment and mutual benefit. This paper explores ways of supporting and creating entrepreneurial activity in higher education. It studies the case of Satakunta University of Applied Sciences in Finland.

scholarly journals Knowledge Management Processes as a Challenge of Knowledge-Based Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2/2021 (35) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Filip Tużnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Organizational Cooperation

The article concerns the idea of knowledge and its innovative potential in the knowledge-based economy. The processes related to the knowledge transfer and knowledge management are often considered as factors determining the success in innovativeness. Knowledge management is also an important issue in inter-organizational cooperation since it considerably helps in the development of new technological solutions. The article provides research results on knowledge management conducted among enterprises and scientific units involved in cooperation under R&D projects co-financed by the Polish Federation of Engineering Associations and the National Centre for Research and Development.

The Strategy of “Social Imperative”

2008 ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Social Imperative

The appeals to minimize state intervention in the Russian economy are counterproductive. However the excessive involvement of the state is fraught with the threat of building nomenclature capitalism. That is the main idea of the series of articles by prominent representatives of Russian economic thought who formulate their position on key elements of the long-term strategy of Russia’s development. The articles deal with such important issues as Russia’s economic policy, transition to knowledge-based economy, basic directions of monetary and structural policies, strengthening of property rights, development of human potential, foreign economic priorities of our state.

On a New Concept of Long-term Strategy

2008 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The appeals to minimize state intervention in the Russian economy are counterproductive. However the excessive involvement of the state is fraught with the threat of building nomenclature capitalism. That is the main idea of the series of articles by prominent representatives of Russian economic thought who formulate their position on key elements of the long-term strategy of Russia’s development. The articles deal with such important issues as Russia’s economic policy, transition to knowledge-based economy, basic directions of monetary and structural policies, strengthening of property rights, development of human potential, foreign economic priorities of our state.

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