Establishing patterns in the compatible electromagnetic and electromechanical transition processes when the starter is powered by a supercapacitor

Supercapacitors are commonly used for a guaranteed launch of diesel generators. However, the processes caused by the starting current until the starter shaft rotates are disregarded. The duration of this moment is short but its effect on the rechargeable battery, taking into consideration its service life, is significant. The shape of this pulse, its duration significantly depend on the ratio of system parameters: supercapacitor (rechargeable battery) – starter – diesel generator. A system of differential equations has been proposed to describe the compatible electromagnetic and electromechanical processes that occur when the starter of the diesel generator is powered from the supercapacitor. A charge is used as a variable quantity. The transitional processes occurring in the stationary starter rotor and the subsequent processes caused by the growth of the electromagnetic starter moment have been taken into consideration. This paper reports establishing those patterns that are related to the beginning of the starter movement, its entering the mode at the falling voltage of the supercapacitor, the exchange of electrical and magnetic energy accumulated in the inductive elements of the starter. Using the charge as a variable quantity has made it possible to combine the final values of the preceding process (stationary rotor) with the initial ones of the next one (output to starting speed). Thus, a mathematical notation has been derived that considers most of the parameters of the charge circle of the supercapacitor. The possibility of using an inflated voltage of the supercapacitor to increase the accumulated energy has been clarified. The processes have been theoretically substantiated, which makes it possible to use a small internal resistance of the starter circuit, the presence of inductive components, an abnormal capacity of the supercapacitor to form the desired shape of the electromagnetic moment. That would make it possible to take into consideration the specific requirements of various systems of guaranteed power supply.

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Analytical Modeling of a Segmented Bimorph Lithium Ion Battery Actuator

ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems ◽

10.1115/smasis2020-2328 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cody Gonzalez ◽

Shuhua Shan ◽

Mary Frecker ◽

Christopher Rahn

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Shape Change ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Internal Resistance ◽

Composite Anode ◽

Volumetric Expansion ◽

Single Side ◽

Battery Capacity ◽

A Charge

Abstract Silicon composite anode-based lithium ion battery actuators have strong potential for large actuation strain, complex shape change, and large compliance tunability. This allows for actuators with potential to do work with no energy expenditure beyond parasitic losses to internal resistance. This paper studies a segmented bimorph actuator comprised of a silicon-based composite anode double-side coated on copper foil. The bimorph design allows for a nearly 360° range of motion in transverse bending and can double the capacity of the battery in comparison to a single side coated unimorph design. An Euler-Bernoulli model is developed to predict free deflection for a range of geometric configurations and states of charge of the bimorph. By modeling the charging of both active sides of the bimorph simultaneously, it is possible to achieve zero bending while still accommodating for the volumetric expansion of the silicon. The bimorph is able to achieve actuation in one given direction by charging each anode coating separately or maintaining a charge difference between the two coatings. The former method allows for the accommodated volumetric expansion of silicon while maintaining zero bending as in a conventional battery setup. The latter method allows for larger battery capacity and range of motion for a novel electrochemically-based actuation mechanism.

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Evaluation Methods of Energy-Storable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.507 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 658 ◽

pp. 507-510

Author(s):

Yosuke Saito ◽

Kentaro Iwata ◽

Satoshi Uchida ◽

Takaya Kubo ◽

Hiroshi Segawa

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

Electrode System ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Rechargeable Battery ◽

Low Light ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

A Charge ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell (ES-DSSC), which possesses a unique three-electrode system composed of a photoanode, a counter electrode and a charge-storage electrode, is a practical solar rechargeable battery. The ES-DSSC is able to yield output power even in the dark after photocharging and suppress the fluctuation of the output power under the capricious solar irradiation. In this study, the evaluation methods of the ES-DSSC performances were investigated toward their practical use under various illumination conditions. The ES-DSSCs were found to be able to work even under low light intensity. Unlike conventional DSSC array, the ES-DSSC array coupled in a series connection gave a stable output voltage when one of the cells or both cells were shadowed.

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Trial production of γ-type energy filtering TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139391 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 604-605

Author(s):

Y. Taniguchi ◽

E. Nakazawa ◽

S. Taya

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Energy ◽

Electron Optics ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Mass Spectrometers ◽

Ion Optics ◽

Energy Filtering ◽

New Information ◽

New Type ◽

Fringing Fields

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.

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