scholarly journals The researching of information inequality in the market of information services

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4(57)) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Natalia Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Inequality

The object of research is information inequality. Information inequality is seen as a socio-economic problem that can be solved with the help of confident actions of the state. Data analysis confirmed the problem of the «digital divide» at the global and regional levels. The transformation of the information services market depends on the quality of the Internet. The growing number of Internet users is a global tendency, but at the regional level it is possible to see clear differences, which creates problems for obtaining quality educational, financial and professional services. Both negative and positive consequences of information inequality are considered. Along with the growing importance of modern information technologies and services in society, inequality between certain segments of the population is growing. Some people for various reasons may have restrictions on access to information, knowledge, information services, new digital products and modern technologies, while others may not have similar restrictions on access to them. The study found that the market for information services is specific in terms of protection of intellectual property rights. Aspects that would contribute to strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights to information services and products, information security are provided. Negative transactional externalities occur in the market of information services precisely when there is a decrease in information security due to violation of intellectual property rights by one person in relation to another, causing the last damage. To reduce the burden of transaction costs on market participants in information services, the directions of reducing transaction costs at the national level are substantiated. In all countries of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue of information inequality. The study presents the principles for overcoming digital inequality.

scholarly journals Innovation IT-Payment Technologies as a Know-how and an Object of Intellectual Property Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 518-535
Author(s):  
Ernest Gramatskyy ◽  
Inha Kryvosheyina ◽  
Volodymyr Makoda ◽  
Liydmyla Panova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Know How ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
System Method

The modern society necessitates the introduction of new IT-solutions to meet its needs. With the spread of know-how, the need for its detailed analysis with the further determination of the direction of development. The purpose is to carry out an analysis of the introduction and functioning of know-how, as well as to determine the vectors of its use, taking into account the needs of participants in legal relations arising in this area. The subject of research – information technologies (know-how) as objects of intellectual property rights in their use. The methodological basis consists of the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the dialectical method, the comparative-legal method, the system method, and the logical-legal method. The result of this work is to identify the importance of the information technologies in everyday life of modern society and the level of popularity of their use, outlining possible vectors of development in the economics in the direction of digitalization and justification of the need to improve the provisions of current legislation within the considered topic, expressing the idea of the direction of innovative information policy in the direction of active use of blockchain and maximum compliance with the protection of personal data of customers.

Intellectual Property Rights Protection in Cyberspace

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Manjula Raghav ◽  
Nisha Dhanraj Dewani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights Protection ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
Information And Communication

Development and advancement in information technologies have paved the path for many challenges for the intellectual property rights holders. There are several forms of cybercrimes such as pornography, stalking, cyber fraud, cyber terrorism, etc., that are affecting people, hurdling e-commerce, challenging law, and disturbing the channel of information and communication. No doubt that cybercrimes are offences where the computer is the means of the commission of the offence as well as a target of the offence. Apparently, such offences are generated through electronic means where mens rea has no role to play. This unruly horse is creating several problems in the world of intellectual property, which has the capacity to affect global commerce. This chapter will focus on Indian case laws to showcase the interface between IPR and cyberspace. Also the dealing of issues like cybersqatting, cyberbullying, cyber theft will be discussed in order to check the competency of IPR.

Political Framework of the Production and Use of Seeds in Venezuela

2015 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aguilar Castro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Biological Reproduction

Political and legal developments addressed to protect traditional knowledge are the result of huge efforts made by different actors at international and at national level. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge is broadly understood as freely accessible. Intellectual property norms are highly developed and strongly protect some knowledge products that are excluded of public domain, such as new varieties of plants. In light of this situation, political and legal tensions emerge in different countries, especially when it has an impact on areas highly profitable for some industries. This is the case of multinational agricultural companies that act globally by using technologies protected by intellectual property rights, threating traditional expressions applied for the use and conservation of seeds by local communities in different countries. In Venezuela, such tensions are present in the 2002 Law about Seeds, Animal Material and Supplies for Biological Reproduction, which is analyzed in this chapter.

Reducing transaction costs in information infrastructures using FLOSS

First Monday ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Information Infrastructures

Firms, or more generally, organizations, develop and become larger along time, using more and more computers to work. This growth in the number of computers leads to a growth of software use (operating systems and their applications, for example) and, as a result, to the growth in the number of software use/access licenses to be purchased and managed. For the owners of software intellectual property rights, this process leads to a greater supervision of users to regulate lawful access to software. The situation occurs when all of the software used by an organization is proprietary. This results in some costs — transaction costs — that are not usually taken into account by administrators and managers. What happens if FLOSS is used? We will show that this choice leads to a reduction in transaction costs in terms of computation costs and in terms of the number of managed contracts, which can be numerically reduced by half.

scholarly journals Ch.9 Patents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa Carlos Maria
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
National Level ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The World

This chapter explores the issue of patentability. Article 27.1 of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement stipulates that ‘patents shall be available for any inventions’. As with most patent laws in the world, the Agreement does not define what an invention is. The plain wording of Article 27.1 suggests that Members have been left room to define ‘invention’ within their legal systems, in good faith, subject only to the application of the method of interpretation set out by the Vienna Convention. However, the interpretation of the obligation to patent ‘any inventions’ raises many important policy issues, such as the extent to which Members are bound to confer patents over discoveries, particularly over substances found in nature such as genes. Although Members can adopt a more expansive concept at the national level, they are not obliged to grant patents to what is not ordinarily considered an ‘invention’. Thus, they are not obliged to grant patents over genes.

Standardization and Competing Consortia

2011 ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc V. Wegberg
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
End Users ◽  
Coordination Failures ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Competing Technologies

The consortia movement in the standardization world has led to a fragmentation of standardization processes. This fragmentation is partly of a competitive nature, where rival coalitions support competing technologies. A critique on this movement is that it fragments technologies and multiplies the number of standards. The aim of supporting competing technologies may reflect experimentation with different technological paths. It may also, however, reflect differences in intellectual property rights of firms. From a user’s perspective, the competing technologies may represent spurious differences that increase uncertainty, and create transaction costs. The consortia do have a function for end users: Established industry-wide standard development organizations (SDOs) may be slow to act, bureaucratic, and inflexible to changes in users’ needs and new opportunities; consortia speed up the process of standardization. This chapter argues that consortia do indeed tend to correct these coordination failures of the official SDOs. They do so at a cost, however, and because of this, industry-wide SDOs still have a role to play.

scholarly journals Tinjauan terhadap Pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Sumatera Barat No. 9/2014 tentang Serah Simpan Karya Cetak dan Karya Rekam

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Eddy Imanuel Doloksaribu ◽  
Lidwina Maria T ◽  
A Aris Swantoro ◽  
Tisa Windayani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Legal Relation ◽  
The Law

Abstract The effort to acknowledge as well as to protect intellectual works have been done not only in the view of protecting the so-called intellectual property rights but also preserving the works itself. For the later, the attempt is represented in Law No 4/1990 which obligate publishers and recording companies to deposit a stipulated number of copies of their work in determined libraries. This national level policy followed by quite a lot of provinces resulting in the formation of regional regulations concerning the same matter. However, only few of those use criminal law instrument. Since this is a multiperspective research, Regional Regulations of Sumatera Barat No. 9/2014 is deemed to fit the study because it comprises criminal provisions, business law aspects, and also private law issues. This research examines the implementation of the law from three standpoints: i) the implementation of the criminal provisions, ii) how its implementation protects the rights of the owner of the works as well as their benefit from the view of business law, and iii) the private legal relation between the parties of deposit arrangements. The research found that: i) the criminal provisions have not been enforced because the authority has not been equipped by civil investigator; ii) Dinas Kearsipan&Perpustakaan Kota Padang has done full effort in registering the works in order to have them deposited in the library, eventhough constraints related to budget delimitates the attempt. By this reason the protection and benefit for the owner has not been fully achieved; iii) there is neither special agreement nor any arrangement found in the relation between parties.   Keywords: implementation of Perda Sumbar No 9/2014; intellectual works deposite.

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