Features of the development projects for power systems with plasma-chemical elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna S. Burunsuz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Plasma Chemical

scholarly journals ОЦЕНКА ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТИ ПРОЕКТА СОЗДАНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ПО ПЛАЗМОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКЕ УГЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТЕЙ

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Екатерина Сергеевна Бурунсуз
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
International Projects ◽  
The Creation

Successful implementation of international projects for the creation of energy complexes with plasma-chemical treatment of coal into synthesis gas and its using as fuel for gas turbine engines requires large capital investments. In this connection, the use of the Monte Carlo method during assessing the investment feasibility and efficiency of implementation of similar projects in conditions of uncertainties and risks presents applied and scientific interest.The Monte Carlo method makes it possible to use a representative sample of scenarios and not to search through all possible variants of the development of events in the future. The merits include the linear dependence of the number of simulations on the number of financial instruments and the ability to take into account both economic and technical indicators. It is determined that the strategic criteria for the success of the project can prevail in relation to economic and functional-technological, especially in the case of the development of a new environmentally friendly plasma-assisted technology. A theoretical model for estimating the economic efficiency of the project for creation of energy complex using inductive (radio frequency) plasma generators has been developed. Parameters characterizing the economic efficiency of proposed power plant with plasma-chemical gasification of coal are analyzed. The project efficiency depends significantly on the parameters characterizing the investment and discounting conditions. The estimation of economic efficiency of the investment project using plasma-chemical technology on a thermal power station with produced electric power of 3.9 MW is carried out. For the considered project conditions, the calculated average value of the profitability index for a power plant with plasma-chemical gasification of coal for 15 years is equaled 1.19 with a probability of 76%. The developed theoretical models can be used to solve problems of enhancement and optimization of management of international projects for the creation of plasma-chemical elements in conditions of uncertainties and risks

scholarly journals РАЗРАБОТКА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ МОДЕЛИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТОМ СОЗДАНИЯ ПЛАЗМОХИМИЧЕСКИХ УСТРОЙСТВ ДЛЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ УСТАНОВОК

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Екатерина Сергеевна Бурунсуз
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
International Projects ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Initiation Stage

The basic elements of the project management model for the creation of plasma-chemical elements for power plants have been developed. It is shown that the main features of science-intensive projects for the development of energy systems using plasma-chemical elements are: significant complexity of organizational production systems; significant uncertainty of project states and a high probability of risks arising from the influence of factors that cannot be envisaged in the management process; the uniqueness and high cost of the industrial and intellectual resources involved, as well as the problems of cooperation in the context of International projects. A process model for forming the Statute of the project for creation of plasma-chemical devices for power plants was developed to establish information relationships between control processes of one and the different levels, performance indicators, control over their implementation, as well as visualization of processes in the form of detailed subprocesses. The identification of the main risks of project management for the creation of plasma-chemical elements for environmentally friendly power plants in accordance with the life cycle phases has been identified. The risk indicators of projects at macro level, market and project levels have been developed; interconnections and hierarchies between different factors have been established. In order to substantiate the selection of the most significant criteria, a hierarchy analysis method was used, which determined the importance of the criteria for the project team for the creation of a plasma-chemical elements. It has been determined that the own vectors of the criteria are: strategic 39.1%, financial and economic 31%, environmental 16.3%, functional and technological 10.1%, others 3.6%. The developed model takes into account the specific conditions of operation of plasma installations and enables to determine the local and global probabilities of their occurrence at the initiation stage of the project, and also to develop arrangements to minimize their impact on the indicators of the project effectiveness

Nuclear Processes Related to the Ap Stars and the Heaviest Chemical Elements

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
B. Kuchowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Isotopic Shifts ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
R Process ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
Nuclear Processes

SummaryIsotopic shifts in the lines of the heavy elements in Ap stars, and the characteristic abundance pattern of these elements point to the fact that we are observing mainly the products of rapid neutron capture. The peculiar A stars may be treated as the show windows for the products of a recent r-process in their neighbourhood. This process can be located either in Supernovae exploding in a binary system in which the present Ap stars were secondaries, or in Supernovae exploding in young clusters. Secondary processes, e.g. spontaneous fission or nuclear reactions with highly abundant fission products, may occur further with the r-processed material in the surface of the Ap stars. The role of these stars to the theory of nucleosynthesis and to nuclear physics is emphasized.

Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1203
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Botton ◽  
Gilles L'espérance
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

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