scholarly journals Incentives for private innovations – is public support necessary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-139
Author(s):  
Anna Lewczuk ◽  
Jacek Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Innovation Policies

Do firms really need public support in order to offer product and process innovations? Recent articles and professional reports reflect the importance of public support for private innovations. The issue is actual and relevant both from scientific and practical points of view. Public support for actions aimed at developing crucial innovations is an example of creating institutional incentives for the desired behaviour of firms. The question of public support for innovations is critical for ongoing national and international policies in raising the innovativeness of economies. The main goal of the paper is to review the idea of public support for innovativeness and to verify its effects in European countries empirically, by using simple probit and bivariate probit models. This paper aims to provide a systematic analysis of the problem from an institutional perspective. The results of the analysis contribute to a better understanding of the nature of public spending on private innovations and the outcome of such innovation policies. It is also an added value to the discussion over actual public policies which has been so far inconclusive

scholarly journals Instrument policy mix and firm size: is there complementarity between R&D subsidies and R&D tax credits?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Petrin ◽  
Dragana Radicic
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Product And Process

AbstractNowadays, a rising number of evaluations investigates a multifaceted concept of the policy mix. Our study specifically focuses on the mix of two most frequently used supply-side instruments–R&D subsidies and R&D tax credits. Drawing on the longitudinal sample of Spanish manufacturing firms, we investigate whether there is a complementary interaction between these policy instruments with respect to product and process innovations. Moreover, by employing a dynamic random-effects probit estimator, we account for the persistence of innovation and endogeneity of public support. The results, that are separately estimated for SMEs and large firms, uniformly show evidence of no interplay between two policy instruments either in SMEs or large firms. However, among factors that influence the propensity to product and process innovations, by far, the largest effect is generated by true state dependence. These findings provide some policy implications for fostering product and process innovations in the long run.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of public procurement of innovation versus supply-side innovation measures in manufacturing and service sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Radicic
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Product And Process

Abstract Most quantitative evaluations report positive but small effects of supply-side innovation measures. Although the literature suggests that demand-side measures, in particular, public procurement of innovation, might be more effective in stimulating innovation than supply-side measures, empirical evidence on this proposition is scarce. To empirically test this proposition, we utilize the Eurobarometer 2014 survey to estimate the effects from public procurement of innovation as well as from the supply-side innovation measures on product and process innovations in manufacturing and service firms in the USA and Europe. Our findings suggest that the treatment effects of public procurement of innovation are indeed larger than the effects of supply-side public support on product innovation in both manufacturing and service sectors. This finding also holds for process innovation, but only in the service sector. In contrast, in manufacturing firms, the estimated effects on process innovation are only positive and significant in firms receiving public support.

scholarly journals Contextualization of the Bioeconomy Concept through Its Links with Related Concepts and the Challenges Facing Humanity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7746
Author(s):  
Leire Barañano ◽  
Naroa Garbisu ◽  
Itziar Alkorta ◽  
Andrés Araujo ◽  
Carlos Garbisu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Shed Light

The concept of bioeconomy is a topic of debate, confusion, skepticism, and criticism. Paradoxically, this is not necessarily a negative thing as it is encouraging a fruitful exchange of information, ideas, knowledge, and values, with concomitant beneficial effects on the definition and evolution of the bioeconomy paradigm. At the core of the debate, three points of view coexist: (i) those who support a broad interpretation of the term bioeconomy, through the incorporation of all economic activities based on the production and conversion of renewable biological resources (and organic wastes) into products, including agriculture, livestock, fishing, forestry and similar economic activities that have accompanied humankind for millennia; (ii) those who embrace a much narrower interpretation, reserving the use of the term bioeconomy for new, innovative, and technologically-advanced economic initiatives that result in the generation of high-added-value products and services from the conversion of biological resources; and (iii) those who stand between these two viewpoints. Here, to shed light on this debate, a contextualization of the bioeconomy concept through its links with related concepts (biotechnology, bio-based economy, circular economy, green economy, ecological economics, environmental economics, etc.) and challenges facing humanity today is presented.

Bridging the Gender Gap in Employment Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Strohmeyer ◽  
Vartuhi Tonoyan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Occupational Sex Segregation ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Know How ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Apprenticeship Training ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
Product And Process

Analysing 1,055 female- and 2,207 male-owned businesses in Germany, the authors found that the former underperformed compared with the latter in terms of employment growth and firm innovativeness. Controlling for endogeneity, ie feedback effects between employment growth and innovation, it was demonstrated that the lower employment growth in women-owned businesses was mainly due to women's lower commitment to product and process innovations, a phenomenon that is referred to in this study as the ‘female–male innovation gap’. The female–male innovation gap apparently goes back to occupational sex segregation, with women populating occupations and choosing fields of study or apprenticeship training that are less technical or technology-oriented and thus less likely to provide them with important resources (eg technical know-how) and favourable conditions needed for the development and implementation of product and process innovations.

scholarly journals The Innovative Response of Cultural and Creative Industries to Major European Societal Challenges: Toward a Knowledge and Competence Base

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13267
Author(s):  
Christer Gustafsson ◽  
Elisabetta Lazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
International Policies ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Societal Challenge ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
The Eu

In this paper we highlight the importance of culture, cultural heritage and creative industries (CCI) in current European policies in relation to a number of societal challenges, and how the CCI are called to innovatively respond to such challenges. We distinguish four main societal challenges to which the CCI can strategically respond and significantly unlock the potential for innovation and smart growth in the EU. These societal challenges are addressed by four main pillars of the CCI, namely: (1) Europeans’ creativity, cultural diversity and values; (2) European identity and cohesion; (3) European employment, economic resilience and smart growth; and (4) Europe’s external relations. We address each societal challenge from the CCI perspective, indicating how the CCI can provide innovative responses to such challenges and enable strategic crossovers through networking and collaboration, but also referring to some criticalities. We further discuss how this CCI capacity needs public support and provide an overview of how this is undertaken via the main EU, national and international policies, with a focus on the latest trends.

Investigating the efficacy of isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green manufacturing practices and its influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Senyo Kwasi Acquah ◽  
Dacosta Essel ◽  
Charles Baah ◽  
Yaw Agyabeng-Mensah ◽  
Ebenezer Afum
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Organizational Legitimacy ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Procurement ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Isomorphic Pressures

PurposeThe need to engage in manufacturing practices that promote environmental sustainability has shifted from being optional to mandatory. From the perspectives of institutional and stakeholder theories, this paper captures the efficacy of isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green procurement, green product and process innovations and their respective influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance in the context of an emerging economy and from the perspective of manufacturing small-and medium-sized enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a survey research design, a quantitative approach and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique in making data analysis and interpretations due to its suitability for predictive research models.FindingsAnalysis of the results highlighted the fact that the composite impact of coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphic pressures robustly influenced the adoption of green procurement, green product and process innovations. Simultaneously, green procurement, green product and process innovations significantly influenced organizational legitimacy. Green procurement and green product innovation also significantly influenced financial performance unlike green process innovation that had an insignificant yet positive impact on financial performance. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are explained for policy makers, managers, government authorities and owners.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to expose isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green manufacturing practices specifically, green procurement, green product and process innovations and their influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance in the context of Ghana, an emerging economy and from the perspective of small-and medium-sized enterprises. As such, the study provides guidance to relevant industry authorities and stakeholders in further promoting green manufacturing practices that preserve the environment by producing safer consumer products through efficient green procurement, green product and process innovative practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document