scholarly journals Assessment of fungi and viruses in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Da Lat, Lam Dong province

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-691
Author(s):  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Hoang Dac Khai ◽  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Le Van Thuc ◽  
Le The Bien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
Phoma Herbarum ◽  
Disease Free

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), a high economic value crop, was brought to Vietnam by the French in the late 19th century. The artichoke was mainly planted in Lam Dong, Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc provinces, etc. At present, the disease situation of Artichoke plants and the lack of disease-free seedlings result in insufficient source of Artichoke for producers. Artichoke plants are mainly vegetative propagation and pathogens easily transferred from mother to daughter plants. Therefore, low propagation rate and fungal infection are two main factors hindering the expansion and development of Artichoke cultivation (in Lam Dong). Therefore, studying and evaluating the situation of fungi and viruses as well as establishing the in vitro propagation procedures in order to produce high number of disease-free seedlings are urgent for the current Artichoke shortage. In this study, samples of purple and white Artichoke varieties, which suspected fungal manifestations, were collected to assessment of fungi and viruses in artichoke. In addition, in vitro propagation by cultivating apical meristem was applied to produce disease-free seedlings. The recorded results showed that, 19 strains of mold were identified on purple and white Artichoke belonged to nine genera including Mucor (M. sp., M. circinelloides, M. fragilis, M. irregularis, and M. racemosus), Alternaria (Alternaria sp., A. alterinata, A. gaisen, A. tenuissima, and A. tillandsiae), Fusarium (F. acuminatum and F. solani), Cylindrobasidium (Cylindrobasidium sp1 and Cylindrobasidium sp2), Actinomucor elegans, Curvalaria clavata, Plectosphaerella oligotrophica, Phoma herbarum, Rhizomucor variabillis; meanwhile, the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was isolated only purple Artichoke. Shoot explants obtained from apical meristem culture were completely disease-free and used for micropropagation at the next stage.

Brassinolide on In Vitro Growth of Apical Meristem of Bananas

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORENDA C. BALLESTEROS-TEMANEL
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
New Class ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Growth Substances

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are new class of hormones noted to perform multiplephysiological functions in plant growth and development and have the potentialof influencing cell and tissue growth in vitro. Many naturally occurring BRs,including brassinolide, have been discovered, their mode of action and their growthpromoting activities on plants. The use of brassinolide in in vitro propagation isnew. The Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium was used as basal medium. Plantgrowth regulators - IAA, BA and BR - were added to the medium. The study usedthe Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in factorial with three replications.The cultivar of banana and plant growth substances affected the number of budsproduced, shoot length, root length, and stem girth. The interaction of thesetwo factors (cultivar x PGR) influenced the number of buds produced in vitroand the shoot length of the meriplants. The study shows that brassinolide has aninfluence on shoot induction, proliferation, and elongation of bananas in in vitro propagation.Keywords: Agriculture, in vitro propagation, induction, proliferation, elongation, apical meristem, plant growth regulators, cultivars, Isabela, Philippines

scholarly journals Sanitization of potato varieties from the VIR collection against viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
E. S. Bespalova ◽  
M. M. Agakhanov ◽  
S. B. Arkhimandritova ◽  
M. V. Erastenkova ◽  
Yu. V. Uhatova
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Potato Collection

Background. VIR’s potato collection is one of the oldest and richest; however, it is constantly exposed to viruses that negatively affect useful agronomic properties of tubers. Close monitoring of the phytosanitary state of potato accessions helps to select the most effective method of therapy for subsequent healing of infected plants and obtaining high-quality planting material.Materials and methods. The research was aimed at improving the health of 18 varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. from the VIR collection. Testing for the presence of viruses was based on the ICA and RTPCR techniques, and the consequent healing was performed using the methods of meristem culture and cryotherapy.Results and conclusions. During the field test of potato plants, PVX, PVS and PVA were found to be the most common viruses. PSTVd was completely absent in all tested accessions. The effectiveness of in vitro healing of potato plants from viruses was assesses using meristem culture. The percentage of healed plants was 0% for PVS, 0% for PVX, 33.4% for PVA, 50% for PLRV, 72.3% for PVY, and 83.4% for PVM. Healing with meristem culture was shown to be the most effective against PVY and PVM. While assessing the effectiveness of post-cryogenic restoration of potato microplants, the level of post-cryogenic regeneration of the shoot tips in potato microplants was determined at 22.3% on average for a sample. The minimum was observed in k-16762 ‘Sagita N’ (5%), and the maximum in k-1378 ‘Marta’ (41.7%). Analysis of the effectiveness of potato recovery from viruses by in vitro cryotherapy showed that the percentage of recovered plants was 100% for PVY, 100% for PVA, 88.9% for PVM, 77.8% for PVS, 44.4% for PVX. Thus, the techniques of apical meristem culture and cryotherapy proved to be effective against PVY, PVA and PVM viruses. However, in the case of multiple infections, it is necessary to combine elements of different healing protocols to increase the effectiveness of the healing procedure. 

scholarly journals Concentrations of cytokinin and the use of agricultural residues in the in vitro propagation media of highbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Carla Nadal ◽  
Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽  
Dianini Brum Frölech ◽  
Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Cari Rejane Fiss Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Rice Husks

ABSTRACT: The objective of the research was to evaluate cytokinin concentrations and agricultural residues as physical structuring agents of the culture medium in the in vitro propagation of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Duke’). To that end, three different concentrations of 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) (0, 5, and 10 mg L-1)in woody plant medium (WPM) and five structuring agents (in natura rice husks, carbonized rice husks, coconut fiber, S-10 Beifort®, and agar)were tested. After 60days of culture, the following parameters were evaluated: survival (%),sprout and shoot lengths (cm),propagation rate, number of sprouts, and shoot dry mass (g). The substrates used as structuring agents were analyzed in terms of pH and electrical conductivity. The in natura rice husk, S-10 Beifort®, and carbonized rice husk did not differ from the agar in terms of the sprout length. The shoots were longer (1.64 cm) in cultures within natura rice husk than in other treatments. In the absence of 2iP, S-10 Beifort® resulted in the highest propagation rate (2.97). Concerning the number of sprouts, S-10 Beifort®, in natura rice husks, and carbonized rice husks did not differ from agar. However, when the regulator was added, the agar performed better in comparison to the other residues. Thus, in natura rice husks, carbonized rice husks, and S-10 Beifort®are potential physical structuring agents of the culture medium that can be used without 2iP.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration of pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) through shoot apical meristem

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Haque ◽  
D Rezwana ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
B Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Indirect Regeneration

Context: Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is very important vegetable crop. It is damaged by several types of diseases, especially viral diseases which reduce the total yield of pumpkin. This is very difficult problem and such type of problem can be overcome by meristem culture. Objectives: To develop suitable protocols for indirect regeneration of pumpkin plant through shoot apical meristem.   Materials and Methods: Meristems were isolated from 15-21 days in vivo grown plants by collecting shoot tips and were prepared (0.2-0.5 mm) under 4X zoom stereo-microscope remaining two leaves primordia. Inoculation of explants was made singly per culture vessel in semisolid MS fortified with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinin and auxin.   Results: Among different concentrations, 1.0 mg/l BAP showed best response for callus induction. Calli were sub cultured for shoot formation in MS containing BAP singly or combination with GA3 and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA3 gave better result. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted well in ½ strength MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA and micro plants were acclimatized successfully in natural condition.   Conclusion: Indirect regeneration of pumpkin plants through shoot apical meristem has been established.   Keywords: Growth regulators; in vitro regeneration; Pumpkin; Cucurbita maxima. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8784 JBS 2010; 18(0): 104-107

IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FICUS CARICA L. VAR. BURSA SIYAHI THROUGH MERISTEM CULTURE

1998 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Demiralay ◽  
Y. Yalçin-Mendi ◽  
Y. Aka-Kaçar ◽  
S. Çetiner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Meristem Culture
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