scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF SELECTED WATER COMPANIES IN VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5A) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Viet-Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

Performance indicators of water supply company can provide important information of its service quality and business efficiency, and be intelligent basis for decision making process. The authors have analyzed key performance indicators of 19 selected municipal water supply systems in Vietnam, including operation and design capacities, treated water quality, unit investment cost, water tariff, non-revenue water (NRW) ratio, and energy consumption rate. The average NRW of the 19 systems was 12.6% which was lower than country-wide value of 21%. The energy consumption rate of selected systems was ranging from 0.16 to 0.5KWh/m3, in average 0.3KWh/m3, which was also lower than country average of 0.35KWh/m3, whereas the rate of energy consumption in municipal water systems in China, USA, Australia, Chile, Canada was ranging from 0.1 to 1.33KWh/m3, depending on ground elevation, transfer distance, influent water quality, and applied technologies for water treatment and transportation. The selected water systems have applied improved treatment technologies such as mechanized coagulation-flocculation, lamella settling tank, dual media sand filter, combined contact clarifier with lamella plates, etc. The average treated water turbidity was ≤0.5NTU. The domestic water tariff of the selected systems was within the country range, from USD0.2 to 0.4/m3. Further, the authors have indicated correlation between selected performance indicators, such as energy consumption rate and non-revenue water ratio. The analytical results shown performance indicators of top water companies in Vietnam were in fairly good position compared to others, but improvements were still needed. Reduction of NRW ratio and keeping it at a low value are other challenges requiring water utility efforts.

Adaptive Duty Cycle Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Anand Babu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocol ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Idle Listening ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

<p>To increase the network lifetime of WSNs is a major concern. Network lifetime can be increased by reducing energy consumptions through MAC protocols periodic and a- periodic sleep mode mechanisms. The short duty cycle makes sensors have low energy consumption rate but increases the transmission delay and long duty cycle makes the sensor to increase the energy consumption and reduce the delay. Duty cycle need to be adaptively varied to reduce the idle listening. In the proposed Adaptive Duty cycle MAC (ADMAC) protocol, duty cycle is varied by taking nodes rate of energy consumption and filled queue length in account. It reduces the delay and energy spent by reducing the idle listening. ADMAC is realized in NS2 and its performance is compared with SMAC.</p>

Water quality management in the coastal city in the period of considerable water consumption decrease

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
R. Bogdanowicz ◽  
J. Drwal ◽  
Z. Maksymiuk ◽  
A. Osinski
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Companies

Gdansk water supply system belongs among the oldest in Continental Europe. In 1992 one of the first joint-venture water companies was established in the city. Under a contract concluded between the firm and the municipality, the company was obliged to secure quick and considerable improvement of drinking water quality. At the same time a considerable water consumption decrease was observed. The drop entails new environmental, technical and economic problems. The biggest threat to the supplies of safe and good quality water is the phenomenon of secondary pollution of water resulting from the overdimensioning of the water supply network. Positive aspects of water consumption decrease are related to the opportunity of more rational and sustainable water resources management. The solutions adopted in Gdansk can serve as a starting point for working out the best model for water quality management in the coastal cities.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATE OF OFFICE BUILDINGS BY THE TYPE OF HEAT SOURCE EQUIPMENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (43) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Yorimasa IKI ◽  
Satoshi SUDO ◽  
Hiroshi YOSHINO ◽  
Shuzo MURAKAMI ◽  
Kazuaki BOGAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

scholarly journals Deeds not words: Performance and management analysis of community water supply system at Pasthali, Kavre, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
R. Dongol ◽  
M. Khadka ◽  
R.P. Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Filtration Unit

The study was carried out to assess the performance and management analysis of Pasthali Water Supply System. Various data collection tools such as questionnaire survey, field observation and key informant interviews were used along with water quality analysis at the source, treatment plants, point of delivery and use. The filter bed media analysis was also carried out to assess the uniformity in the bed media. Mcrobial contamination in treated water was found due to improper sand granular used in filtration unit that hinder efficient removal of the microbes, lack of chlorination in the unit caused increase in microbial contamination at the point of delivery along with the unhygienic environment at the distribution tanks. Manual chlorine addition for three days was found to be effective in reducing microbial contamination drastically, but the water is recontaminated once delivered and stored at the household level. Improper handling and unhygienic storage location were found to be the major causes of increased contamination at households. The status of the water source is not safe either and seeks intermediate attention. The operation and management of Pasthali Water Supply System solely depends on water tariff and bears financial loss annually. The study also concludes that there is surplus of treated water termed as non-revenue water in the system. Proper granulation of the sand in the filtration unit and chlorination are must to ensure the safe water along with the awareness on the water management at the household levels. Supplying of non-revenue water to the nearby villages could be a potential to generate resources that ultimately strengthen financial aspects of the system and build resilience to financially break-down in the future.

scholarly journals Primary energy consumption for insulating

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 06008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Terekh ◽  
Darya Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

In this article a mathematical model for thermal protection level analysis is developed. It is based on the consumption rate of primary energy. It allows to calculate the relevant thickness of the selected insulation material under any climatic and economic conditions with any constant layers of building envelope taken from structural considerations. The key factors influencing the model are also evaluated. The main factors to influence the energy model are the region degree-days and the energy consumption rate for the production, transportation and installation of the insulation material. The following results were reached: this approach requires the data, which sometimes has no public access, provides us with an objective assessment criteria when comparing the level of building thermal protection in different countries.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE ESTIMATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATE OF ACCOMMODATION BUILDINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (683) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorimasa IKI ◽  
Satoshi SUDO ◽  
Hiroshi YOSHINO ◽  
Shuzo MURAKAMI ◽  
Kazuaki BOGAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate
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