Review of Research Literature on Interruptions and Performance for Hospital Design: Hospital and Office Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Hyun-Bo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Expanding the Level of Technological Readiness for a Low-Cost Vertical Hydroponic System

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Juan D. Borrero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
And Performance

Climate and social changes are deeply affecting current agro-food systems. Unsustainable agricultural practices and the low profitability of small farmers are challenging the agricultural development of rural areas. This study aims to develop a novel, modular and low-cost vertical hydroponic farm system through reviews of the patented literature, research literature and variants of commercial products. After a detailed conceptualization process, a prototype was fabricated and tested at my university to validate its technology readiness level (TRL). The outcomes supported the usability and performance of the present utility model but highlighted several changes that are necessary before it can pass to the next TRL. This study shows that the prototype has the potential to not only solve food sovereignty but also to benefit society by advancing the innovations in food production and improving quality of life.

scholarly journals Performance effects of privatisation: an empirical analysis of telecommunication companies in Germany and Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Andreas Bartels ◽  
Pablo Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Organisational Change ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Privatisation Process ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Laws And Policies

Abstract The privatisation of state-owned companies is still on the agenda of many governments worldwide. One often stated goal in the privatisation process is the increase of efficiency of the company. The question is which factors do lead to an increase in efficiency and performance of a privatised company. Where are the fundamental differences between public and private companies in this respect? One goal of this paper is also to determine if other or additional variables influence the efficiency of privatised companies in transitional countries - in contrast to developed economies. Based on the research literature, a model was developed that displays all major forces and effects in the privatisation process. Two case studies of telecommunications companies in Germany and Romania are utilised to verify the model. It is expected that privatisation will lead to an increase of efficiency, but that the main thrust derives from competition. Regulation and organisational change will typically also increase the efficiency of the company. The variables “laws and policies” and “economic condition” are of special importance for privatisations in transition economies.

Problem Definition and the Policy Process: Wicked Problems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Head
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inclusive Processes ◽  
Policy And Planning

In the early 1970s, Rittel and Webber asserted that conventional approaches to scientific analysis and rational planning were inadequate for guiding practitioners and researchers who were tackling complex and contested social problems—which they termed “wicked” problems. The full implications of this challenging critique of rational policy planning were not elaborated at that time, but the underlying issues have attracted increasing attention and debate in later decades. Policy analysts, academic researchers, and planning practitioners have continued to grapple with the claim that conventional scientific-technical approaches might be insufficient and even misleading as a basis for understanding and responding to complex social issues. This is paradoxical in the modern era, which has been attracted to notions of evidence-based policymaking, policy evaluation, and performance-based public management. Scholarly discussion has continued to evolve concerning methods for addressing highly contested arenas of policy and planning. One key proposition is that citizens and key stakeholders tend to have conflicting perceptions about the nature of particular social “problems” and will thus have different views about appropriate responses or “solutions.” A related proposition is that these disputes are anchored in differing values and perceptions, which are not able to be adjudicated and settled by empirical science, but require inclusive processes of argumentation and conflict resolution among stakeholders. Hence, several kinds of knowledge—lay and expert, civic and professional—need to be brought together in order to develop transdisciplinary “usable knowledge.” As the research literature produces a richer array of comparative case analyses, it may become feasible to construct a more nuanced understanding of the conditions underlying various kinds of wicked problems in social policy and planning. In the meantime, generalized and indiscriminate use of the term wicked problems is not helpful for delineating the nature of the challenges faced and appropriate remedial actions.

The Influence of Expertise on Aesthetics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kozbelt
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Aesthetic Response ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Aesthetic Cognition ◽  
And Performance

This chapter reviews how expertise impacts aesthetic experience and cognition. It first lays out some well-established methods and findings from the extensive research literature on expertise and expert performance and discusses how these relate to empirical aesthetics. Next, it describes general psychological mechanisms and models of aesthetic processing, emphasizing the potential role of expertise in modulating aesthetic cognition within such models. Since expertise is highly domain-specific, the chapter then proceeds sequentially through a range of aesthetic domains: visual art, design, architecture, photography, music, dance, writing, acting, and film. In each case, behavioral measures (self-report and performance indices) and neuroscientific findings are considered where available. When possible, the chapter discusses not only aesthetic response but also performance and creativity as aspects vital for understanding expertise and its effects in aesthetic domains. After reviewing the aforementioned domains individually, the concluding section attempts to integrate these points by highlighting consistent patterns of results and by briefly considering a few unresolved conceptual issues.

scholarly journals Mediators of change in healthcare organisations subject to external assessment: a systematic review with narrative synthesis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e038850
Author(s):  
Einar Hovlid ◽  
Geir Sverre Braut ◽  
Einar Hannisdal ◽  
Kieran Walshe ◽  
Oddbjørn Bukve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
External Assessment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mediators Of Change ◽  
The Way

ObjectivesExternal inspections are widely used to improve the quality of care. The effects of inspections remain unclear and little is known about how they may work. We conducted a narrative synthesis of research literature to identify mediators of change in healthcare organisations subject to external inspections.MethodsWe performed a literature search (1980–January 2020) to identify empirical studies addressing change in healthcare organisations subject to external inspection. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we performed a narrative synthesis to identify mediators of change.ResultsWe included 95 studies. Accreditation was the most frequent type of inspection (n=68), followed by statutory inspections (n=19), and external peer review (n=9). Our findings suggest that the regulatory context in which the inspections take place affect how they are acted on by those being inspected. The way inspections are conducted seem to be critical for how the inspection findings are perceived and followed up. Inspections can engage and involve staff, facilitate leader engagement, improve communication and enable the creation of new networks for reflection on clinical practice. Inspections can contribute to creating an awareness of the inspected organisation’s current practice and performance gaps, and a commitment to change. Moreover, they can contribute to facilitating the planning and implementation of change, as well as self-evaluation and the use of data to evaluate performance.ConclusionsExternal inspections can affect different mediators of organisational change. The way and to what extent they do depend on a range of factors related to the outer setting, the way inspections are conducted and how they are perceived and acted on by the inspected organisation. To improve the quality of care, the organisational change processes need to involve and impact the way care is delivered to the patients.

Lighting in Submarines

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
D. C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Control Rooms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Night Illumination ◽  
Second World

AbstractSince the Second World War, the standard night-time illumination in RN submarine control rooms and adjacent spaces has been red lighting, because of its perceived advantage in dark adaption. Red light is, however, unpopular and has been shown to be detrimental to the performance of other control room tasks. In recent years evidence has emerged from the United States and other Navies that the advantage of red lighting over white lighting in terms of dark adaptation is insignificant at very low intensities. In this paper the research literature is reviewed and the findings related to current lighting practice in RN submarines. At the low levels of control room night illumination, there is minimal practical difference in the time taken for the periscope operator to dark adapt between red and white lighting. In view of the benefits to morale and performance offered by low level white lighting, it should replace red lighting for night use in submarine control rooms.

Cross-Country Generalizability of the Role of Metacognitive Knowledge in Students’ Strategy Use and Reading Competence

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Cordula Artelt ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Metacognitive Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Performance

Background/Context Because metacognitive knowledge includes knowledge about adequate learning strategies, and because an effective use of learning strategies is associated with higher levels of performance, substantial relationships can be assumed between metacognitive knowledge, strategic behavior, and performance. However, such a pattern of results is rarely found in the research literature. In part, this may be due to inadequate indicators of strategy use. Purpose of study Prior research showed that high scores on self-reported strategy use were only mirrored in high levels of performance when students had sufficient metacognitive knowledge. To test the cross-country generalizability of the relationship between metacognitive knowledge, strategy use, and reading competence, we analyzed data from the PISA 2009-study, in which similar measures of metacognitive knowledge as well as of students’ strategy use were used. Research Design The study uses a cross-sectional correlational design. It draws on representative samples of fifteen-year-old students from 34 OECD countries taking part in the PISA 2009 study. The relations between students’ reading competence scores, their metacognitive knowledge as well as their self-reported use of learning strategies were analyzed. We used correlations, mediation, as well as moderator regression analyses to predict students’ reading competence. Findings/Results Results showed consistently moderate to high correlations between metacognitive knowledge and reading competence. There were also lower, but still significant, relationships between strategy use and both reading competence and metacognitive knowledge. Testing a “mediator model” with strategy use as a mediator resulted in small but significant effects of strategy use as mediator. Assuming that metacognitive knowledge might be a necessary precondition for effective strategy use, the study tested whether it served as a moderator. Results confirmed this moderator effect for many but not all countries. However, across all countries, there was a consistently high effect of metacognitive knowledge on reading competence, independent of the level of self-reported use of strategies. Conclusions/Recommendations The results are very similar across countries. Taken together, the findings suggest that metacognitive knowledge as measured by a test tapping declarative, conditional and relational strategy knowledge is an important predictor of students’ reading competence, and contributes significantly to our understanding of what helps students to become better readers. Metacognitive knowledge captures the prerequisite of adaptive strategic processing of texts. Increasing students’ knowledge in this domain is a promising approach when it comes to fostering self-regulated reading.

Effects of Participation on Performance and Satisfaction: Additional Meta-Analytic Evidence

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Wagner ◽  
Jeffrey A. LePine
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
And Performance

Stimulated by recent debate, this study investigated whether prior research supports the statement that different forms of participation have different effects on performance and satisfaction in the workplace. Using a collection of 75 correlations drawn from published analyses, a meta-analysis using random effects procedures indicated that relationships between participation and performance reported in the research literature are similar in size and direction across different types of participation. Meta-analytic results also indicated similarity in the size and direction of relationships between participation and satisfaction across different forms of participation and suggested that effect size statistics published in research on participation and performance are generally similar to those reported in studies of participation and satisfaction. These findings differ from the results of another recent meta-analysis and from those of several previous literature reviews but support the primary conclusions of an earlier meta-analytic assessment.

scholarly journals BEYOND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS: ISSUES OF INTERACTION, PRESENCE, AND PERFORMANCE IN AN ONLINE COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Picciano
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Institutional Performance Measures ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
And Performance

The research literature on Web-based learning supports the assumption that interaction is important for a successful course, yet questions exist regarding the nature and extent of the interaction and its effects on student performance. Much of the research is based on student perceptions of the quality and quantity of their interactions and how much they have learned in an online course. The purpose of this study is to examine performance in an online course in relationship to student interaction and sense of presence in the course. Data on multiple independent (measures of interaction and presence) and dependent (measures of performance) variables were collected and subjected to analysis. An attempt was made to go beyond typical institutional performance measures such as grades and withdrawal rates and to examine measures specifically related to course objectives.

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