scholarly journals GM2-gangliosidosis, type I (Tay – Sachs disease) in the pediatrician practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Zhurkova ◽  
Nato D. Vashakmadze ◽  
Natella V. Sukhanova ◽  
Olga B. Gordeeva ◽  
Natalia S. Sergienko ◽  
...  

Background. GM2-gangliosidosis, type I (Tay-Sachs disease) is rare hereditary disease caused by mutations in the HEXA gene encoding the alpha subunit of lysosomal hexosaminidase A. It leads to accumulation of GM2-ganglioside in lysosomes and cell death. The major clinical signs of this disease are regression of motor and psychoverbal skills, progressive macrocephaly, diffuse muscle hypotension, convulsive disorder. Almost all patients with this disease have the “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye.Clinical case description. We show clinical description of the patient with disease manifested with the lesion of visual analyzer. The child was sent for geneticist’s consultation due to revealed ophthalmic picture of the “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye. Molecular genetic testing has revealed in the patient c.1274_1278 dupTATC (CI 880091) mutation in homozygous state in HEXA gene.Concllusion. Differential diagnosis of this disease should be performed with other diseases from the group of inherited metabolic diseases associated with early regression of psychomotor skills, progressive vision loss, “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye and convulsive disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 1766-1769
Author(s):  
Aazim A. Siddiqui ◽  
Allen O. Eghrari

Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S836-S837
Author(s):  
Juliana Mejia- Mertel ◽  
Juan P Rojas -Hernandez

Abstract Background The Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), affects around ten to twenty million people worldwide, predominantly in intertropical regions (Africa, Japan, Melanesia, Australia, and South America Pacific Coast). The most common disorders associated are T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ALT) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Studies have reported other clinical manifestations in HTLV-1, still studies are needed in pediatric population to improve diagnosis and treatment of infected patients. Methods Descriptive, retrospective cohort study, conducted in our referral pediatric hospital in Cali, Colombia. Included pediatric patients (1 to 18 years of age) diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection, between January 2017 to March 2020. Results Twelve patients were included, seven males and five females. Eleven patients were from and resided in the Colombian Pacific coast. Ten patients showed nutritional deficiencies. None showed clinical or laboratory signs of ALT, neither neurological symptoms or physical exam suggesting HAM. In terms of associated diseases and opportunistic infections, none had a positive HIV ELISA test, and stool tests were all negative for Strongiloydes. Four presented infective dermatitis, and two showed lesions suggesting scabies. Eight patients presented respiratory symptoms with chest CT scans showing signs of chronic inflammation, bronchiectasis, and subpleural bullae as the major findings. Additional tests were carried out in bronchoalveolar fluid, four had positive galactomannan test,suggesting pulmonary aspergillosis, two exhibited positive gene PCR testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Regarding inflammatory diseases, one patient presented with symptoms of Inflammatory Bowl Disease, with biopsy confirming Crohn’s disease. Another patient presente abrupt vision loss, diagnosed with Vogt Koyanagi Hadara Syndrome after ophthalmological evaluation. Summary features HTLV-1 patients Ground-glass opacity diffusely distributed in both lungs with multiple bronchiectasis involving predominantly lung bases. Cystic images diffusely distributed in both lungs, some subpleural and other centrilobular. Conclusion It is important to consider alternative manifestations of HTLV-1 infection in the pediatric population, including pulmonary disease, opportunistic co-infections, and inflammatory disorders. It is crucial to diagnose this disease in childhood to reach a better control of this neglected infection that affects predominantly vulnerable population in low-income countries. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Sutherland ◽  
J. D. Almeida ◽  
P. S. Gardner ◽  
M. Skarpa ◽  
J. Stanton

During 1983 a severe episode of respiratory infection occurred in a marmoset colony at these laboratories. Of 91 marmosets, 69 showed clinical signs of disease, one died and nine were so ill that euthanasia was necessary. Eight were examined post mortem and all showed consolidation of the lungs. Laboratory studies were carried out in an attempt to establish the cause of the outbreak and an interstitial pneumonia was found in seven animals which were examined histologically. Direct electron microscopy of nasal swabs and lung samples revealed the presence of a high titre of a paramyxovirus, and subsequent immunofluorescence studies established that the particular paramyxovirus involved was parainfluenza virus type I. Subsequent studies showed that surviving affected animals had seroconverted to parainfluenza I virus while animals that had not been implicated in the outbreak had not.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-860
Author(s):  

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism such as phenylketonuria, maternal phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia, isovaleric acidemia and other disorders of leucine metabolism, glutaric acidemia type I and tyrosinemia types I and II, and urea cycle disorders are rare diseases that are treatable by diet. Treatment might include the restriction of one or more amino acids, the restriction of total nitrogen, or the supplementation of specific substances. Untreated, these diseases culminate in severe mental retardation or death. Once diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of amino acid and urea cycle disorders must be carefully monitored by a physician with expertise in metabolic diseases. Special medical foods, commercially available, are indispensable for the active, ongoing treatment of diagnosed amino acid and urea cycle disorders. Special medical foods would, if used as the sole dietary source, represent a hazard to affected and healthy children. US Public Law (Publ L) 100-290 defines the term medical food as ". . . a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation."1 After passage of Publ L 100-290, many states provided funding for these products through Medicaid, and most states offered assistance through Crippled Children's and Women, Infant, and Children's programs. Some states now have laws mandating private insurance coverage for special medical foods. It is the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics that special medical foods that are used in the treatment of amino acid and urea cycle disorders are medical expenses that should be reimbursed.


1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Steinman ◽  
B. R. Tharp ◽  
L. J. Dorfman ◽  
L. S. Forno ◽  
R. L. Sogg ◽  
...  

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Federico Baronio ◽  
Stefano Zucchini ◽  
Francesco Zulian ◽  
Mariacarolina Salerno ◽  
Rossella Parini ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives: Diagnostic delay is common in attenuated Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS Ia) due to the rarity of the disease and the variability of clinical presentation. Short stature and impaired growth velocity are frequent findings in MPS Ia, but they rarely raise suspicion as paediatric endocrinologists are generally poorly trained to detect earlier and milder clinical signs of this condition. Materials and Methods: Following a consensus-based methodology, a multidisciplinary panel including paediatric endocrinologists, paediatricians with expertise in metabolic disorders, radiologists, and rheumatologists shared their experience on a possible clinical approach to the diagnosis of MPS Ia in children with short stature or stunted growth. Results: The result was the formation of an algorithm that illustrates how to raise the suspicion of MPS Ia in a patient older than 5 years with short stature and suggestive clinical signs. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm may represent a useful tool to improve the awareness of paediatric endocrinologists and reduce the diagnostic delay for patients with MPS Ia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Z.V. Zyukina ◽  
T.A. Lobaeva

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the scientific literature does not have sufficient data on the predisposition of certain ethnic groups of people to metabolic diseases on the example of GM2 gangliosidosis, so the purpose of the work is to clarify and analyze this predisposition of some ethnic groups of people to Tey — Sachs disease (GM2 gangliosidosis, amaurotic idiocy). The research materials and methods are a scientific and analytical review of modern publications on this topic. Research result: a review of the scientific literature has shown that the Jewish population of Eastern European origin (Ashkenazi Jews) has a higher incidence of TaySachs disease and other lipid accumulation diseases. Conclusions: the frequency of hereditary metabolic diseases ranges from 1: 2000 newborns to 1:1000000, and many of these diseases are characterized by differences in the frequency of occurrence in different ethnic groups and populations. In relation to GM2 gangliosidosis, it is shown that 1 in 27-30 Ashkenazi Jews in the United States is a recessive carrier of this disease. BTS affects 1 in 3,600 newborn Jews. One in 20 Jews have a hereditary predisposition to the disease.


1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Minagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Yasuda ◽  
Yasuyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroo Niimi

Minagawa M, Yasuda T, Kobayashi Y, Niimi H. Transient pseudohypoparathyroidism of the neonate. Eur J Endocrinol 1995:133:151–5. ISSN 0804–4643 We report three neonates with transient hypoparathyroidism with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to clarify further the pathogenesis of late neonatal hypocalcemia and calcium homeostasis. Clinical signs were seizures starting at the age of 10 and 11 days. The biochemical features were characterized by transient hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to a high transport maximum of the phosphate/glomerular filtration rate, despite high PTH levels. All had normal magnesium and calcidiol levels (at least 5 μg/l) for their age, and this precludes hypoparathyroidism due to low magnesium levels and hyperparathyroidism due to overt vitamin D deficiency. To diagnose pseudohypoparathyroidism type I, intravenous human PTH (1–34) infusions were performed; however, they showed brisk responses of plasma and/or urine cyclic AMP in response to the PTH infusion, but the phosphaturic response to the PTH was sluggish compared to the controls. All three showed an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting PTH stimulation of osteoblasts. They were treated initially with calcium lactate or (1α)-hydroxycalciol/calcitriol. Their hypoparathyroid condition, however, was transient: they maintained normal serum calcium and PTH levels without medication before the age of 6 months. The etiology, possibly intracellular signal transduction distal to cyclic AMP and/or distinct from adenylate cyclase in the kidney, is developmental and the condition was resolved completely within 6 months of age. We have termed this condition "transient pseudohypoparathyroidism of the neonate". M Minagawa, Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260, Japan


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