scholarly journals Cellular Composition of Calcified Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Avkhadievich Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
Natal'ya Vital'evna Rutkovskaya ◽  
Ol'ga Dmitrievna Sidorova ◽  
Leonid Semenovich Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Multiple Cells

With the aim to assess the mechanisms of the structural dysfunctions associated with xenograft tissue calcification, we investigated the cellular composition of the explanted xenoaortic epoxy-treated bioprosthetic heart valves. In the leaflets, we revealed multiple cells with retained internal structure. Most of them located on the leaflet surface, at the areas of collagen destruction, and near calcium deposits. Monocytes were the predominant cell fraction on the leaflet surface whilst immune (macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells, neutrophils) and connective tissue (fibroblasts, fibrocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells) cells prevailed at the areas of collagen destruction and near calcium deposits. Calcification of the leaflets was accompanied by cellular infiltration, therefore suggesting that pathological mineralization may be associated with cell-mediated processes.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural pathology of bioprosthetic heart valves with infectious endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
R. A. Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
I. V. Milto ◽  
A. G. Kutikhin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Sputter Coating ◽  
Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy

Aim. To study the ultrastructure of mitral bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) which failed due to infective endocarditis.Materials and Methods. Here we examined 7 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-treated xenopericardial BHVs excised during repeated BHV replacement because of prosthetic endocarditis. After being fixed in formalin and postfixed in osmium tetroxide, BHVs were dehydrated and stained in uranyl acetate with the subsequent embedding into epoxy resin, grinding, polishing, and lead citrate counterstaining. Upon the sputter coating with carbon, we visualised the BHV microanatomy by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy at 15 kV voltage.Results. The extracellular matrix underwent degradation and disintegration resulting in loosening, fragmentation, and reduction in the electron density of collagen and elastin fibers. We observed a number of recipient cells (macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) within the BHVs. The highest number of cells was localized on the valve surfaces. The localization of the recipient cells on the ventricular and atrial surfaces was different. The central part of the valves was abundantly populated by macrophages.Conclusion. Prosthetic endocarditis is accompanied by the migration of recipient cells into the BHV structure, which is the consequence of surface and extracellular matrix disintegration.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase SARS-COV-2 Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufang Tian ◽  
Weidong Hu ◽  
Li Niu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Haibo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Hyaline Membranes ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology

There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, or COVID-19, from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that, apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate with globules, focal hyperplasia of pneumocytes with only patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Since both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of surgery, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia.

The cellular composition of explanted bioprosthetic heart valves in infective endocarditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
R. A. Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
N. V. Rutkovskaya ◽  
I. V. Mil'to ◽  
O. D. Sidorova ◽  
L. S. Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

Calcium oxalate granuloma of the nose of a chronically dialysed nephritic patient

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Böör ◽  
Ivan Jurkovič ◽  
Imrich Friedmann ◽  
Marian Benický ◽  
Pavol Kočan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Polypoid Mass ◽  
Left Nasal Cavity ◽  
Crystalline Deposits

The patient was a 54-year-old woman who had been suffering from chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis for about seven years, requiring haemodialysis. More recently, she developed a polypoid mass in the left nasal cavity causing discomfort on breathing and slight epistaxis. The tumour was of gritty consistency and measured 28 × 8 × 5 mm. Microscopy showed a lobulated almost cystic structure composed of granulation tissue with comparatively few plasma cells and many multinucleated giant cells lining the spaces filled with crystalline deposits of calcium oxalate.

scholarly journals Calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves treated with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
T. V. Glushkova ◽  
A. E. Kostyunin
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Native Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Leaflets ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Human Aortic Valve

Highlights. The morphology and elemental composition of calcium deposits formed in the tissues of epoxytreated aortic and mitral bioprostheses do not differ from those in the mineralized matrix of stenotic human aortic valve leaflets. Despite similar elemental composition of mineral deposits in the KemCor and UniLine bioprostheses, the morphology of these calcifications differs between bioprosthetic heart valve substitutes and, apparently, is associated with the specific structure of the fibrous matrix of the biological tissues that are used for their manufacturing.Aim. To analyze the morphology and elemental composition of mineral deposits formed in epoxy-treated aortic and mitral bioprosthetic heart valves made from xenoaortic or xenopericardial material and to compare the obtained findings with the data on calcified human aortic valve.Methods. Leaflets of the mitral and aortic bioprosthetic heart valves KemCor and UniLine (NeoKor, L Russia, Kemerovo) that were explanted due to their failure, as well as leaflets of the calcified native aortic valve were evaluated. The morphology of calcifications was studied by scanning electron microscopy using an S-3400N microscope (Hitachi, Japan). The elemental composition of calcium deposits was studied by electron probe microanalysis using Hitachi S-3400N microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer Bruker XFlash 4010 (Bruker, Germany).Results. Large calcifications located at the internal layers of samples were surrounded by collagen fibers commonly with evident signs of the onset of mineralization. Calcium deposits in the native aortic valve and xenoartic bioprostheses KemCor were located mainly at the spongy layer and had a loose structure, while dense lamellar deposits were found at the leaflets of pericardial bioprostheses UniLine. The elemental composition of calcium deposits showed the presence of Ca, P, O, Mg, and Na in the mineralized regions and the presence of S in the regions of low electron density. The calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) in the calcifications of the aortic valve leaflets was 1.81 (1.79-1.84; min - 1.48; max - 2.05), whereas the Ca:P ratios in the UniLine and KemCor bioprostheses were 1.78 (1.75-1.86; min - 1.52; max - 2.03) and 1.82 (1.81-1.88; min - 1.71; max - 2.06), respectively. There were no significant differences in the Ca:P ratios between calcifications in the study groups (p>0.05).Conclusion. Calcium deposits detected in epoxy-treated bioprostheses and human aortic valve appeared to be formed under dystrophic calcification. The morphology of calcifications in bioprostheses depended on the type of biological tissue. None correlations between the morphological structure of calcifications and the implantation position were found in bioprosthetic leaflets. The elemental composition of mineral deposits was similar in all study samples.

scholarly journals Matrix metalloproteinases as a possible factor of biological prosthetic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
A. E. Kostyunin ◽  
T. V. Glushkova ◽  
L. A. Bogdanov ◽  
E. A. Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Infiltrating Cells ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
Oil Red O

Aim. To identify the expression and possible sources of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs).Methods. The material for the study was epoxy-treated BHVs (NeoKor Ltd, Kemerovo) obtained during valve re-prosthetics. Cellular infiltration and ECM degradation were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining while lipid deposition and calcification were analysed by Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S staining. Сellular typing and detection of MMP-1/-2/-8/-9/-12 and TIMP-1/-2 expression in samples were performed using immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to CD45, CD68, СD3, CD19, myeloperoxidase, and to the corresponding MMPs and TIMPs. Analysis of samples was performed by light microscopy.Results. We examined 7 xenoaortic and 7 xenopericardial BHVs which were removed during re-replacement from the aortic (n = 2) and mitral (n = 12) positions. In studied leaflets from 13 explanted BHVs, sporadic infiltrates consisting of macrophages and neutrophils were revealed. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that more aggressive cellular infiltration is characteristic of xenoaortic BHVs (p = 0.038). MMP-1/-2/-8/-12 and TIMP-1/-2 were weakly expressed and co-localised with infiltrating cells whilst MMP-9 was abundant in the loosened extracellular matrix (ECM) devoid of host cells.Conclusion. The recipient cells infiltrating BHVs are sources of MMP-1/-2/-8/-9/-12 and TIMP-1/-2. In addition, MMP-9 can diffuse into BHVs leaflets from the blood of patients. 

scholarly journals IDIOPATHIC GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS PRESENTING AS SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH- A RARE CASE REPORT

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Harish S. Permi
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Giant Cell Myocarditis ◽  
Unexplained Death ◽  
Rare Case Report

Abstract:Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a disease of relatively young, predominantly healthy adults which is usually known to cause death in more than half of the cases of sudden death due to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia. The typical histological features are myocardial necrosis and a rich cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. We report a rare case of idiopathic giant cell myocarditis in a 32 year old healthy male who died suddenly and stress the need to consider as one of the cause of unexplained death in young adults on autopsy.

Lipodystrophia Centrifugalis Abdominalis Infantilis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
Daniel Paluzzi ◽  
Tess Peters ◽  
Richard M. Haber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Fat Necrosis ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
First Case ◽  
Dermatological Condition ◽  
Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

Background: Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis (LCAI) is an uncommon dermatological condition characterized by a centrifugally expanding area of lipoatrophy involving the lower abdominal area and is frequently associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The average age of onset is 4 years and female individuals from Japan, China, and Korea are affected more often. Objectives: To report the first case of LCAI in a Vietnamese patient. Methods: A complete clinical assessment was done and a biopsy from the affected area was performed. Results: There was an atrophic, slightly hyperpigmented patch at the lower abdomen with prominent underlying vasculature. Inguinal lymphadenopathy was noted on the ipsilateral side. A biopsy showed a lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with scattered plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of LCAI in a Vietnamese patient.

scholarly journals Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis: a case report and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4316
Author(s):  
Keval A. Patel ◽  
Kinalee P. Chothani ◽  
Bimal Patel ◽  
Dhaneshwar N. Lanjewar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Extensive Surgery

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of ovary is a rare disease that is characterized by presence of large number of lipid laden macrophages with an admixture of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. It is misdiagnosed as ovarian tumour that leads to extensive surgery including hysterectomy. In this report we describe a case of Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis along with review of literature.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients with Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufang Tian ◽  
Weidong Hu ◽  
Li Niu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Haibo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, or COVID-19, from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that, apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate, focal reactive hyperplasia of pneumocytes with patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Since both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of surgery, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia.

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