scholarly journals Effect of oil cake extract and organic manure on wilt of chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Ashish Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Oil Cakes

Studies were conducted to test the effect of oil cakes and organic manures on the growth of wilt pathogen under in vitro conditions. The extract of different oil cakes and organic manures were tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by poisoned food techniques in vitro. Least growth of pathogen was recorded in extracts of Neem cake showing excellent inhibitory effect of 70.87 percent reduction over control. Next best in order of mustard cake (65.36 %), linseed (62.99%), groundnut (53.36%) and least by other. Among the organic manures tested, vermi compost and FYM showed maximum growth inhibition of 35.95 and 30.62 percent over control, respectively.

scholarly journals Different Morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott Roots: Action of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava on their in Vitro Inhibition and on X. Sagittifolium Plants Inoculated with F. oxysporum

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
A. C. Djeuani ◽  
H. D. Mbouobda ◽  
T. A. Mbekem ◽  
N. Niemenak
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to determine the different morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum present in the root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium and evaluate the effect of alcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava on their in vitro inhibition. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum were collected in eight localities where X. sagittifolium is grown. Fusarium strains isolated from roots of X. sagittifolium harvested in each locality were grown on PDA medium. The antifungal test was evaluated using ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves at 30 and 60%. The virulence test of each strain on young plants of X. sagittifolium aged three months were realized. Eight strain of Fusarium oxysporum were successfully isolated. After maximum growth, five morphological types were observed (pionnotal, sclerotic, clowny, cottony and ras senescent). The cottony strain was abundant and present in all the locality. Histological analysis of the different strains obtained revealed the presence of septate or siphoned hyphae and three types of conidia (microconidia, macroconidia and sporangiospores or chlamidospores). The inhibition tests were very high with 60% of ethanol extract of P. guajava, and 83.33% of inhibitory effect were observed after eight days of growth, in the strains collected in X. sagittifolium roots, in L3 (Loum) and L4 (Bangoua) localities. After infection of X. sagittifolium plants with each strain of F. oxysporum isolated, symptoms observed were yellowing and wilting of leaves. However, plants inoculated with the L3 (Loum) strain showed both yellowing and wilting of leaves. The application of ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves reduced the severity of the disease in the inoculated plants after 14 days. These results obtained showed that F. oxysporum is not only saprophytic fungi, it’s also able to induce yellowing and wilting of leaves in X. sagittifolium.

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Stage-dependent effect of deferoxamine on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speed Of Onset

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.

scholarly journals Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Mondani ◽  
Giorgio Chiusa ◽  
Paola Battilani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Chemical Products

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.

Enforced CD19 Expression Leads to Growth Inhibition and Reduced Tumorigenicity

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 3551-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged S. Mahmoud ◽  
Ryuichi Fujii ◽  
Hideaki Ishikawa ◽  
Michio M. Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell Line

In multiple myeloma (MM), the cell surface protein, CD19, is specifically lost while it continues to be expressed on normal plasma cells. To examine the biological significance of loss of CD19 in human myeloma, we have generated CD19 transfectants of a tumorigenic human myeloma cell line (KMS-5). The CD19 transfectants showed slower growth rate in vitro than that of control transfectants. They also showed a lower capability for colony formation as evaluated by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar assay. The CD19 transfectants also had reduced tumorigenicity in vivo when subcutaneously implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) transgenic mice. The growth-inhibitory effect was CD19-specific and probably due to CD19 signaling because this effect was not observed in cells transfected with a truncated form of CD19 that lacks the cytoplasmic signaling domain. The in vitro growth-inhibitory effect was confirmed in a nontumorigenic human myeloma cell line (U-266). However, introduction of the CD19 gene into a human erythroleukemia cell line (K-562) also induced growth inhibition, suggesting that this effect is CD19-specific, but not restricted to myeloma cells. These data suggest that the specific and generalized loss of CD19 in human myeloma cells could be an important factor contributing to the proliferation of the malignant plasma cell clones in this disease.

scholarly journals Antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. isolates against bacterial pathogens of tomato and fungal pathogen of pepper

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milijasevic-Marcic ◽  
Vesna Todorovic ◽  
Olja Stanojevic ◽  
Tanja Beric ◽  
Slavisa Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

In vitro antagonistic potential of eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. against two phytopathogenic bacteria and one fungus was tested in order to identify potential biocontrol agents in vegetable crops. The Bacillus spp. isolates demonstrated different levels of antagonistic effect against the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Data in the study proved Xanthomonas vesicatoria to be more sensitive to Bacillus spp. strains than Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Ten B. subtilis strains induced growth inhibition of X. vesicatoria, while a strain of B. pumilus did not affect the growth of that bacterium. The largest inhibition zones against X. vesicatoria were induced by strains B-319, B-325 and B-358. The pathogenic strain C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was most inhibited by two B. subtilis strains (B-338 and B-348) with mean inhibition zone diameters of up to 20 mm. B. subtilis strain B-319 which was the best in inhibiting X. vesicatoria, showed the lowest inhibitory effect on C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. The largest growth inhibition percentage of Verticillium sp. (PGI approximately 70%) was induced by B. subtilis strains B-310 and B-322. The other B. subtilis strains showed PGI values ranging from 45% to 68%, while B. pumilus strain B-335 had the least antagonistic potential (PGI =34.43%) against the pathogen. This study identified at least one suitable biocontrol candidate, B. subtilis strain B-358, as effective in vitro against all three vegetable pathogens.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of different Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates to study lytic enzyme production and growth inhibition during antagonism of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, wilt causing pathogen of cumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhdhi Rathore ◽  
Dinesh N. Vakharia ◽  
Dheeraj Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Percent Growth Inhibition

Abstract Land plants exist in close association with bacterial and fungal microbes, where some associations can be pathogenic and others can be mutualistic/beneficial. One such relation exists between host plant, Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of cumin wilt and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), where Pf acts as a bio-agent for inhibiting Foc and promoting plant growth of cumin. In this study, antagonism by 10 different Pf isolates against Foc was studied under laboratory conditions through percent growth inhibition and biochemical mechanisms. Among these Pf isolates, Pf-5 exhibited the highest in vitro growth inhibition (82.51%). A positive correlation was observed between percent growth inhibition and specific activities of hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase, and protease, where a negative correlation was observed with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulase and polygalacturonase. To conclude, isolate Pf-5 could be a potential biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt disease of cumin.

PEPTIDE IMUNOFAN AND MOXIFLOXACIN COMBINED EFFECTS ON TOXIGENIC STRAIN CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
M. G. Shvydkaya ◽  
A. M. Zatevalov ◽  
S. D. Mitrokhin ◽  
D. T. Dzhandarova ◽  
A. Yu. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Toxigenic Strain

Moxifloxacin and imunofan peptide concentrations - dependent Clostridium difficile growth rate was analyzed in vitro. In the course of our study, it was revealed imunofan peptide at concentrations 0.05, 0.25 μg/ml has antimicrobial characteristics against toxigenic C. difficile strain. At the same time, with the peptide and the antibiotic combined interaction, we observed moxifloxacin concentration 0-1.5 MIC stimulates C. difficile growth, regardless of the imunofan concentration. Concentrations of maximum growth inhibition for C. difficile were also established with the combined effects peptide imunofan and antibiotic moxifloxacin - 1.5 μg/ml and 2.5 MIC, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of chitosan on limitation of growth and development of some pathogenic fungi for ornamental plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

The inhibitory effect of crab-shell chitosan, medium (200-800 cps) and high molecular weight ( 800-2000 cps) (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals) toward <i>Alternaria alternata, Botrytis tulipae, Fiisarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi, Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae, Phoma narcissi</i> and <i> Phoma poolensis</i> was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and in <i>vivo</i>. The chitosan evidently inhibited in vitro growth of all tested pathogens, with a marked effect at higher concentrations above 200 μg/cm<sup>3</sup>. Chitosan at a concentration of 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> didn't have inhibitory action in appearance of fungi growth on naturally contaminated <i>Callistephus chinensis</i> seeds. At the same concentrations, chitosan applied as bulb scales dressing of <i>Hymenocallis narcissiflora</i> bulbs, before inoculation or after inoculation with <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, inhibited the development of necrotic spots on scales. Chitosan used preventively or curatively at a concentrations of 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> indicated inhibitory effect on development of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> on tulip bulbs. Chitosan at a concentration of 10 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> applied preventively (first spray 12th June) was very effective in the control of <i>Puccinia antirrhini</i> on snapdragon in the field. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on snapdragon treated 8 times at week intervals.

scholarly journals In vitro Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Plant Leaves to inhibit Pathogenic Fungi

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Liamngee Kator ◽  
Zakki Yula Hosea
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alternative Means

The in vitro potential of aqueous extracts of plant leaves to inhibit pathogenic fungi was carried out. The effect of leaf extract and concentration on growth inhibition of organism I (Aspergillus flavus) in vitro revealed that a concentration of 100g/mL, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) gave the highest growth inhibition of  (59.14) followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (NLE) (49.70) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina)  extract (BLE) (45.84) respectively while the least growth inhibition on organism 1 (Aspergillus flavus) was by MLE at concentration of 40 g/mL (30.11) followed by NLE at 60 g/mL (32.11) and BLE at 40 g/mL (40.13). On organism 2 (Penicillium waksmanii), MLE at a concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest growth inhibition of (50.49) followed by NLE (49.01) and BLE (36.72) respectively while the least inhibition on growth of organism 2 in vitro was by BLE at concentration of 60 g/mL (16.05) followed by MLE (40.70) and NLE (40.70) at concentration of 80 g/mL respectively. On organism 3 (Botryodiplodia theobromae), MLE at  concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest inhibition of growth (57.00) followed by NLE (52.71) and BLE (50.15) respectively while  the least inhibition on growth of organism 3 in vitro was by BLE at 40 g/mL (21.50) followed by MLE at 60 g/mL (31.06) and NLE at 40 g/mL (41.89). On organism 4 (Fusarium oxysporum), the highest growth inhibition was by MLE at 100g/mL (54.02) followed by NLE at 100 g/mL (49.62) and BLE at 100 g/mL (44.41) while MLE showed the least growth inhibition at 60 g/mL (24.04) followed by BLE at 40 g/mL  (26.60) and NLE at 40 g/mL (30.12). NLE showed the highest grand inhibitory effect of extract concentration on growth inhibition of organism 5 (Colletotrichum asianum) in vitro at 100 g/mL (53.68) followed by MLE at 100 g/mL (51.51) and BLE at 100 g/mL (40.94). The least inhibitory effect on the growth of organism 5 in vitro was by BLE at 80 g/mL (21.26) followed by NLE at 40 g/mL (22.25) and MLE at 40 g/mL (32.69). The controls ranged from 2.23 to 4.31 across all extract concentrations and fungal isolates. There were significant differences in growth inhibition between extract concentrations and their controls on all fungal isolates. The use of plant extracts provides alternative means for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.

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