scholarly journals Gross anatomical studies on the femur, tibio-tarsus and fibula of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-629
Author(s):  
Suresh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Trochanter Major ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae

The study was conducted on three adult emu birds of 2-3 years of age. The femur was a relatively short, but thickbone, measuring about 23±0.43 cm in length.The fovea capitiswas absent.The large trochanter major was at the same level as the head.A large pneumatic foramen was present on the caudal surface of the femur, medioventrally to the trochanter major. Distal extremity of femur showed a trochlea anteriorly and two condyles posteriorly.The tibio-tarsus waslongest and formed by the fusion of the tibia and proximal row of tarsalbones.The average length was 43±0.68 cm, was almost twice as long as the femur.The cranial part of the proximal end was greatly expanded which formed a large ridge, the proximal end of which was divided to form lateraland medial cranial ridges.The distal end showed lateral and medial condyles cranially and a trochlea with symmetrical ridges caudally. The fibula was shorter than the tibia, measuring about 29±0.23 cm in length with a prominent head.

Comparative gross anatomical studies on the shoulder girdle of crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) and brown wood owl (Strix leptogrammica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneisenuo Keneisenuo ◽  
O. P. Choudhary ◽  
S. Debroy ◽  
R. S. Arya ◽  
P. C. Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Medial Surface ◽  
Broad Base ◽  
Pointed Apex ◽  
Proximal Extremity

The shoulder girdle gives strength and range of motion to the wings of birds and plays a functional role in flight mechanism of birds. The present study was designed to compare the morphological features of shoulder girdle bones in crested serpent eagle and brown wood owl. The shoulder girdle comprised of the scapula, coracoid and fused clavicle i.e. furculum in both species. The proximal extremities of bones of shoulder girdle formed a foramen triosseum in both the species for tendon of supracoracoideus muscle. The proximal end of the scapula of crested serpent eagle presents a pneumatic foramen which was absent in the brown wood owl. The coracoid of crested serpent eagle presents a large pneumatic foramen at the medial surface of the acrocoracoid process. A piercing type of foramen was characteristic in the coracoid of both species. Procoracoid process was triangular in shape with a broad base in both the species with pointed apex in brown wood owl and short apex in crested serpent eagle. The clavicle was thin, slender and highly curved in crested serpent eagle, whereas it was slender and rod-like in brown wood owl. Numerous pneumatic foramina were present in the proximal extremity of the clavicle of the crested serpent eagle, which were few in brown wood owl. The distal extremity of both clavicle fused to form a hypocleideum in crested serpent eagle, which was absent in brown wood owl.

scholarly journals Grüber's ligament as a useful landmark for the abducens nerve in the transnasal approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Tomio ◽  
Masahiro Toda ◽  
Agung Budi Sutiono ◽  
Takashi Horiguchi ◽  
Sadakazu Aiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Abducens Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Transnasal Approach ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Dorello’S Canal ◽  
Posterior Clinoid Process ◽  
Skull Base Lesions

OBJECT Extended endoscopic transnasal surgeries for skull base lesions have recently been performed. Some expert surgeons have attempted to remove tumors such as chordomas, meningiomas, and pituitary adenomas in the clival region using the transnasal approach and have reported abducens nerve injury as a common complication. There have been many microsurgical anatomical studies of the abducens nerve, but none of these studies has described an anatomical landmark of the abducens nerve in the transnasal approach. In this study the authors used cadaver dissections to describe Grüber's ligament as the most reliable landmark of the abducens nerve in the transnasal transclival view. METHODS The petroclival segment of the abducens nerve was dissected in the interdural space—which is also called Dorello's canal, the petroclival venous gulf, or the sphenopetroclival venous confluence—using the transnasal approach in 20 specimens obtained from 10 adult cadaveric heads. RESULTS The petroclival segment of the abducens nerve clearly crossed and attached to Grüber's ligament in the interdural space, as noted in the transnasal view. The average length of the dural porus to the intersection on the abducens nerve was 5.2 ± 1.0 mm. The length of the posterior clinoid process (PCP) to the intersection on Grüber's ligament was 6.4 ± 2.6 mm. The average width of Grüber's ligament at the midsection was 1.6 ± 0.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Grüber's ligament is considered a useful landmark, and it is visible in most adults. Thus, surgeons can find the abducens nerve safely by visualizing inferolaterally along Grüber's ligament from the PCP.

Ultrastructure of the soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
J. A. Traquair ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Scanning Electron

With the advent of improved dehydration techniques, scanning electron microscopy has become routine in anatomical studies of fungi. Fine structure of hyphae and spore surfaces has been illustrated for many hyphomycetes, and yet, the ultrastructure of the ubiquitous soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus (Link) Sigler & Carmichael has been neglected. This presentation shows that scanning and transmission electron microscopical data must be correlated in resolving septal structure and conidial release in G. pannorus.Although it is reported to be cellulolytic but not keratinolytic, G. pannorus is found on human skin, animals, birds, mushrooms, dung, roots, and frozen meat in addition to various organic soils. In fact, it readily adapts to growth at low temperatures.

Pilonidal Sinus: How to Choose Between Excision and Open Granulation Versus Excision and Primary Closure?

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perruchoud ◽  
Vuilleumier ◽  
Givel
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Primary Closure ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Healing

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate excision and open granulation versus excision and primary closure as treatments for pilonidal sinus. Subjects and methods: We evaluated a group of 141 patients operated on for a pilonidal sinus between 1991 and 1995. Ninety patients were treated by excision and open granulation, 34 patients by excision and primary closure and 17 patients by incision and drainage, as a unique treatment of an infected pilonidal sinus. Results: The first group, receiving treatment of excision and open granulation, experienced the following outcomes: average length of hospital stay, four days; average healing time; 72 days; average number of post-operative ambulatory visits, 40; average off-work delay, 38 days; and average follow-up time, 43 months. There were five recurrences (6%) in this group during the follow-up period. For the second group treated by excision and primary closure, the corresponding outcome measurements were as follows: average length of hospital stay, four days; average healing time, 23 days; primary healing failure rate, 9%; average number of post-operative ambulatory visits, 6; average off-work delay, 21 days. The average follow-up time was 34 months, and two recurrences (6%) were observed during the follow-up period. In the third group, seventeen patients benefited from an incision and drainage as unique treatment. The mean follow-up was 37 months. Five recurrences (29%) were noticed, requiring a new operation in all the cases. Discussion and conclusion: This series of 141 patients is too limited to permit final conclusions to be drawn concerning significant advantages of one form of treatment compared to the other. Nevertheless, primary closure offers the advantages of quicker healing time, fewer post-operative visits and shorter time off work. When a primary closure can be carried out, it should be routinely considered for socio-economical and comfort reasons.

Autoradiography of Incorporated Leucine-H3 in the Enamel Matrix and Enamel Organ of the Upper Incisor of the Rat

1964 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Leonel Costacurta
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Thin Band

SummaryDental germs of the upper incisors of six-days old rats were studied for the uptake of leucine-H3 by different layers of the enamel organ in correlation to the various stages of the development of enamel.The longitudinal section of the tooth germ was divided into 15 zones of about equal length in order to facilitate the description and interpretation of results. Autoradiographic images of the histologic preparations from rats sacrificed 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day and 3 days after the injection were made. The strongest reactions were observed in dental germs of rats sacrificed 1 hour, and particularly one day, after the leucine-H3 injection.The uptake of this compound by the enamel matrix increases progressively up to the young enamel and then decreases to the distal extremity; the greatest quantity of this labeled amino-acid was observed in the primary and young enamel. The reactions were present in the transitional enamel only along a thin band close to the dentine-enamel junction.In the enamel organ leucine-H3 incorporation was greatest in the three layers, the zones corresponding to primary and young enamel. In zones corresponding to transitional enamel, the inner epithelium showed a small quantity, and the stellate reticulum a blackening only in its superficial part, were the blood vessels reach the enamel organ.

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendon Tears: New Insights from Recent Anatomical Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tuite ◽  
A. U. Patel ◽  
T. Scerpella ◽  
B. Chan ◽  
G. Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Tendon Tears ◽  
Infraspinatus Tendon

Extrakorporális és intrakorporális anasztomózis rövid távú eredményeinek összehasonlítása malignus daganat miatt végzett laparoszkópos jobb oldali hemikolektómia esetén

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Kornél Vajda ◽  
László Sikorszki
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Colon Surgery ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted ◽  
Laparoscopic Hemicolectomy

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A laparoszkópia térhódítása a jobb oldali colon műtéteknél is nyilvánvaló. Ma legtöbb helyen a laparoszkóposan asszisztált jobb oldali hemikolektómia extrakorporális anasztomózissal a gold standard. A morbiditás randomizált vizsgálatok alapján még 30% körüli. A technikai fejlődés lehetővé tette az intrakorporális anasztomózist. Célkitűzés: Retrospektív módon elemezni rosszindulatú jobb oldali vastagbéldaganat miatt végzett laparoszkópos hemikolektómiák rövid távú eredményeit a két módszer összehasonlításával. Eredmények: 2018. 01. 01. – 2019. 12. 31. között 184 jobb oldali hemikolektómiát végeztünk, ezek közül 122 történt malignus betegség miatt. 51 esetben nyitott és 71 esetben laparoszkópos műtét történt. 37 férfi (átlagéletkor: 70,59 év) és 34 nő (átlagéletkor: 72,14 év) volt. 50 esetben extrakorporális (EA) és 21 esetben pedig intrakorporális anasztomózist (IA) végeztünk. Az EA csoportban 18, míg az IA csoportban 3 szövődmény alakult ki 30 napon belül (p = 0,067). Az EA csoportból 3, az IA csoportból 1 beteget veszítettünk el 30 napon belül (p = 0,66). Az átlagos ápolási idő az EA csoportban 9,48 (5–32) nap, míg az IA csoportban 6,52 (4–19) nap volt (p = 0,001) a szövődményes esetekkel együtt. A szövődményes esetek nélkül az EA csoportban 6,35 (5–10) nap, az IA csoportban pedig 5,55 (4–8) napnak bizonyult (p = 0,09). A műtéti idő pedig az EA csoportban 147 (90–240) perc, az IA csoportban pedig 146,47 (90–265) perc volt (p = 0,11). Konklúzió: Az irodalommal összhangban azt találtuk, hogy IA esetén kevesebb a szövődmény, ezzel is összefüggésben rövidebb az átlagos ápolási idő, és a műtéti időt tekintve nincs szignifikáns különbség. Ezeket figyelembe véve az intrakorporális anasztomózis javasolható jobb oldali laparoszkópos hemikolektómia esetén. Summary. Introduction: Laparoscopy became evident for right-sided colon surgery too. Today the laparoscopic-assisted right-hemicolectomy is the gold standard with extracorporeal anastomosis. Morbidity according to randomized trials is still approximately 30%. The development of the surgical technique resulted in the creation of intracorporeal anastomosis. Our aim was to compare the short-term results of the two methods. Aim: To analyse the short-term results of right-sided hemicolectomy that were performed due to malignant tumours with the comparison of the two methods. Results: A cohort of 184 right-sided hemicolectomy were performed from 01.01.2018 to 31.12.2019 from which 122 were operated on because of a malignant disease. 51 open and 71 laparoscopic operations were performed. The average age of 37 men and 34 women were 70.59 and 72.14 years, respectively. 50 patients underwent extracorporeal (EA) anastomosis and 21 intracorporeal (IA) anastomosis. Within 30 days the number of complications were 18 in the EA group and 3 in the IA group (p = 0.067). 3 from the EA group and 1 from IA group died within 30 days (p = 0.66). The average length of stay were 9.48 days in the EA group and 6.52 days in the IA group together with the complicated cases (p = 0.001) while 6.35 days and 5.55 days without the complicated cases (p = 0.09). The average duration of operation was 147 minutes in the EA and 146.47 minutes in the IA group (p = 0.11). Conclusion: We found concordance with the literature that there are fewer complications in case of IA which might be related to shorter length of stay. There is no significant difference between the surgical times. Bearing these facts in mind, IA might be suggested for right- sided laparoscopic hemicolectomy.

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