Comparative gross anatomical studies on the shoulder girdle of crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) and brown wood owl (Strix leptogrammica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneisenuo Keneisenuo ◽  
O. P. Choudhary ◽  
S. Debroy ◽  
R. S. Arya ◽  
P. C. Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Medial Surface ◽  
Broad Base ◽  
Pointed Apex ◽  
Proximal Extremity

The shoulder girdle gives strength and range of motion to the wings of birds and plays a functional role in flight mechanism of birds. The present study was designed to compare the morphological features of shoulder girdle bones in crested serpent eagle and brown wood owl. The shoulder girdle comprised of the scapula, coracoid and fused clavicle i.e. furculum in both species. The proximal extremities of bones of shoulder girdle formed a foramen triosseum in both the species for tendon of supracoracoideus muscle. The proximal end of the scapula of crested serpent eagle presents a pneumatic foramen which was absent in the brown wood owl. The coracoid of crested serpent eagle presents a large pneumatic foramen at the medial surface of the acrocoracoid process. A piercing type of foramen was characteristic in the coracoid of both species. Procoracoid process was triangular in shape with a broad base in both the species with pointed apex in brown wood owl and short apex in crested serpent eagle. The clavicle was thin, slender and highly curved in crested serpent eagle, whereas it was slender and rod-like in brown wood owl. Numerous pneumatic foramina were present in the proximal extremity of the clavicle of the crested serpent eagle, which were few in brown wood owl. The distal extremity of both clavicle fused to form a hypocleideum in crested serpent eagle, which was absent in brown wood owl.

scholarly journals Formation of functional-role communication clusters based on morphological features of the verbal context

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 15007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Meshkov ◽  
Natalia Kochkovaya ◽  
Irina Usova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Definition Of

This work combines two approaches to the definition of the author’s style: statistical and linguistic (method of morphological analysis). The average data of the authors obtained on the basis of statisticalmorphological analysis are taken as an indications vector. The article shows that this technique allows to recognize the author’s style of the work with sufficient accuracy, on an average about 88 percent. It is shown that the closest measure of proximity to this technique is the Euclid distance. The prospects for the development of this approach areoutlined.

scholarly journals Spinal and Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Arletta Hawrylak ◽  
Dorota Wojna ◽  
Krystyna Chromik
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction. Doing asymmetric sports when one suffers from body asymmetry may cause body posture disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal and shoulder complex mobility of professionally trained volleyball athletes compared to that of their peers who do not practise any sports. Material and methods. The study involved 60 participants divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 girls aged 14 years. The average height in the group was 176.37 ± 6.29 cm, and the average body mass was 64.53 ± 7.12 kg. Group 2 consisted of 30 girls aged 15.6 ± 1.12 years who did not practise any sports. The average body height in this group was 159.37 ± 3.33 cm, and the average body mass was 51.83 ± 4.03 kg. The dominant limb was defined on the basis of lateralization. The spinal range of motion was measured by means of a Saunders digital inclinometer, and the shoulder complex range of motion was examined using the goniometric method. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and Student’s t-test was applied in order to determine the differences between the two groups. Results. The differences in the values obtained in the two groups for the spinal range of motion in the sagittal plane were statistically significant only for the range of lumbar spine bending and extension. It was found that group 1 had a higher range of spine mobility in the frontal and transverse planes, and the differences were statistically significant in all the assessed ranges towards the dominant limb. An analysis of the shoulder girdle range of motion in the groups revealed that the differences were also statistically significant in all of the examined ranges. Conclusion. Professional volleyball practice can cause an increase in spine flexibility in most of its ranges, and the shoulder girdle range of motion in female volleyball players can exceed population norms, especially for the upper dominant limb.

Shoulder girdle impairment in breast cancer survivors: the role of range of motion as predictive factor for dose distribution and clinical outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Marazzi ◽  
Valeria Masiello ◽  
Domenico Marchesano ◽  
Luca Boldrini ◽  
Stefano Luzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:Pain and functional impairment of the ipsilateral shoulder girdle in patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy for breast cancer (BC) is a late complication reported in the literature. We analyze a correlation with dosimetric parameters and propose an algorithm for sparing strategies.Methods:A total of 111 patients treated for BC were included in this observational analysis during follow-up protocol visits. Exclusion criteria were the presence of moderate or severe arthrosis history and/or rheumatologic diseases. All the patients had complete physical and multidimensional examinations during joint (physiatrist and radiotherapy oncology) follow-up visits. A scapula–humeral articulation (SHA) standardized contouring was performed retrospectively on Eclipse® treatment plans. A possible correlation between patients’ characteristics, radiotherapy, and dosimetry analysis and functional impairment was investigated at statistical analysis. Results of analysis were summarized into a proposal of algorithm for sparing SHA.Results:A total of 111 patients were selected during follow-up visits. Mean age of patients was 60 years (range 41–85 years). A total of 103 patients (93%) underwent conservative surgery, with 110 patients (99%) undergoing axilla surgery as well. Fifty-two patients (46.8%) presented a reduction of range of motion (ROM) abduction on the treated side at the observational analysis. Mean ROM abduction reduction was 13°06’ (range 0°–100°). Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) score results were excellent in 79 patients (71.2%), discrete in 15 patients (13.5%), good in 15 patients (13.5%), and sufficient in 2 patients (1.8%). Median EQD2Dmaxat SHA was 18 Gy (range 0.22–51.9 Gy) and median EQD2mean dose at SHA was 2 Gy (range 0.04–24.32 Gy). Univariate analysis showed a linear correlation between DASH score and ROM of abduction of treated side (ρ=−0.7), ROM of abduction and ROM of flexion in ipsilateral arm (ρ=0.8), or ROM of abduction and ROM of flexion in contralateral arm (ρ=0.8). A statistically significant difference in ROM abduction between the 2 arms was found at χ2test ( P<0.05 at χ2confidence interval = 95%). Cox linear regression analysis showed ROM abduction on treated arm as a predictive factor of DASH score ( P<0.0001). Age ( P<0.05), DASH score ( P=0.006), and ROM abduction on treated arm ( P=0.005) were found as independent predictive factors of mean dose at multivariate analysis. A mean dose higher than 7 Gy and ROM abduction reduction more than 30° were related to DASH score level reduction.Conclusions:This hypothesis-generating study introduces an algorithm to be validated for management of sparing SHA and improving quality of survivorship. ROM evaluation after surgery, early physiotherapy, standard contouring, and planning adaptation represent possible indications to preserve shoulder impairment. Further prospective studies are needed to discriminate impairment of surgery and radiotherapy in order to personalized therapeutic plan programs.

scholarly journals Evaluating the morphological features of the lateral pterygoid insertion into the medial surface of the condylar process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasin Sritara ◽  
Masahiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Keiko Fukino ◽  
Yoshiro Matsumoto ◽  
Takashi Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Medial Surface ◽  
Condylar Process

scholarly journals Influence of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines, and shoulder girdle range of motion on swallowing function of dependent older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2565-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munetsugu Tashiro ◽  
Yasutoshi Honda ◽  
Mai Ohkubo ◽  
Tetsuya Sugiyama ◽  
Ryo Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Swallowing Function

Comparative Gross Anatomical Studies on Pelvic Limb Long Bones of Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela) and Brown Wood Owl (Strix leptogrammica)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Choudhary ◽  
Priyanka . ◽  
P. C. Kalita ◽  
R. S. Arya ◽  
T. K. Rajkhowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Tarsal Bones ◽  
Proximal Extremity ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Linea Aspera

There is no previously reported information on the morphological characteristics of pelvic limb long bones (femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) in crested serpent eagle and brown wood owl. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate morphological and biometrical characteristics of pelvic limb long bones in crested serpent eagle and brown wood owl. The femur consisted of a curved shaft and two extremities. The shaft was wider proximally and distally and presented medial, lateral, anterior and lateral surfaces. The anterior, medial and lateral surfaces were smooth and continuous in both the species. An intermuscular line called linea aspera was present on the anterior and posterior surfaces in both the species. The proximal and distal extremities of the femur were almost of equal size. The proximal extremity presented a distinct, hemispherical head which was located in the level of the trochanter major in both the species. The distal extremity furnished a trochlea anteriorly for patella and medial, lateral condyles posteriorly for tibiotarsus bone. The patella was small and triangular and consisted of two surfaces, two borders, a base and an apex in both the species. Tibiotarsus was the longest bone in both the species which was formed by the fusion of distal extremity of the tibia with the proximal row of the tarsal bones. The proximal and distal extremity of the tibiotarsus consisted of medial and lateral condyles. In both the species, the fibula was a rod-shaped bone and reached up to distal third of the lateral border of the tibiotarsus. The tarsometatarsus was a long bone but smaller than tibiotarsus in both the species. Various biometrical parameters of the pelvic limb long bones were more in the crested serpent eagle as compared to the brown wood owl due to species differences.

scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of Hedysarum pannosum (Boiss.) Boiss. (Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Dural ◽  
Burcu Yilmaz Citak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pollen Exine ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate morphological, anatomical, palynological, fruit and seed micromorphological properties of Hedysarum pannosum (Boiss.) Boiss. A detailed description of the species is reported for the first time in this study. The morphological features of the species have been compared with the results of previous investigations. Anatomical studies have been carried out on cross-sections of roots, stems, leaflets and petioles. The anatomical results show that the plants have secondary growth roots, protruding stems, amphistomatic and equifacial leaves with tannin, triangular shaped petioles. Hedysarum pannosum pollen are tricolpate, prolate and pollen exine ornamentation is reticulate. Fruits have trichomes on their setae and tomentose trichomes have papillae. Seeds are reniform and they have rugolo-reticulate ornamentation.

scholarly journals Massage-Induced Brachial Plexus Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ya Chang ◽  
Yung-Tsan Wu ◽  
Liang-Cheng Chen ◽  
Rai-Chi Chan ◽  
Shin-Tsu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Asian Woman

Background and PurposeThere are few reports in the literature of adverse effects resulting from massage therapy (MT) and no reports of brachial plexus injury (BPI) associated with MT. This case report describes an uncommon case of BPI that developed after a session of MT and reviews previously published reports of peripheral nerve injury following MT.Case DescriptionA 58-year-old Asian woman developed sudden unilateral paralysis of her left shoulder girdle after a session of MT. A diagnosis of acute BPI was suspected due to her recent history and the results of several examinations. The results of electrodiagnostic studies indicated a possible location for the lesion and ultimately led to a different diagnosis.OutcomesThe patient regularly participated in a twice-weekly rehabilitation program targeting the left shoulder. The rehabilitation program included supervised passive range of motion, strengthening, and stretching exercises as well as a home exercise program. A 12-month follow-up showed the patient had achieved gradual recovery of shoulder strength, resolution of limitations of range of motion, and relief of shoulder pain.DiscussionThis is believed to be the first report of BPI associated with MT. This case report serves as a reminder to massage therapists and physical therapists that MT of the neck should be carefully performed to avoid injury. Further studies will help design safer and more effective MT for the future.

Design of a Humanoid Shoulder Complex Emulating Human Shoulder Girdle Motion Using the Minimum Number of Actuators

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550045
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Newkirk ◽  
Michael M. Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Natural Motion ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Parallel Platform ◽  
Motion Studies

This paper describes a design for a humanoid shoulder complex that replicates human shoulder girdle motion. The goal here is to use the minimum number of actuators to keep the mechanism as light as possible to help ensure that a humanoid is not too top heavy. The human shoulder girdle has two degrees-of-freedom (DOF), which means the minimum number of actuators is also two. The proposed mechanism is a novel parallel platform with two DOF that acts as a pointing mechanism. As the mechanism is articulated the end-effector moves, which results in contraction or elongation, mimicking the natural motion of the human shoulder girdle. A parallel platform was chosen because of the inherent rigidity and a large workspace is not necessary. The mechanism presented here was chosen because of its simplicity and ability to track human shoulder girdle motion. Motion studies were conducted to collect data representing human shoulder girdle motion, which was used to optimize the mechanism for tracking human shoulder girdle motion as closely as possible. A second optimization was performed to ensure that the mechanism avoids singularities throughout its entire range of motion. The results show that this design closely replicates human shoulder girdle motion and is well-suited for use as a humanoid shoulder girdle to increase the range of motion for a humanoid arm.

scholarly journals Gross anatomical studies on the femur, tibio-tarsus and fibula of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-629
Author(s):  
Suresh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Distal Extremity ◽  
Trochanter Major ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae

The study was conducted on three adult emu birds of 2-3 years of age. The femur was a relatively short, but thickbone, measuring about 23±0.43 cm in length.The fovea capitiswas absent.The large trochanter major was at the same level as the head.A large pneumatic foramen was present on the caudal surface of the femur, medioventrally to the trochanter major. Distal extremity of femur showed a trochlea anteriorly and two condyles posteriorly.The tibio-tarsus waslongest and formed by the fusion of the tibia and proximal row of tarsalbones.The average length was 43±0.68 cm, was almost twice as long as the femur.The cranial part of the proximal end was greatly expanded which formed a large ridge, the proximal end of which was divided to form lateraland medial cranial ridges.The distal end showed lateral and medial condyles cranially and a trochlea with symmetrical ridges caudally. The fibula was shorter than the tibia, measuring about 29±0.23 cm in length with a prominent head.

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