Gross Anatomical Studies on the Cervical Vertebrae of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

1. Results are presented concerning the gross composition of pig carcasses at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight in ten litters. They show that during the periods under consideration the proportion of muscle in the carcass exceeded that of the other tissues. However, while the rates of growth of muscle and bone were similar the growth rate of fat was markedly greater. The result was that at 92 kg. the proportions of muscle and fat in the carcass were 43·53 and 41·37%, respectively.2. Results are also presented dealing with the relative development of the different parts of the skeleton. Of the five major anatomical regions of the skeleton the sacrum grew relatively fastest between 50 and 68 kg. carcass weight while the cervical vertebrae grew fastest in the second period. In both periods the bones of the thorax and loin grew at rates intermediate between the fastest and slowest growing regions.

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Comparative Gross Anatomical Studies on the Seventh Cervical Vertebrae of Chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni) and Sheep (Ovis aries)

International Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.5455/ijlr.20171203051223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Abdur Choudhury ◽

Massarat Khan ◽

Ajaz Quadir ◽

Mushtak Baba ◽

Masuood John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Anatomical Studies

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Morphological Investigations on Epistropheus in Ox and the Comparison of it with Resembling Bone in Horse, Dog, Sheep and Goat

International Journal of Anatomy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijar.2021.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1.3) ◽

pp. 7896-7900

Author(s):

Kajal Rai ◽

◽

Rachna Soan ◽

Balwant Meshram ◽

Gajendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Spinous Process ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Odontoid Process ◽

The Body ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Cervical Region ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Anatomical Features

Background: The documentation of anatomical features of epistropheus, which is also called as axis (C2) in different animals is not abundantly available on record. The observance of this C2 bone in ox made and compared it with the similar bone in different species of animals as to Horse, Dog, Sheep and Goat. The axis of ox was positioning cranially with spout like odontoid process which called as the dens. It was projected from the body. Due to its tooth like process, it was also known as vertebra dentata. The blade like supraspinous cranial process had increasing height and thickness towards its caudal progression, however, its infraspinous process was observed as the median ridge. While knowing such differential anatomical characters of axis (C2) in different species of animals as to Horse, Dog, Sheep and Goat this study is undertaken for comparison with the axis of Ox. Aims: Present endeavour aiming to have the comparative anatomical studies of the epistropheus i.e. axis (C2) bone of Ox and its comparison with the similar bone of Horse, Dog, Sheep and Goat. Materials and Methods: Six dried samples of second cervical of Ox (Bos indicus) were collected and explored its anatomical features. The comparative anatomical studies of the similar bone were performed in different species including horse (Equus ferus), dog (Canidae canis), sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Results: In horses, epistropheus i.e. axis the axis had longer body than the ox. The dens was conical and narrow. The axis of dog had cylindrical longer dens. Large and heightened spine as the pendant was observed, which was terminating caudally by the tuberosity of two crests. The axis of sheep had small, blunt and convex dorsal spinous process without remarkable ventral spine. The axis of goat had thin and heighted dorsal spinous process that overlaps the adjacent cranial and caudal cervical vertebrae. Conclusion: The findings of present studies are not only bringing the expositions of axis, the important bone of cervical region in different animals but also this is sufficiently bringing the fullest use for radiographic anatomy. KEY WORDS: Anatomy, Axis, Epistropheus, Ox, Horse, Dog, Sheep, Goat.

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Gross anatomical studies on the femur, tibio-tarsus and fibula of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/627-629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 627-629

Author(s):

Suresh Mehta

Keyword(s):

Average Length ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Distal Extremity ◽

Trochanter Major ◽

Dromaius Novaehollandiae

The study was conducted on three adult emu birds of 2-3 years of age. The femur was a relatively short, but thickbone, measuring about 23±0.43 cm in length.The fovea capitiswas absent.The large trochanter major was at the same level as the head.A large pneumatic foramen was present on the caudal surface of the femur, medioventrally to the trochanter major. Distal extremity of femur showed a trochlea anteriorly and two condyles posteriorly.The tibio-tarsus waslongest and formed by the fusion of the tibia and proximal row of tarsalbones.The average length was 43±0.68 cm, was almost twice as long as the femur.The cranial part of the proximal end was greatly expanded which formed a large ridge, the proximal end of which was divided to form lateraland medial cranial ridges.The distal end showed lateral and medial condyles cranially and a trochlea with symmetrical ridges caudally. The fibula was shorter than the tibia, measuring about 29±0.23 cm in length with a prominent head.

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Ultrastructure of the soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113573 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 738-739

Author(s):

J. A. Traquair ◽

E. G. Kokko

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Soil Fungus ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Scanning Electron

With the advent of improved dehydration techniques, scanning electron microscopy has become routine in anatomical studies of fungi. Fine structure of hyphae and spore surfaces has been illustrated for many hyphomycetes, and yet, the ultrastructure of the ubiquitous soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus (Link) Sigler & Carmichael has been neglected. This presentation shows that scanning and transmission electron microscopical data must be correlated in resolving septal structure and conidial release in G. pannorus.Although it is reported to be cellulolytic but not keratinolytic, G. pannorus is found on human skin, animals, birds, mushrooms, dung, roots, and frozen meat in addition to various organic soils. In fact, it readily adapts to growth at low temperatures.

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Spinal Injury at the Level of the Third and Fourth Cervical Vertebrae Resulting from the Axial Loading Mechanism: An Analysis and Classification

Clinics in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0278-5919(20)31065-6 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 159-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph S. Torg ◽

Brian Sennett ◽

Joseph J. Vegso, MS

Keyword(s):

Spinal Injury ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Axial Loading ◽

The Third

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Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendon Tears: New Insights from Recent Anatomical Studies

10.1055/s-0039-1692583 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M. Tuite ◽

A. U. Patel ◽

T. Scerpella ◽

B. Chan ◽

G. Baer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Studies ◽

Tendon Tears ◽

Infraspinatus Tendon

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Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.15653/tpg-140371 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (01) ◽

pp. 44-38

Author(s):

C.-C. Lin ◽

K.-S. Chen ◽

Y.-L. Lin ◽

J. P.-W. Chan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Spinal Reflexes ◽

Spine Trauma ◽

Blunt Force Trauma ◽

Comminuted Fracture ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

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