Fernanda Vieira da Costa
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Antônio César Medeiros de Queiroz
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Maria Luiza Bicalho Maia
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Ronaldo Reis Júnior
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Marcílio Fagundes
<p>Plants have limited resources to invest in reproduction, vegetative growth and defence against herbivorous. Trade-off in resources allocation promotes changes in plant traits that may affect higher trophic levels. The trade-off between vegetative growth and defence, and their indirect effects on herbivory in <em>Copaifera langsdorffii </em>was evaluated during two consecutive years of high and low reproductive investment of host plant. We asked: (i) does the resource investment on reproduction causes a depletion in vegetative growth as predicted by CNBH, resulting in more availability of resources to be allocated for defence? (ii) does the variation in resource allocation for growth and defence between years of high and low fruiting leads to indirect changes in herbivory? Thirty-five trees located in a cerrado area were monitored during 2008 (high fruiting) and 2009 (no fruiting) years to evaluate the differential investment in vegetative traits (biomass, growth and number of ramifications), plant defence (tannin concentration and plant hypersensitivity) and herbivory. During fruiting year, woody biomass negatively affected tannin concentration, indicating that fruit production restricted the resources which could be invested both in growth and defence. In addition, plant resistance and galling attack were positively influenced by tannin concentration and leaf biomass, suggesting that plants’ resistance to herbivory is a good proxy of plant defence and an effective defence strategy for <em>C. langsdorffii</em>. In summary, the supra-annual fruiting pattern promoted several effects on plant development, demonstrating the importance of evaluating different plants traits when characterizing the vegetative investment of a species. As expected, the trade-off promoted changes in defence compounds production and patterns of herbivory. The understanding of this important element of insect-plant interactions will be fundamental to decipher coevolutionary life histories and interactions between plants reproduction and herbivores attack. These direct and indirect trajectories of animal-plant interactions are important keys for the development of appropriate strategies for diversity conservation in tropical areas.</p>