Estimation of Water Turnover Rate in Captive Dugongs (Dugong dugon)

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Lanyon ◽  
Keith Newgrain ◽  
Teuku Sahir Syah Alli
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Water Turnover

Rates of Water Turnover in Marsupials and Eutherians: a Comparative Review With New Data on the Tasmanian Devil.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sarcophilus Harrisii

Water turnover rates of Tasmania devils, Sarcophilus harrisii, were measured under standardized conditions by use of tritiated water. Total body water of lactating females was lower than in non- lactating animals, while water turnover rates per kilogram were not significantly different, due to a higher rate constant for lactating animals. Mean water turnover rates were considerably higher than predicted from other marsupial studies. Statistical analysis of data from 13 species of marsupial and 27 eutherian species showed habitat to have a far greater effect on standard water turnover rate than phylogeny.

Water content and water turnover in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mean

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Hereford and Hereford x Shorthorn), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were either maintained on pasture, or yarded and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Tritiated water was injected into the animals on five occasions at intervals of 3 months. The body water content and the water turnover rate were calculated, and some of the sources of variation defined. Observed differences in the water content are attributable to nutritional factors rather than to breed differences. The mean body water content ranged from 615 to 809 ml/kg fasting body weight, where the higher values were associated with a poor diet. The mean half-life of tritiated water was lower in summer (as low as 58 hr) than in winter (up to 128 hr) in grazing and well-fed yarded steers. On a poor diet, however, the half-life in yarded cattle remained high and almost constant throughout the year, dropping to below 100 hr on only a single occasion. Occasionally the half-life was breed dependent, but generally no significant differences between breeds could be found. While mean turnover rates of up to 7.1 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in better-fed cattle in summer, the value in poorly fed animals was almost constant throughout the year at about 3.3 ml kg-1 hr-1. There was, however, a winter minimum in the well-fed yarded and grazing groups. The turnover rate was also influenced by breed only to a limited extent. The results are interpreted in the light of their possible significance in the adaptation to a tropical environment, and in relation to their value in predicting the body composition.

Energy Requirements and Sodium and Water Turnovers in Two Captive Marsupial Carnivores: the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus Harrisii, and the Native Cat, Dasyurus Viverrinus.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
IH Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sarcophilus Harrisii

Captive Sarcophilus harrisii and Dasyurus viverrinus were fed on rats and provided with water ad libitum. Apparent dry matter digestibility was about 80% and apparent energy digestibility was about 88% in both species. The daily water turnover rate was approximately 130 ml per W*0.82 in both species, but S. harrisii obtained substantially more water by drinking than D. viverrinus. Sodium turnover rates were closely correlated with food consumption.

Water and energy balance of the thorny devil Moloch horridus: is the devil a sloth?

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bradshaw ◽  
P.C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractRates of turnover of water, energy and sodium were measured for free-ranging thorny devils (Moloch horridus), which are myrmecophagous agamid lizards, in a semi-arid Western Australian habitat. There were significant differences in body water content and water turnover rate (WTR) measurements for cool, wet, average and hot periods, although the field metabolic rate (FMR) and sodium turnover (NaTR) rate did not differ significantly between weather conditions. The thorny devil had a substantially lower field WTR during dry periods (10-15 ml kg-1 d-1) than expected for semi-arid and arid lizards, although the WTR was higher in wet conditions (30-35 ml kg-1 d-1). The field metabolic rate of thorny devils (0.134 ml CO2 g-1 h-1) was only slightly less than that expected for a semi-arid/lizard (0.178 ml CO2 g-1 h-1), despite the apparently slothful nature of the thorny devil. The sodium turnover rate of the thorny devil (1.5-2.5 mmol kg-1 d-1) was within the range reported for other semi-arid/arid lizards. The field metabolic rate of the thorny devils suggests that they consume about 750 ants per day. The ratio of water to energy turnover measured for thorny devils in the field (0.11 ml H2O kj-1) was the same as that predicted from the composition of ants and their digestibility by thorny devils (0.11 ml H2O kj-1). However, the ratios of sodium-to-energy turnover (30 μmol Na+ kj-1) and sodium-to-water turnover (277 μmol ml H2O-1) were substantially higher than expected ratios (10 and 89 respectively).

Tritiated water for estimating total body water and water turnover rate in birds

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Degen ◽  
B. Pinshow ◽  
P. U. Alkon ◽  
H. Arnon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Chukar Partridges

The use of tritiated water (TOH) to estimate total body water (TBW) and total water turnover rate was validated in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi). For six chukar partridges weighing between 315 to 475 g, TOH equilibration with body fluids was less than 45 min after intramuscular or intravenous injections. Mean TOH space in eight chukar partridges was 99.8% of the mean TBW measured by desiccation with individuals ranging between 97.9 and 103.2%. TOH space best approximated TBW when TBW was calculated by using the mean body mass for a bird weighed at TOH injection and at TOH equilibration. Total water intake as estimated by TOH ranged between 90.7 and 113.3% of measured water intake in three sand and three chukar partridges, birds ranging in mass from 145 to 446 g. We conclude that the TOH method provides accurate estimations of TBW and water turnover rates in birds. For birds of up to 500-g body mass, we recommend 45 min for TOH equilibration with body fluids, and intramuscular injections of 0.05 muCi TOH/g body mass for TBW estimations and 0.1 muCi TOH/g body mass for water turnover estimations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Water Turnover Rate between Female Soft Tennis Players and Age-matched Sedentary Individuals during Extensive Summer Training

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Satoshi Horiuchi ◽  
Masami Miyazaki ◽  
Akira Tsuda ◽  
Eiji Watanabe ◽  
Shoji Igawa
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Tennis Players

Seasonal energetics of the long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) in coastal New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Thums ◽  
Ian D. Hume ◽  
Lesley A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
New South ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

Water-turnover rates and field metabolic rates were measured in long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta) near Newcastle, New South Wales, over two summers and two winters. Water-turnover rates were higher in lactating than in non-lactating females, and higher in winter than in summer, possibly because of a relatively high proportion (50%) of females at or near peak lactation in one winter. There were no significant differences in field metabolic rates between seasons or among groups (males, lactating females and non-lactating females). The overall field metabolic rate of the long-nosed bandicoot was within 9% of the predicted value for a marsupial of its size, and similar to rates reported for most other bandicoots, both temperate and arid-zone species. Its overall water-turnover rate was within 18% of the predicted marsupial value, but higher than values reported for arid-zone bandicoot species. Comparison with other data indicates that seasonal changes in water-turnover rate are related to changes in reproductive status (especially lactation), as in this study, but for field metabolic rate, seasonal changes are related to changes in water status and thus productivity of the environment.

Energy Requirements and Water Turnover in Free-Living Leadbeater's Possums, Gymnobelideus Leadbeateri (Marsupialia: Petauridae).

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Smith ◽  
KA Nagy ◽  
MR Fleming ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
System Water

The field metabolic rate (FMC) and water turnover rate of free-living Leadbeater's possums (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) was estimated by means of doubly labelled water. This information was combined with field estimations of daily activity, and laboratory estimations of basal metabolism, to formulate daily energy budget. Possums emerged from their nest at dusk, but returned to them periodically throughout the night. An estimated 17.7 h of the day was spent in the nest at a total energy cost of 29 kJ (13% of FMR). Of the total 197 kJ expended during the 6.3-h active period, 10 kJ (4% of FMR) was attributable to maintenance costs, 23 kJ (10% of FMR) to thermoregulation, and 165 kJ (73% of FMR) to activity and specific dynamic action. The apparently high cost of activity is consistent with the dispersed nature of the possums' food supply and their well developed, territorial social system. Water turnover rates varied with season, sex and rainfall. Water shortage at certain periods of year may restrict exploitation of some food items (dehydrated plant exudates).

Effect of cold exposure on water requirements on three species of small mammals

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Deavers ◽  
J. W. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Water turnover rate (WTR) was determined from tritiated water (3H2O) loss in the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi), and white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). When given ad libitum water at Ta of 20 degrees, B. brevicauda, C. gapperi, and P. leucopus turned over 16.2, 13.8, and 6.2 ml/day, respectively; minimum WTR was 9.9, 7.8, and 3.5 ml/day, respectively. When they were given ad libitum water at 5 degrees C, WTR was 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than at 20 degrees C. On minimum water rations, WTR at 5 degrees C was 1.7 to 1.9 times higher than at 20 degrees C. Since increases in VO2 at 5 degrees C and at 20 degrees C were of about the same magnitude, increased metabolic rates may have caused increased water requirements. Total body water (TBW) was calculated from 3H2O dilution. On minimum water rations, the three species at both Ta's showed decreases in TBW and body weight, but percent body H2O increased.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document