scholarly journals Informal Sperm Donation in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Irina G. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Medical Tests

Rising infertility across the globe has created a growing demand for assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In recent years, apart from sperm donation in formal settings such as fertility clinics, informal donation practices have emerged and spread across Russia. These reproductive donation practices have become possible due to the development of social networks and private online platforms. We conducted a pilot study (eleven semi-structured interviews) of the informal sperm donation in Russia and analyzed donor-recipient interactions, donors’ expectations and experiences of finding recipients online. We focus on donors' motivations and on the meanings, which donors invest in this practice that consumes significant resources on their part (medical tests and artificial insemination costs, travel and accommodation expenses, sometimes mutually agreed financial support of future offspring). We interpreted the practices that coalesced around informal donation from the perspective of symbolic interactionism, because it allowed us to showcase how actors reflected on and formulated the meanings of their actions in the absence of externally imposed rules (legal regulations, established moral conventions). Since informal donation practices do not fit into the traditional schemes of interpretation, such research requires the actors involved in informal donation either to create their own schemes or to modify the existing conceptual frames in creative ways. The study shows that informal donors do not only provide their genetic material but also spend time and invested considerable resources to ensure their procreation, including eventual financial support of the child. At the same time, these men are not interested in marital relations or paternal relations with their offspring. Thus, the informal sperm donors do not associate the parental project with traditional family and its values. We conclude that ART engendered a new phenomenon, which might be described as extramarital reproduction. Assisted reproduction outside marriage ­gains footing in Russia and requires more detailed further study.

Desperately Seeking Daddy: A Critique of Pratten v British Columbia (Attorney General)

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Lori Chambers ◽  
Heather Hillsburg
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Abstract Current Canadian law, by silence rather than explicit choice, does not prevent anonymous sperm donation. Anonymous sperm donation, however, may soon disappear. In the recent Pratten decision, the Supreme Court of British Columbia determined that anonymity violates the constitutional rights of children born of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). While finding that children should have access to genetic knowledge, the court failed to consider the impact of the elimination of anonymity on other parties to ARTs, both sperm donors and ART families. The case was appealed by the Attorney General of British Columbia and heard by the British Columbia Court of Appeal in February 2012 and was overturned. While agreeing with the decision of the Court of Appeal, this article argues that the court failed to provide a fulsome analysis of issues related to privacy, genetic knowledge, alternative family formation, and the false assertion that sperm donation makes a man a father.

User involvement in assisted reproductive technologies: England and Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-594
Author(s):  
Catarina Samorinha ◽  
Mateusz Lichon ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
Mike Dent
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
User Empowerment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare user involvement in the case of assisted reproductive technologies in England and Portugal through the concepts of voice, choice and co-production, assessing the implications for user empowerment. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study draws primarily on policy review and uses exploratory semi-structured interviews with key informants as a way of illustrating points. Data on the following themes was compared: voice (users’ representativeness on licensing bodies and channels of communication between users and doctors); choice (funding and accessibility criteria; choice of fertility centres, doctors and level of care); and co-production (criteria through which users actively engage with health professionals in planning the treatment). Findings – Inter- and intra-healthcare systems variations between the two countries on choice and co-production were identified. Differences between funding and accessibility, regions, public and private sectors and attitudes towards doctor-patient relationship (paternalistic/partnership) were the key issues. Although consumer choice and indicators of co-production are evident in treatment pathways in both countries, user empowerment is not. This is limited by inequalities in accessibility criteria, dependence on doctors’ individual perspectives and lack of genuine and formal hearing of citizens’ voice. Originality/value – Enhancing users’ involvement claims for individual and organizational cultures reflecting user-centred values. Effective ways to incorporate users’ knowledge in shared decision making and co-design are needed to empower patients and to improve the delivery of care.

Good Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayo Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Donor Sperm ◽  
Sperm Banking ◽  
Sperm Donors

From crude and uneasy beginnings, sperm banking has become a routine part of China’s pervasive and restrictive reproductive complex within the space of thirty years. It covers the introduction of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to China to address infertility, the expansion of the use of donor sperm in cases in which the male partner suffers from a genetic disease, and other issues, such as the availability and screening of potential sperm donors.

Brown Bodies, White Babies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Harrison
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy ◽  
Brown Bodies

Brown Bodies, White Babies contributes to an active field of literature on reproductive technologies while addressing understudied aspects of surrogacy within this scholarship. With notable exceptions, feminist analyses of surrogacy have largely focused on the gendered implications of the practice and minimized the role of race. Brown Bodies, White Babies takes intersectionality as a crucial starting point, examining the ways in which identity categories come together to form nexuses of privilege and oppression. Fertility clinics, surrogacy agencies, and intended parents often dismiss the role of race in gestational surrogacy arrangements as inconsequential, particularly in comparison to the race of egg and sperm donors who will contribute their genetic material. A surrogate is measured instead by markers of appropriate femininity, including the completeness of her own biological family, and the perceived authenticity of her altruistic motivations. Yet gender identity is not isolated from socially identified race, and thus the race of the surrogate takes on varying levels of importance in relation to other intersectional constructs. As new media narratives of surrogacy are constantly being produced and innovations in reproductive technologies advance at a rapid rate, it is difficult, if not impossible, to keep pace. However, the arguments and theoretical frameworks that underpin this research remain relevant, largely because this project resonates beyond the specificity of ARTs and draws historicized comparisons that tap into a much longer tradition of cross-racial reproductive labor.

Assessment of Egg and Sperm Donors

2017 ◽  
pp. 660-666
Author(s):  
Adam J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mental Health Practitioners ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Niche Area

The assessment of egg and sperm donors is an important area of niche practice for mental health professionals. With the appropriate training, mental health practitioners can offer these much-needed services to prospective parents who are using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to deal with infertility. Due to the invasiveness of these procedures, as well as their physical and emotional ramifications, many clinics and hospitals require a psychological evaluation of any individual who provides egg donation or becomes a gestational carrier or surrogate. This chapter describes the details of this niche area of practice and how the author developed an interest in it. The author covers its joys and challenges, the business aspects of this area of practice, guidance on developing this niche area of practice, and resources to assist in this process.

scholarly journals Availability of the assisted reproductive technologies in the region of former Yugoslav countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 357-367
Author(s):  
Gordana Kovacek-Stanic
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
The Impact

In the paper ?Availability of the assisted reproductive technologies in the region of former Yugoslav countries?, author analyzes laws in: Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Croatia and Slovenia. There are two elements with the impact to availability of ART: who the subjects are (spouses, heterosexual partners, same-sex partners, woman without partner) and which procedures are regulated. For instance, surrogate motherhood is regulated only in Macedonia in present time. In addition, author analyzes regulation of the donation of the genetic material (sperm, ova, embryo) and posthumous fertilization in all mentioned countries.

123 LONG-TERM PRODUCTION OF IN VITRO-MATURED PORCINE OOCYTES AND EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
A. M. Paprocki ◽  
C. M. Syverson ◽  
R. W. Koppang ◽  
J. R. Dobrinsky
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryos

Although in vivo matured, ovulated, or both, oocytes provide the finest genetic material for use in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), their en masse production requires livestock production facilities, staff and associated overhead, is expensive and labor intensive, their harvest involves surgical or laparoscopic expertise, and large yields needed for en masse daily embryo production are cumbersome and very costly. In vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes have long been a practical gamete source for ART, including in vitro fertilization, ICSI and cloning. Rather than using conventional IVF to produce embryos, we employ in vitro oocyte activation for the production of diploidized parthenogenetic embryos, removing problems associated with variable embryo production due to polyspermic inseminations. In this way, we can produce a repeatable and consistent supply of mature oocytes, advanced embryos, or both, used in product testing, quality control, transgenic or cloned (or both) embryo production, in vitro development controls, as well as in-house culture control embryos for customer scientific data sharing. In this study, we observe mature oocyte and parthenogenetic embryo production over a complete year as control information for our laboratory. Additionally, colleagues may use these data for comparison in their own scientific mission. At least 3 times a month for 12 consecutive months, ovaries were collected from mature females at an abattoir and transported to our laboratory. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were aspirated from 4–6 mm follicles with an 18-gauge needle fixed to a vacuum pump system. Only COC surrounded by two or more layers of compact cumulus investment and containing oocytes of equal size were placed into a commercial TCM-199-based IVM system (Minitube of America Inc., Verona, WI, USA). After 42 h IVM, mature oocytes were isolated from their expanded cumulus and subjected to chemical (ionomycin/DMAP) parthenogenetic activation based on US Patent 5,496,720. Embryos were cultured 120 h in NCSU-23, then cultured for an additional 48 h in NCSU-23 (no BSA) supplemented with 10% FBS. A minimum of 1504 premium and 4604 standard oocytes (Minitube of America Inc.) were placed into IVM. Both premium (1364, 90.7%) and standard (4061, 88.2%; P > 0.05) oocytes are used to produce mature oocytes (MO). Of 781 premium MOs made into diploidized parthenogenetic embryos, 459 (58.8%) developed into blastocysts (61.3 cells/embryo). Of 2068 standard MO made into diploidized parthenogenetic embryos, 914 (44.2%; P < 0.05) developed into blastocysts (64.7 cells/embryo). En masse in vitro maturation of oocytes can supply a repeatable and consistent supply of mature oocytes for use in assisted reproductive technologies. These MO have the developmental potential to form blastocysts in vitro and enable scientists to infer developmental competence of in vitro-produced embryos for research and commercial use.

Masturbation and Semen Collection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. Inhorn
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Semen Collection

This chapter explores the tragic story of Shaykh Ali—a story of a devout Muslim man struggling with his infertile body, his attitudes toward sperm donation, and his unrequited sexuality. Shaykh Ali suffers from a preventable form of male infertility—namely, uncorrected, undescended testicles—which have stopped him from being able to produce sperm. Not all Middle Eastern men are as religiously pious as Shaykh Ali, nor have they suffered the same physical and emotional pain. Nonetheless, Shaykh Ali's story speaks in a powerful way to many of the themes in this study; including the role of Islam in shaping the uses of assisted reproductive technologies, Muslim men's general unwillingness to consider sperm donation as a solution to male infertility, and emerging areas of dissonance and dissent to the prevailing religious discourse.

scholarly journals Infertile Couples' Needs after Unsuccessful Fertility Treatment: a Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Ebrahimzadeh Zagami ◽  
Robab Latifnejad Roudsari ◽  
Roksana Janghorban ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi Bazaz ◽  
Maliheh Amirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Infertile Patients

Introduction: Infertility is a major medical issue. Investigations and treatment of infertility are the beginning of a complex, time-consuming and stressful process for couples that may fail well. The present study explored the needs of infertile couples following treatment failure with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in an Iranian infertility center, in the Northeast of the country between April 2016 and June 2017. The researchers recruited 29 individuals including 9 couples, 9 women and two men with primary infertility through purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed iteratively, using conventional content analysis with MAXQDA software. Results: The main concepts obtained from the data were classified into one theme titled: ""The need for support"" and four main categories along with their subcategories, and included the need for psychological support, the need for more useful information, the need for social support and the need to access to supplementary services. Conclusion: The findings show that following treatment failure, the infertile patients’ expressed needs and preferences were not met. Identifying and meeting their needs may help the infertile couples to deal with ARTs failure and to reach a decision about future treatment.

scholarly journals Epididymal sperm quality of Kacang goat preserved in low temperature for genetic material utilization in assisted reproductive technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
S Prastowo ◽  
A F Nugroho ◽  
R Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Male Function ◽  
Intact Membrane ◽  
Material Utilization

Abstract Postmortem epidydimal preservation at low temperature (3-4°C), is a way to preserve and recover male genetic material. This effort aims for prolonging male function as sperm source, followed with its utilization in assisted reproductive technologies. This study aimed to observe the quality of sperm form cauda epididymis which preserved at low temperature for consecutive days. Sperm were retrieved from twelve cauda epididymis of Kacang Goat and its qualities namely motility, intact membrane, life/dead, and abnormality (all in %) were evaluated in every 2 days until 0% motility. Data were compared using analysis of variance at a = 0.05. Result shows significant (P<0.05) decrease in motility, intact membrane, and life/dead, but increase in abnormality during observation at day 0, day 2, day 4 and day 6, respectively. At the respective days, motility was 91.33±1.25%; 74.67±3.88%; 28.17±2.25% and 0.33±0.57%, intact membrane was 54.83±1.04%; 39±3.77%; 25.1±3.32% and 14.83±2.75%, life/dead was 55.17±4.01%; 36±3.5%; 24.3±3.25% and 12±2.78%, abnormality was 3.16±0.76%; 4.16±0.76%; 6.16±2.25% and 11±2.17%. According to the study, it is concluded that preserved sperm from cauda epididymis at low temperature shows decrease in quality and its utilization should rely on the quality status to select the most appropriate assisted reproductive technology.

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