scholarly journals Conservation of Genetic Diversity of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Cristian ALBU ◽  
Aurel MAXIM ◽  
Raluca Maria PÂRLICI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
International Convention ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Convention On Biodiversity

Among the main problems encountered with crop plants, the most important one is represented by genetic erosion. At world level this issue has been debated within the Convention on Biodiversity adopted in UN Conference of Rio de Janeiro and The International Convention regarding Genetic Resources of Plants for Alimentation and Agriculture. In Europe, the regulations in this field are made by the European Directive 98/95 EEC. Across time tomatoes have suffered a heightened process of genetic diversity, phenomenon caused by industrialized farming which is based on the use of very uniform varieties with high productivity. The extension of green agriculture, has led to the use of landraces, because they respond best to the traditional farming systems. In Western Europe organizations of peasants had been founded and, they are involved in different activities aiming at conservation of traditional forms of agriculture and the use of old varieties. In Romania the institutions with continuous preoccupations in the field of vegetal genetic conservation, especially landraces, are the Gene Bank from Suceava and UASMV Cluj-Napoca. By using conservation methods (in situ and ex situ), the genetic erosion surely phenomenon of vegetal genetic resources, implicitly tomatoes, is reduced, the future generations will benefit from valuable genetic resources.

scholarly journals Duck Genetic Resources, Their Improvement And Conservation In Bangladesh: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Research Institute

The present article addresses the scenario of duck genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances, their improvement and conservation in Bangladesh. The duck, among other poultry species available in the country, are used for meat and egg production. The duck germplasm available in the country are indigenous/native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. The native duck population is comprised of Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. The improved native such as, BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 are developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The exotic duck such as, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Jending, Muscovy, White Pekin, Cherry Valley, Thailand Black etc. are also used at farms level. The crossbred of different ducks are used in the country at different farming systems. Improvement and conservation of native duck are ongoing both in-situ and ex-situ in vivo by DLS, BLRI, BAU and also by others. The present study provided baseline information on duck germplasm of Bangladesh which could be useful for future genetic characterization, improvement and conservation. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 31-42 (2019)

High genetic diversity of in situ and ex situ populations of Madagascan coffee species: further implications for the management of coffee genetic resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domohina N. Andrianasolo ◽  
Aaron P. Davis ◽  
Norosoa J. Razafinarivo ◽  
Serge Hamon ◽  
Jean-Jacques Rakotomalala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffee Species

scholarly journals Comparing Genetic Diversity in Three Threatened Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Emma Suzuki Spence ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Kayri Havens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

scholarly journals Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Implications for In Situ Conservation of Wild Celery (Apium graveolens L. ssp. graveolens)

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Frese ◽  
Maria Bönisch ◽  
Marion Nachtigall ◽  
Uta Schirmak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Genetic Reserve

In Germany, the wild ancestor (Apium graveolens L. ssp. graveolens) of celery and celeriac is threatened by genetic erosion. Seventy-eight potentially suitable genetic reserve sites representing differing ecogeographic units were assessed with regard to the conservation status of the populations. At 27 of the 78 sites, 30 individual plants were sampled and genetically analyzed with 16 polymorphic microsatellite makers. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) was applied to identify clusters of genetically similar individuals. In most cases (25 out of 27 occurrences) individuals clustered into groups according to their sampling site. Next to three clearly separated occurrences (AgG, AgUW, AgFEH) two large groups of inland and Baltic Sea coast occurrences, respectively, were recognized. Occurrences from the coastal part of the distribution area were interspersed into the group of inland occurrences and vice versa. The genetic distribution pattern is therefore complex. The complementary compositional genetic differentiation Δj was calculated to identify the Most Appropriate Wild Populations (MAWP) for the establishment of genetic reserves. Altogether 15 sites are recommended to form a genetic reserve network. This organisational structure appears suitable for promoting the in situ conservation of intraspecific genetic diversity and the species’ adaptability. As seed samples of each MAWP will be stored in a genebank, the network would likewise contribute to the long-term ex situ conservation of genetic resources for plant breeding.

scholarly journals Survey for The Conservation of Agrobiodiversity in Three Italian Linguistic (Occitan, Croatian and Franco-Provençal) Islands.

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Laghetti ◽  
Giovanni Ghiglione ◽  
Antonino De Lisi ◽  
Gina Maruca ◽  
Francesco Losavio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Plant Genetics ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Crop Science ◽  
Linguistic Islands

This study is a continuation of a research started in 1996 to study and safeguard the agrobiodiversity in Italian linguistic islands by the Institute of Plant Genetics of the C.N.R. of Bari (Italy) and the Institute of Crop Science of Kassel University (Germany). In 2011 additional three collecting missions were carried out in the Franco-Provençal, Croatian, and Occitan linguistic areas. In all 146 accessions were collected belonging mainly to landraces of cereals, pulses and vegetables. Even if these linguistic areas still conserve worthy crop genetic resources (e.g. rye and wheat in Occitan districts, common beans in Franco-Provençal villages of Apulia region), a strong genetic erosion of the most typical crops was recorded. Safeguarding these crops both ex situ and in situ is thus a matter of urgency.

scholarly journals Conservación de recursos genéticos de la agrobiodiversidad como apoyo al desarrollo de sistemas de producción sostenibles

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lobo Arias ◽  
Clara Inés Medina Cano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Costs

<p>El crecimiento poblacional y los cambios en el entorno requieren de la disponibilidad de diversidad genética para el desarrollo de sistemas de producción sostenibles, eficientes y competitivos. Esto implica colectar, conservar y conocer los atributos de las poblaciones en mantenimiento de especies de valor actual y taxones relacionados, al igual que entidades biológicas con potencial de desarrollo, lo cual cobra importancia dada la creciente erosión genética. Esto plantea la necesidad de estrategias complementarias de conservación ex situ e in situ, dando prioridad a la variabilidad genética a ser incluida en el proceso, debido a los costos de mantenimiento, y considerar factores no sólo económicos sino también sociales, así como los limitantes actuales para acceder a la diversidad internacional. Este artículo presenta una revisión sobre la importancia de la conservación de los recursos genéticos vegetales, animales y de microorganismos de la agrobiodiversidad, e incluye una discusión y algunos aspectos requeridos para la priorización de taxones y tipo de materiales que se deben incluir en el proceso. Para ello, se parte de la premisa de que la conservación de la diversidad genética sirve para la realización de procesos de valor agregado y de utilización posterior.  </p><p> </p><p><strong>Agrobiodiversity genetic resources conservation for the development of sustainable production systems</strong>  </p><p>Human population growth and environmental changes require the availability of genetic diversity for the development of sustainable, efficient and competitive production systems. This means collection, conservation and characterization of the attributes present in the genetic resources of current important taxa and wild related, and promising species with development potential, which is magnified for a current genetic erosion. It requires complementary ex situ and in situ conservation strategies as well as prioritization of the diversity to be included in the process, due to the conservation costs, considering not only economic values, but also social aspects and the access limitations to genetic resources at international level. The current paper includes a revision related to the importance of the conservation of the plant, animal and microorganisms genetic resources, concerned to agrobiodiversity, with some discussion related to this topic, as well as aspects to be considered for the priorities of species and type of materials to be conserved. For such purpose, the premise is that such diversity, after added-value processes, could be used for the development of sustainable agricultural production systems. </p>

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Coconut Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Roland Bourdeix ◽  
Steve Adkins ◽  
Vincent Johnson ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Sisunandar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

scholarly journals AUTOCHTHONOUS BREEDS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND CONSERVATION MEASURES

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran MALETIC
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Diversity Preservation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Conventions

Recently, highly productive breeds of various species of domestic animals have been used in livestock production, which has resulted in the destruction of indigenous breeds of domestic animals around the world, even in our area. This is the first reason why indigenous races and strains have been endangered. Another reason is that domestic, indigenous breeds were crossed with specialized breeds, which were imported, and in that way their genetic diversity was negatively affected. Resistance is lost, adaptation to the conditions in which they were created, the ability to survive in nature. Indigenous breeds of different species of domestic animals, which are recognized in the Republic of Srpska (BiH) are gatačko cattle and buša (cattle), Vlašić pramenka, Podveleška pramenka, Kupres pramenka (sheep), domestic Balkan horned goat (goats), Bosnian mountain horse (horses), mangulica (pigs) and pogrmuša hen or živičarka hen (poultry). By acceding to international conventions, BiH /Republic of Srpska has committed itself to establishing a system of measures that will enable the conservation of biological diversity and the protection of indigenous and endangered breeds of domestic animals. The choice of a strategy for the conservation of diversity, the establishment of an adequate conservation scheme, and the implementation of a conservation strategy are some of the key elements of any process for the conservation of genetic diversity. Preservation of autochthonous and protected breeds of domestic animals is possible through preservation in the original environment (in situ) and preservation outside the original environment (ex situ). There is a possibility of combining these models of conservation of animal genetic resources.

scholarly journals Research Concerning Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L. Mill) Genetic Diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel MAXIM ◽  
Mignon ŞANDOR ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Ovidiu MAXIM ◽  
Oana MARE ROŞCA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Industrial Farming ◽  
The University

During the second part of the twentieth century the cultivated plants have been faced with genetic erosion, because of the expandinding industrial farming systems. The sustainable agriculture can not exist without a rich genetic diversity. After the United Nations Conference from Rio de Janeiro (1992), when the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted, a series of acts and european references that protect agrobiodiversity had emerged. Between 2007 and 2010, at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine a program which aims to identify and conserve local vegetable varieties was conducted. Out of 290 cultivars, 171 (58.9%) were genuine local varieties. There were collected 12 cucumber cultivars from the following counties: Salaj (7), Cluj (3), Bistrita-Nasaud (1) and Satu-Mare (1). The morphologic caractheristics proved that all this 12 cultivars were authentic and valuable local varieties. The local varieties were agronomical, biological and biochemical characterized, both in field and laboratory. The seeds achieved from those 12 local varieties were preserved in the Suceava Gene Bank, from where stakeholders (farmers, agronomists, researchers) can obtain seeds.

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