scholarly journals Mortality due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated social factors: a spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatiana Araújo Maranhão ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Mônica de Avelar Figueiredo Mafra Magalhães ◽  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
Leonardo Miranda Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern of AIDS mortality and social factors associated with its occurrence. Methods: An ecological study that considered 955 AIDS deaths of residents in Piauí, reported in the Mortality Information System (MIS) from 2007 to 2015. Non-spatial and spatial regression models were used to identify social determinants of AIDS mortality, with a significance of 5%. Results: The predictors of AIDS mortality were illiteracy rate in males (p = 0.020), proportion of households with water supply (p = 0.015), percentage of people in households with inadequate walls (p = 0.022), percentage of people in households vulnerable to poverty and in whom no one has completed primary education (p = 0.000) and percentage of people in households vulnerable to poverty and dependent on the elderly (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Social indicators related to education, job and income generation and housing were associated with AIDS mortality.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Socioeconomic Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuman Sun ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Huiguo Zhang ◽  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Xijian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicenter of the outbreak since the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to be prevalent. This article proposes several regression models to investigate the relationships between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and socioeconomic factors (the gross domestic product per capita, and population density) in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for 2011–2016. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of these models along with the Newton–Raphson procedure and Fisher scoring algorithm. Comparing these regression models, there exist significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity and auto-correlations between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and two socioeconomic factors. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that the geographically and temporally weighted Poisson autoregressive (GTWPAR) model is more suitable than other models, and has the better fitting results.

scholarly journals Candida glabrata: Adopting Pathogenicity and Resistant Mechanisms for Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahaya Hassan ◽  
Shu Yih Chew ◽  
Leslie Thian Lung Than
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetes patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors. The work aimed to review various virulence factors that facilitate the survival of pathogenic C. glabrata in IC. The available published research articles related to the pathogenicity of C. glabrata were retrieved and reviewed from four credible databases, mainly Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles highlighted many virulence factors associated with pathogenicity in C. glabrata, including adherence to a susceptible host surface, evading host defences, and producing hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., phospholipases, proteases, and haemolysins). The factors facilitate infection initiation. Other virulent factors include iron regulation and genetic mutations. Accordingly, biofilm production, tolerance to high-stress environments, and development of resistance to the antifungal drug, notably to fluconazole and other azole derivatives, were reported. The review provided evident pathogenic mechanisms and antifungal resistance associated with C. glabrata in ensuring its sustenance and survival.

scholarly journals Biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors associated with death from AIDS in Brasília, Brazil, in 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Bueno Lopes ◽  
Edina Mariko Koga da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group Frequency ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: In the jurisdiction of Brasília, Brazil, significant reductions in mortality rates and lethality resulting from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were observed shortly after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In recent years, however, the decline of these rates has not been as significant. Non-adherence to treatment and delayed diagnosis appear to be the main factors that increase the risk of death from AIDS. Behavioral, socioeconomic, and biological factors could also be associated with increased risk of death due to AIDS. This study aimed to identify which of these factors were associated with deaths from AIDS in Brasília. METHODS: A case-control study was undertaken using the data recorded in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. Cases consisted of AIDS deaths occurring in 2007, residing in Brasília, and over 12 years of age. Controls consisted of AIDS patients who did not die until December 31 2007, also residing in Brasília, and over 12 years of age. For each group, frequency and proportion tables for the variables were prepared. The statistical association of each factor in isolation with the occurrence of the deaths was verified through a model of multivariate analysis using logistic regression. RESULTS: The factors that were associated with an increased risk of death were intravenous drug use, age 50 years or more, and residing in a region whose residents have low per capita income. CONCLUSIONS: We identified factors associated with death due to AIDS that can guide health planning.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations of the elderly for reasons related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, Rondônia, Brazil, 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welliton Repiso Burgarelli ◽  
Luan Acas Serigiolli ◽  
Gabriel Pandolfo Marmentini ◽  
Luciano Teixeira Gomes ◽  
Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
The State ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Introduction: For the elderly, cultural factors and social paradigms predispose to the rejection of condom use, which favors human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The North region was the last area for the spread of HIV in Brazil. Rondônia, although with a slight decline in the HIV detection rate in recent years, is still among the states with high mortality rate due to HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Brazil. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the elderly patients who were hospitalized for reasons related to HIV infection in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive study of secondary data recorded from 2010 to 2018. The cause of hospitalization was identified in the field referring to the main and secondary diagnoses of the hospitalization authorization form. Results: Between 2010 and 2018, Rondônia recorded 1,073,932 hospitalizations for any cause in the state’s public hospitals. Out of these, 183,803 (17.1%) were of elderly patients over 60 years of age and 249 (0.13%) were due to HIV/AIDS. There was a progressive increase in the number of hospitalizations during the study period, as well as a predominance of younger elderly men (67.1±6.0 years old). The mean length of hospitalizations was 21.3±21.1 days and 57 (24.1%) elderly patients died. Conclusion: Despite all the progress made in HIV prevention and treatment, the state of Rondônia still has a progressive increase in hospitalizations of elderly people for reasons related to HIV/AIDS. HIV transmission prevention strategies should be emphasized in the elderly population in the state.

scholarly journals Self-care of elderly people after the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
Graciela Machado de Araujo ◽  
Marinês Tambara Leite ◽  
Leila Mariza Hildebrandt ◽  
Cinthia Cristina Oliveski ◽  
Margrid Beuter
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the seropositive elderly for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in their socio-demographic aspects; to understand how the elderly take care of themselves from the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory research conducted at a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center with 10 elderly people receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS. The data were analyzed according to the content analysis. Results: Data show the elderly people’s lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission, the experience of being elderly and having HIV/AIDS, caring for oneself and life after diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in their daily lives. Final considerations: The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS seropositivity in the elderly generates a blend of feelings and fears that lead to food changes, adherence to treatment and the renunciation of daily and social habits, manifested as ways of self-care.

Mortalidade por AIDS no Centro-Oeste brasileiro em 10 anos: uma análise de séries temporais por faixas etárias.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Vinicius Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Bruna De Moraes Rodrigues ◽  
Erika Carvalho De Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Increasing Trends

Objetivos: O estudo visa identificar as tendências de óbito pela Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) no Centro-oeste entre 2005 e 2015. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico. Calcularam-se as taxas por 100 mil habitantes no programa Excel e as análises estatísticas no programa Stata, 13.0. Foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten, obtendo-se o coeficiente “β” e o valor de p. Resultados: O menor número de óbitos notificados foi de 8 casos e o maior 2.559. A maior taxa média de mortalidade foi de 40 a 49 anos, com 12 óbitos/100.000 hab., e a média para todas foi 5,1 óbitos/10.000 hab. (RP = 2,36). A faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos teve tendência decrescente (β = -0.00908 e P-Valor = 0.001), a de 50 a 59 anos (β = 0.014 e p = 0.006) e 60 a 69 anos (β = 0.016 e p = 0.001) tendências crescentes e as outras foram estacionárias. Conclusão: Foram identificadas tendências estacionárias na maior parte das faixas etárias, com excessão das faixas que vão dos 50 aos 70 anos, indicando possíveis lacunas na abordagem de saúde do idoso.AbstractObjectives: The study aims to identify the trends of death by Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the central-west between 2005 and 2015. Methods: Ecological study. Rates were calculated by 100,000 inhabitants on Excel program, and the statistical analysis on the Stata program, 13.0, through the method of Prais-Winsten regression, getting the “β” coefficient and p-value. Results: The lower number of deaths notified was 8 and the higher was 2559. The higher average rate of mortality was 40 to 49 years, with 12 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, and the average rate to all was 5,1 deaths/100,000 people (PR = 2,36). The AG of 30 to 39 years had a decreasing trend (β = -0.00908 e P-Valor = 0.001), 50 to 59 (β = 0.014 e p = 0.006) and 60 to 69 years (β = 0.016 e p = 0.001) increasing trends, and the others were stationary. Conclusion: Mostly stationary trends were identified, however, increasing trends were found. 

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