Weed suppression by green manure in an agroecological system

ABSTRACT Green manure promotes efficient suppression of weeds, but green manure species can exhibit distinct behaviors, depending on the environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of soil mulching and weed suppression by spring/summer green manure species grown in the spring/summer season, at different growth stages and after management (cut), for 90 days during the cassava crop cycle. The study was carried out in the 2010/2011 season, in a system managed under agroecological principles. The treatments consisted of different green manure species and arrangements: Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum americanum intercropped; Mucuna aterrima, Sorghum bicolor, a mixture of all the green manures in study and a control plot under fallow. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The evaluations of the soil cover either by the green manures or weeds were performed at 45, 90 and 105 days after the emergence of the green manures. The cassava crop was planted under reduced tillage system at 11 days after the cut of the green manures. The percentage of soil covered by weeds and the dry matter produced were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. The results showed that the green manures had a suppressive effect on weeds during their life cycle, as well as during the first months after its management (cut), composing the mulch.

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Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous green manure species in the Jaguaribe-Apodi region, Ceará, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 970-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Natanael Santiago Pereira ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

Fábio Rodrigues de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Decomposition Rates ◽

Release Rates ◽

Litter Bags ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Dolichos Lablab ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT: The use of leguminous green manure can be an alternative for the region agricultural systems due to its ability to incorporate significant amounts of nutrients into the soil through decomposition and nutrient release from biomass. This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition rates and nutrient release of six leguminous green manure species ( Crotalaria juncea , Canavalia ensiformes , Cajanus cajan , Crotalaria spectabilis , Dolichos lablab and Mucuna deeringiana ) in an area of the Jaguaribe-Apodi agricultural region, Brazil. Experiment was carried out under field conditions in a randomized block design with five replications. Decomposition and nutrient release from leguminous biomass were monitored by sampling at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after installing litter bags. In general, Crotalaria spectabilis and Canavalia ensiformes showed higher decomposition and nutrient release rates and they are the most promising for the region in the conditions of this study. However, for greater persistence of residues in the soil, Crotalaria juncea is more recommended.

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Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah Organik dengan Berbagai Macam Aplikasi Pupuk Hijau Glirisidia

JURNAL AGRI-TEK Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta ◽

10.33319/agtek.v19i2.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marti Winarni

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

The Sun ◽

Green Manures ◽

Organic Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Treatment Factor

The object of the study was to obtain the types of application of Glirisidia green manures on the growth and yield of organic rice lowland. The experimental pot experiment was carried out in a randomized block design consisting of one factor and three replications. The treatment factor was 10 various application of Glirisidia leaves. The treatments are: 100% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 40% compost; 40% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; 100% wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% of wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 40% compost; 40% wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; 100% sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% of the sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 40% of compost; 40% of the sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; and 0% Glirisidia leaves + 100% compost. The results showed that the various application of Glirisidia leaves increased the grain yield 34, 09% compared to the application of 0% Glirisidia leaf + 100% compost. The grain/ hill of yield could be improved by application of 100% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost (164,47 g grain/hill), 100% of wind-dried Gliricidia leaves (165,55 g grain/ hill) + 0% compost, or 100% sun-dried Gliricidia leaves + 0% compost (169,14 g grain/ hill). Keywords—: organic rice lowland; green manure; various application of Glirisidia leaves.

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Soil macrofauna in green manures preceding cotton growing

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-48180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Elen Regina Caceres de Souza ◽

Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽

Thiara de Azevedo Tezolin ◽

Alfredo Raul Abot ◽

Francisco Eduardo Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Density ◽

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Green Manures ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Cotton Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Taxonomic Groups

The objective of this work was to evaluate the abundance of the soil macrofauna in four green manure species, before the cotton crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments: Mucuna pruriens (gray mucuna), Canavalia ensiformes (pork bean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Crotalaria juncea (crotalaria). The macrofauna was captured by means of collections with collections using pitfall traps. The data were processed through the cluster analysis to verify the similarity among green manure species as to the occurrence of soil macrofauna. The orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera L (Larval), Hymenoptera and Coleoptera (adult), respectively, had the highest local relative abundance. There was a significant effect of the cover plants on the taxonomic groups and relative density of the soil macrofauna. Green manures were more determinant in the abundance and relative density of the soil macrofauna than the region climate. Up to 60 days after sowing the cotton crop, there was a beneficial influence of the green manures on the soil macrofauna.

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Biomass and nutrient accumulation of leguminous green manure species in the Jaguaribe-Apodi region, Ceará, Brazil

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.3945 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natanael Santiago Pereira ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

Fábio Rodrigues de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Promising Treatment ◽

Agriculture Systems ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

The ability of leguminous green manure to incorporate significant amounts of nutrientes into the soil makes them excellent alternatives for the region agriculture systems. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of six leguminous species (Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformes, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria spectabilis, Dolichos lab lab and Mucuna deeringiana) as green manure in an area of the Jaguaribe-Apodi agricultural region, CE, Brazil. The experiments were carried out under field conditions in a randomized block design with five replications. Sampling of biomass of shoots was carried out 78 days after sowing on each plot. It was determined the total biomass and nutrients accumulation in the plants that grew in the plots (leguminous and weeds). We concluded that the use of Crotalaria juncea showed up as the most promising treatment in terms of biomass production and nutrient accumulation.Biomassa e acúmulo de nutrients por espécies de leguminosas utilizadas como adubo verde na região do Jaguaribe-Apodi, Ceará, BrasilResumo: A habilidade de espécies de leguminosas utilizadas como adubos verdes em incorporar quantidades significativas de nutrientes no solo fazem destas excelentes alternativas para as regiões agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização de seis espécies leguminosas (Crotalaria juncea; Canavalia ensiformes - feijão-de-porco; Cajanus cajan - Guandu anão; Crotalaria spectabilis; Dolichos lab lab - Labe-labe; e Mucuna deeringiana - Mucuna anã) como adubo verde em uma área no Agropólo Jaguaribe-Apodi, CE, Brasil. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em condições de campo, em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Foram amostradas as partes aéreas das plantas aos 78 dias após a semeadura em cada parcela. Foram determinadas a biomassa e o acúmulo totais de nutrientes das plantas que cresceram na parcela (leguminosas e invasoras). Nas condições edafoclimáticas em que o trabalho foi realizado pode-se concluir que o tratamento com utilização de Crotalaria juncea apresentou-se como o mais promissor em termos de aporte de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes.

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Influence of nitrogen fertilization and green manure on the economic feasibility of no-tilled wheat in the Cerrado

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2012000200014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 246-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Douglas de Castilho Gitti ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Mariana Melero ◽

Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Block Design ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Production Costs ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Pennisetum Americanum ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Winter Crop

The search for higher profitability in wheat crop with cost reduction technologies that may promote sustainability is an important matter in Brazilian agriculture. This study evaluated the profitability of no-tilled wheat, reducing nitrogen topdressing doses with the cultivation of green manure before the wheat crop. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria (MS), Brazil, in 2009/10. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 36 treatments in splitplots and four replicates. The plots were formed by six types of green manure: Cajanus cajan L. BRS Mandarin, Crotalaria juncea L., Pennisetum americanum L. BRS 1501, fallow area and mixed cropping of Pennisetum americanum L. + Cajanus cajan L. and Pennisetum americanum L. + crotalaria which provided straw for no-tilled wheat in the winter, following the rice crop in the summer. The subplots were formed by six levels of topdressing nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg N ha-1) using urea as a nitrogen source. The wheat grown after green manure in the previous winter crop, with no nitrogen topdressing and a rate of 25 kg ha-1 N, had more frequently production costs above the gross income. Wheat production cost after the mixed cropping Pennisetum americanum L. + Cajanus cajan L. and Pennisetum americanum L. + Crotalaria juncea L. from the previous winter crop, combined with nitrogen rates of 50 and 75 kg N ha-1, provided better profitability compared with the other green manures evaluated.

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Adubação verde com espécies espontâneas da caatinga no cultivo do rabanete em sucessão a rúcula

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4498 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Whenia Benevides Ramalho ◽

Paulo César Ferreira Linhares ◽

Janilson Pinheiro de Assis ◽

Alany Moisa Bezerra de Almeida ◽

Lauvia Moesia Morais Cunha

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Green Manures ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Aerial Roots ◽

Intense Activity ◽

The Cost

O rabanete é uma planta de ciclo curto e o ambiente exerce grande interferência na qualidade de suas raízes O efeito residual da adubação anterior em cultivos subsequente é de suma importância, uma vez que a fertilização do solo em uma atividade tão intensa, como a olericultura, aumentaria o custo de produção sempre que fosse implantada uma nova cultura. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, no período de julho a novembro de 2010. Objetivou-se avaliar a adubação verde com espécies espontâneas da caatinga no cultivo do rabanete em sucessão ao cultivo da rúcula. O rabanete assim como a rúcula foi plantado em parcelas de 1,2 x 1,2 m sendo avaliado o efeito residual das espécies espontâneas da caatinga (Jitirana, flor-de-seda e mata-pasto) nas quantidades (0; 6,0; 12,0; 18,0; 24,0 e 30,0 t ha-1). Após a retirada do primeiro cultivo, semearam-se sementes de rabanete nas parcelas referente aos tratamentos acima citados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, no esquema fatorial 6 x 3, sendo seis quantidades de adubos verdes e três tipos de adubos verdes (jitirana; mata-pasto e flor-de-seda). A cultivar de rabanete plantado foi a Crimson Gigante. As características avaliadas do rabanete foram: altura de planta, diâmetro de raiz; número de folhas; produtividade comercial e raízes mais parte aérea. O efeito residual da quantidade 23 t ha-1 de adubo verde promoveu maior incremento na produtividade comercial e de raízes mais parte aérea, cujos valores máximos foram de 1,5 e 2,26 kg m-2 de canteiro, respectivamente.Green manuring with spontaneous species of the savanna in radish cultivation in succession to rocketAbstract: The radish is a short-cycle plant and the environment has great interference as its roots the residual effect of previous fertilization in subsequent crops is extremely important, since soil fertilization in such an intense activity, such as horticulture, increase the cost of production when a new culture was implanted. This study was conducted at the experimental farm Rafael Fernandes, belonging to the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido, Mossoró-RN, in the period from July to November 2010. The objective was to evaluate green manures with spontaneous species of the savanna in radish cultivation succession to the cultivation of arugula. Radish as well as the rocket was planted in plots of 1.2 x 1.2 m being evaluated the residual effect of spontaneous species of caatinga (scarlet starglory, fleur-de-silk and kill pasture) in the quantities (0, 6.0 ; 12.0; 18.0; 24.0 and 30.0 t ha-1). After removal of the first crop, seeded radish seeds in the portions regarding the above mentioned treatments. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications, in a factorial 3 x 6, six amounts of green manures and three types of green manures (scarlet starglory, kill grass and flower-de-silk). The cultivar planted radish was the Crimson Giant. The evaluated Radish characteristics were: plant height, root diameter; number of sheets; business productivity and more aerial roots. The residual effect of the amount 23 t ha-1 of green manure promoted greater increase in business productivity and more aerial roots that maximum values were 1.5 and 2.26 kg m-2 site, respectively.

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PENGARUH SUMBER PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PENAMPILAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) PADA TATA TANAM BARIS GANDA BENIH GANDA

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v17i1.2828 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Djumali Busro ◽

Sri Mulyaningsih ◽

Teger Basuki

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

High Dose ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Randomized Block Design

Increased productivity of sugarcane in upland area can be done through the implementation of the integration of manure with a high dose of inorganic fertilizer in the double rows and twice plant populations of single row (“double rows double seeds”) planting arrangement. Limited availability of manure and inorganic fertilizer entails the replacement of manure with green manure fertilizer. The research was aimed to obtain a green manure as replacement manure that can be intercropped in the double rows double seeds planting arrangement. The experiment was done in the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java on January to December 2014 for plant cane (PC) and from January to December 2015 for ratoon cane (RC). Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design time for replication. The treatment includes (1) the four rows of Crotalaria juncea, (2) two rows of Crotalaria juncea, (3) four rows of peanuts in width between rows of sugar cane, (4) manure, and (5) no organic fertilizer. The results showed that the integration of organic fertilizer with a low dose of inorganic fertilizers increases productivity and sugar yield 5.20 to 41.78% and 33.33 to 69.90%, respectively in PC and 7.33 to 32.67% and 5.74 to 29.61%, respectively in RC from no organic fertilizer. Four rows of Crotalaria juncea could replace the role of manure in improving the productivity and sugar yield for PC and two rows of Crotalaria juncea for RC.

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Quality and yield of yam tubers cultivated with green manure in the Northeastern Brazil

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i2.1725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 275-280

Author(s):

Marlon Da Silva Garrido ◽

Ana Cristina Fermino Soares ◽

Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes ◽

Everardo Valadares de Sá Barreto Sampaio ◽

Erik Micael da Silva Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Low Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Market Quality ◽

Green Manures ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sunn Hemp

Yam (Dioscorea cayennensis Lam.) is a promising crop for small growers in the Northeast of Brazil, but productivities are limited due to low fertilization rates. Green manure could be an alternative due to its low cost and high availability. However, there is little information available regarding the effects of green manures on the productivity of yam. The quality and yield of yam tubers, “da costa” variety, were evaluated under application of three different green manures and a control treatment: 1) yam intercropped with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.); 2) yam intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.); 3) yam intercropped with a combination of sunn hemp and pigeon pea; and 4) conventional yam crop system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey´s test at 5%. Percentage values were transformed into arc sen (x/100)0.5. Sunn hemp and the combination of sunn hemp with pigeon pea produced the highest green manure biomasses (3.8 and 3.6 t DM ha-1, respectively) versus 2.1 t ha-1 with the use of only pigeon pea. However, the N concentration was higher in pigeon pea than in sunn hemp (26 and 16 g kg-1). Intercropping with pigeon pea led to the highest yield for total tubers (33.1 t ha-1), for market quality (32.2 t ha-1) and standard exportation quality tubers (23.0 t ha-1).

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Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria and Farmyard Manure on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Bt-Cotton

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1030469 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

K. V. S. L. Raj Rushi ◽

P. Prasuna Rani ◽

P. R. K. Prasad ◽

P. Anil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Plant Samples ◽

Randomized Block Design

Aim: To determine the effect of integrated use of inorganic phosphorus along with phosphorus solubilising bacteria and farmyard manure on nutrient Content and uptake in Bt-Cotton. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the Tulasi-BG II hybrid of cotton was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed using standard chemical procedures. Results: The uptake of macronutrients viz., N, P, and K was markedly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded by the treatment that received 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB. Their uptake significantly differed with increase in dose of phosphorus applied at all growth stages. Combined use of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB resulted in a significant increase in uptake of all micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) at all stages except Cu at 90 DAS. Conclusion: Application of phosphorus combined with FYM and PSB not only reduce inorganic phosphorus fertilization but also enhance the uptake of nutrients and plant nutrient content by providing favourable conditions for plant growth. Application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB + FYM was found to be on a par with addition of only 60 kg ha-1P2O5. Hence the P dose can be reduced to half by integrating with PSB and FYM.

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Economic Analysis of Taro-Sunn Hemp Intercropping With Broccoli, Green Maize and Snow Pea as Successive Crops

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n9p73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

João Nacir Colombo ◽

Mário Puiatti ◽

Marcelo Rodrigo Krause ◽

Marília Cecília Bittencourt ◽

Janiele Cássia Barbosa Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Green Manure ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Green Manures ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Crop Straw ◽

Sunn Hemp

Although several studies about intercropping green manures with vegetable crops have already been carried out, there are few studies in which the economic analysis was performed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic profitability of the taro and Crotalaria juncea consortium, as well as broccoli, green maize and snow pea grown in succession. The treatments correspond to 10 different cutting dates of the sunn hemp during its intercropping with taro (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 DAS-days after sowing), plus the monoculture of the taro. Under the legumious cover crop straw were grown in succession: broccoli, green maize and snow pea. The use of Crotalaria juncea in a consortium does not affect the productivity and economic profitability of the taro when cutting up to 130 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea grown in consortium with taro increases the economic yield of broccoli when the cutting is performed from 145 DAS. However, it does not affect green maize and snow pea. When the taro is cultivated intercropped with Crotalaria juncea and in succession broccoli, green maize and snow pea are grown, higher yields and economic incomes are obtained by cutting the leguminous green manure up to 130 DAS.

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