scholarly journals VEGETATIVE RESCUE AND CUTTINGS PROPAGATION OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
Gilvano Ebling Brondani
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Environmental Importance

Brazilian pine or araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is a coniferous tree with great economic, social and environmental importance in southern Brazil, being exploited for both wood production and for its edible pine nuts. However, no efficient cloning techniques are available and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative rescue methods for cuttings propagation of the species. Shoots/cuttings were generated in two ways: 26 years old trees underwent coppicing and 20 years old trees had the primary branches on the upper third of crown pruned at 2, 20 and 50 cm from the main trunk. Orthotropic shoots were rooted after application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1. Coppicing produced 47 cuttings per plant with 90% orthotropic shoots, while pruning resulted in 182 cuttings per plant with 44% orthotropic shoots. Rooting success indexes were low with no influence of IBA, although they are slightly superior to the ones available in the literature for the species, ranging from 12 to 30% for the coppice shoots and from 0 to 28% for the branches shoots. We conclude that both vegetative rescue techniques are viable and have potentially important applications. Coppicing is recommended for the propagation aiming the production of wood, while shoots derived from the side branches of the crown are more appropriate for seeds orchards formation.

scholarly journals ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozimeiry Gomes Bezerra Gaspar ◽  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
Carlos Andre Stuepp ◽  
Alessandro Camargo Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Upper Third

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability and influence of the rootstock age and grafts growth habit on Araucaria angustifolia top grafting. Two rootstocks (8 and 35-year-old) were grafted with grafts originating from two growth habits (orthotropic and plagiotropic). We used the patch grafting technique in the middle and upper third of the crown of 8-year-old trees, and in the middle and lower third of 35-year-old trees, always near the apex in primary branches. The experiments were performed during the fall and spring/2015. The treatments consisted of: 8-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts; 8-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts. We evaluated graft survival throughout the experiment and at 16 months, we evaluated their survival, emission, and number and average length of sprouts. Top grafting is technically feasible for araucaria, with better results using younger rootstocks (8-year-old), especially with plagiotropic propagules and grafting in fall/2015 (71.9%). Growth habits of the grafts are maintained identically as original, independently of rootstock growth habit.

scholarly journals MODELAGEM DA DESRAMA NATURAL DE Araucaria angustifolia (BERT.) O. KTZE

FLORESTA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Nutto ◽  
Peter Spathelf
Keyword(s):  
Radial Increment ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Dead Branch

Neste trabalho foi analisada a dinâmica e a qualidade da desrama natural de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. em diferentes sítios no Sul do Brasil, dentro de uma estratégia da produção de madeira de alta qualidade. O material usado se constitui de 400 árvores de florestas nativas e plantadas, crescendo sob variadas condições e tratamentos. O método usado foi a análise exploratória dados levantados de parcelas temporárias. Foram feito mapas de distribuição das árvores e das projeções das copas para avaliar a competição e o seu efeito na desrama. O estudo mostra que existe uma relação estreita entre o crescimento em altura e diâmetro, numa idade determinada, e a inserção da copa. O primeiro galho morto está estreitamente ligado com a inserção da copa. Estas variáveis foram usadas para modelar o desenvolvimento da inserção da copa e da altura comercial ao longo do tempo. Além disso, podem ser derivados destes modelos a dimensão do núcleo enodado. Foi mostrado que para o manejo de araucaria em rotações curtas uma poda artificial aumenta significativamente à parte da madeira valiosa sem nós. MODELLING SELF-PRUNING OF ARAUCARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA (BERT.) O. KTZE Abstract In the present study the self-pruning dynamics and quality of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Ktze. on different sites in Southern Brazil was analyzed in the framework of a strategy of high quality wood production. The material consisted of 400 trees from native forests and plantations growing under varying site conditions and treatments in the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina, Parana and Rio Grande do Sul. The research method applied was an explorative analysis of data taken from temporary sample plots. For each plot stem distribution and crown projection map was established in order to determine the competition status and its impact on self-pruning. The study shows that diameter and height at a certain age are good estimators for predicting height of crown base. The lowest dead branch is closely related to crown base. These parameters are used to model the dynamics of self-pruning depending on radial increment and height growth. Moreover, the dimension of the knotty core was calculated. It could be shown that Araucaria angustifolia has a retarded self-pruning because of its tendency of maintaining dead branches at the stem. Especially for target diameters of 40 to 50 cm within short rotation periods an artificial pruning is recommended in order to reduce the knotty core.

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

scholarly journals Reserve metabolism of stored and germinated Araucaria angustifolia seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42707
Author(s):  
Cristhyane Garcia Araldi ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Embryo Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mature Seeds

Germination metabolism of recalcitrant seeds of Araucaria angustifolia is activated in storage, which complicates the seeds conservation and utilization. This study aimed to identify the changes in the reserve metabolites of A. angustifolia seeds throughout storage in order to understand the processes of hydrolysis caused by germination metabolism. Mature seeds were harvested in southern Brazil and stored in an ambient environment and cold chamber conditions. Biochemical analyses were performed for embryos and megagametophytes from seeds stored for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 90 days. Due to seeds being in advanced germination in storage, they were evaluated at 90 days in different early developmental categories: I – seeds with mature embryos, II – seeds with embryos showing apparent elongation along the embryonic axis, and III – seeds with root protrusion. Higher contents of carbohydrate, protein, and amino acids were observed in embryos compared to megagametophytes, and these metabolites were decreased after onset of germination, especially in the embryo tissue. Mobilization of metabolites in megagametophytes would probably increase in later stages of germination. It is suggested that such alterations are not due to deterioration of reserve components, but instead are based on seed metabolism, which remains active after harvest with hydrolysis of metabolites providing energy for germination.

Rooting of peach hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tsipouridis ◽  
T. Thomidis ◽  
A. Isaakidis
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Bottom Heat ◽  
Old Trees

The influence of some external factors important for the rooting of semi-hardwood and hardwood peach cuttings planted in a mist propagation unit with a bottom heat bench were investigated. Cuttings from 1-year-old trees had relatively higher rooting percentages after storage at 2–4�C for 2 and 3 months, while cuttings from 11-year-old trees had the highest rooting percentage at the first planting. Cold storage appeared to decrease rooting of the cuttings from 11-year-old trees significantly. The greatest length of semi-hardwood cuttings was 15–20 cm long. Hardwood cuttings collected from the middle of the shoot on 4 November gave the best results. Spring Crest, Arm King and GF677 had the highest rooting percentages (averaged across all levels), while the cultivars Andross, Flavour Crest and Katerina rooted poorly. The effect of 5 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the rooting of peach hardwood cuttings were also tested. Generally, IBA concentration at rates of 2000 mg/L gave very good rooting.

scholarly journals Effect of substrate formulations on seedlings of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz, a critically endangered species from Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Jéssica De Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Valdeci Constantino ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

Araucaria angustifolia, vulgarmente conhecida como araucária ou pinheiro do Paraná, é uma espécie de planta ameaçada de extinção, nativa do sul do Brasil. O cultivo desta espécie é uma abordagem importante para reduzir o desmatamento assegurando a geração de renda. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes formulações de substrato no crescimento, qualidade e teores de clorofila de mudas de araucária em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, como uma abordagem para promover a propagação e o cultivo da espécie. As sementes foram semeadas em quatro composições diferentes de substrato: F73 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco, fertilizante de liberação lenta [FLL] e fertilizantes fosfatados), F55 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco [em maior proporção que em F73], FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados), T55 (casca de pínus, turfa nacional, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados) e CC55 (casca de pínus, turfa de esfagno, palha de arroz, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados). As mudas foram mantidas em uma área de viveiro em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, com irrigação manual. Após 180 dias da semeadura, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura, diâmetro de coleto, áreas foliares e radiculares, massa seca de brotações e raízes e teores de clorofilas a, b e clorofilas totais. O quociente de robustez e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) também foram calculados com base nas variáveis ​​biométricas. Os substratos F73 e CC55 promoveram maior crescimento de altura e diâmetro de coleto em comparação com outros substratos. Outras variáveis ​​relacionadas ao crescimento e qualidade das mudas e aos níveis de clorofila não diferiram em função dos substratos. A massa seca de raiz e massa seca total foram correlacionadas positivamente com o IQD. O diâmetro do coleto apresentou alta correlação positiva com a altura, a massa seca da parte aérea e a massa seca total das mudas de A.angustifolia.

scholarly journals DAMAGE CAUSED TO THE REMAINING TREES OF A PINUS STAND SUBMITTED TO TWO MECHANIZED THINNING MODELS

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Oscar Manuel de Jesús Vera Cabral ◽  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Nilton César Fiedler ◽  
Carlos Cézar Cavassin Diniz ◽  
Felipe Martins de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Processing Treatment ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Old Trees

The objective of this study was to evaluate the damage to remaining trees of pine stand submitted to two models of mechanized thinning. Data were collected in the wood harvesting areas of a forest company in Southern Brazil during the first commercial thinning with 10-year-old trees. The thinning was executed by a harvester in cutting the trees and a forwarder in extracting the logs, which was defined by thinning in the 5th planting line (treatment T1); and by a chainsaw in felling the central trees, by a harvester in cutting the other lines, and by a forwarder in extracting the logs in the experimental area defined by thinning in the 7th planting line (treatment T2). The damage to remaining trees in the stand in relation to the dimensions and location of the machinery operating trail was evaluated, and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results showed that treatment T2 caused greater damage in the remaining trees due to greater handling of felled and processed trees and a higher concentration of wood piles in the operating trail of the machines. In addition, there was greater contact of the harvester with the remaining trees when searching for the trees felled by the chainsaw was conducted to perform the final processing. Treatment T1 proved to be more suitable for thinning pine stands.

scholarly journals ASPECTOS PRODUTIVOS E COMERCIAIS DO PINHÃO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anadalvo Juazeiro Dos Santos ◽  
Néder Maciel Corso ◽  
Gílson Martins ◽  
Eduardo Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Edible Seed ◽  
Marketing Chain

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar aspectos produtivos e de comercialização do pinhão, semente da árvore conhecida vulgarmente como Pinheiro do Paraná (Araucária angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze). Esta espécie vegetal de porte arbóreo ocorre na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, principalmente nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Do ponto de vista metodológico foi primeiramente realizado um levantamento de dados econômicos sobre este produto nas instituições públicas do Estado do Paraná. A partir destes dados foram calculadas a Margem Bruta e o Markup de Comercialização. Também foi construído o fluxograma que apresenta os diversos elos que compõe a cadeia extrativa deste Produto Florestal Não Madeirável. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maior parte da lucratividade no interior desta cadeia é apropriada pelos intermediários. Técnicas de conservação e industrialização devem ser desenvolvidas para promover a comercialização e uso do pinhão em outras épocas do ano, além da estação de produção. Isto tornaria o preço de mercado mais atraente incentivando a sua extração e comercialização. PRODUCTIVE AND COMMERCIAL ASPECT OF PINHÃO IN PARANA STATE Abstract This paper intends to give a marketing prime in the study of the pinhão, an edible seed from Parana-pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze).This species occurs in Southern Brazil, mainly along the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana.This study concentrated firstly in the agregation of data from publics institucions of Parana State. Secondly, it carries out the calculus of the index of gross commercialization margins and markup of commercialization. It also builds a flow concerning the various levels composing the marketing chain. Results obtained point out that the majority of rentability is apropriate for intermediary also the industralization techniques should be developed in order to promote the commercialization and use of pinhão in other periods of the year, besides the season of production. Addicionaly, there should be better prices for de producers to incentive the activity

scholarly journals Comparison of seedling growth among three co-occurring varieties of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze under greenhouse conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Coutinho ◽  
Lúcia Rebello Dillenburg
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mass Allocation

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a tall, long-lived tree species, which grows as an emergent tree in the araucaria forests of southern Brazil. Four varieties have been described for this species, and three of them were selected for this study: "angustifolia" (the type variety), "caiova" and "indehiscens". These are co-occurring varieties that differ in external seed color and timing of seed maturation. The purpose of this study was to compare the initial growth of plants originated from seeds of these three varieties, in order to test the hypothesis that these varieties also differ in the initial growth of their seedlings. Seeds were collected from a single forest location, and 60 plants per variety were grown in pots for a period of 244 days. The "angustifolia" variety accumulated significantly more mass (both in shoot and root) than the other two, but the three varieties did not differ in mass allocation between shoot and root and between lateral roots and the main root. The greater growth of the type variety may help explain its greater natural abundance, since attaining a larger size will have positive effects on seedling recruitment and survival.

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