Hematological, biochemical, and blood gas alterations of goat whole blood stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M plastic bags

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological, biochemical, and blood gas alterations of goat whole blood stored in different blood bags. Seven male, adult, crossbreed goats were used, weighing 62±1.8 kg. Nine hundred milliliters of whole blood from each animal was collected and stored in blood bags (450 ml in each), CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose-adenine) and CPD/SAG-M (citrate phosphate dextrose with saline-glucose-mannitol) as additive solutions, and kept refrigerated (2-4 ºC) for 42 days. Blood samples were collected from the plastic bags at baseline (T0) and after seven, 14, 21,28, 35, and 42 days for hematological, biochemical, blood gas, and microbiological evaluations. Free hemoglobin, degree of hemolysis, lactate, and pO2were increased in both bags, whereas hydrogen potential (pH) and the total hemoglobin concentration decreased overtime(P<0.05). The red blood cell count, glucose, sodium, and potassium remained stable, compared to the baseline. The CPD/SAG-M bag presented a lower red cell count, globular volume, total hemoglobin, and sodium, and a higher degree of hemolysis and plasma hemoglobin, compared with the CPDA-1 bag. The whole goat blood remained viable for therapeutic use; although, there were some important changes in the variables of the 42-day stored blood in relation to fresh blood (T0). We concluded that the CPDA-1 bag is more suitable for use in the storage of goat blood because of its lower commercial value.

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Assessment of Donkey (Equus asinus africanus) Whole Blood Stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M Blood Bags

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10020133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Isabella Oliveira Barros ◽

Rejane Santos Sousa ◽

Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽

Renato Otaviano Rêgo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Firmino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Equus Asinus ◽

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose ◽

Citrate Phosphate

Hemotherapy using whole blood and its components is being increasingly used in veterinary therapy. Since it is important to store animal blood while maintaining acceptable hematological, blood gas, and biochemical characteristics, increasing our knowledge of available technologies for strategic blood storage is imperative. Thus, we aimed to assess the hematological, blood gas, and biochemical changes in donkey whole blood using blood bags with two different types of storage agents. Eight adult healthy male donkeys were used; 900 mL of blood was collected from each, with 450 mL stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose and adenine bags (CPDA-1) and 450 mL stored in bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose, adenine, mannitol, and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M). Both bags were kept refrigerated between 1 and 6 °C for 42 days. Blood samples were removed from the bags eight times (T): T0 (immediately after blood collection), T1, T3, T7, T14, T21, T35, and T42 (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 and 42 days after storage). Hematological, blood gas, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed. The CPDA-1 bags had a higher packed cell volume when compared to CPD/ SAG-M. The red blood cell count reduced by around 19% in both the bags due to hemolysis, which was confirmed by an increase in plasma hemoglobin. The white blood cell count; pH; concentrations of glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate were reduced in both bags. Meanwhile, pO2, pCO2, lactate dehydrogenase, and levels of potassium increased in the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M bags. Blood bags were efficient for the storage of donkey blood for up to 42 days.

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Overestimation of Hemoglobin in a Patient With an IgA-κ Monoclonal Gammopathy

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2000-124-0616-oohiap ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 616-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William L. Roberts ◽

Jo D. Fontenot ◽

Christopher M. Lehman

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Plasma Hemoglobin ◽

A Value ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Corrected Result

Abstract A patient with multiple myeloma had an automated blood count performed on a Coulter STK-S counter that repeatedly failed internal limits for both mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The calculated hematocrit agreed with a spun hematocrit, suggesting that the hemoglobin concentration was being overestimated by the automated counter. Measurement of the plasma hemoglobin concentration of the sample, which showed no visible hemolysis, gave a hemoglobin concentration of 32 g/L on the STK-S analyzer. Correction of the whole blood hemoglobin using the plasma hemoglobin gave a value consistent with the hematocrit. The corrected mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were within standard limits. This patient's paraprotein was characterized as IgA-κ and was present at a concentration of 61 g/L. The hemoglobin concentration measured on whole blood by Sysmex NE 8000 and Technicon H*1E autoanalyzers agreed reasonably well with the corrected result from the STK-S.

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A solid-state arteriovenous oxygen difference analyzer for flowing whole blood

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1977.232.4.h437 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 232 (4) ◽

pp. H437-H440 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. P. Shepherd ◽

C. G. Burgar

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Electronic Circuit ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Light Sources ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Total Hemoglobin ◽

Oxygen Difference ◽

Total Hemoglobin Concentration

This communication describes a spectrophotometric device which determines the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-v O2) on whole blood flowing through optical cuvettes. The instrument consists entirely of commercially available solid-state components, including the light sources, light-emitting diodes. When calibrated against conventional determinations of blood oxygen content, the output of the a-v O2 analyzer was shown to be highly linear and to be independent of total hemoglobin concentration. The electronic circuit, the theory of the measurement, and sources of error are described in detail.

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Survival and biochemical characteristics of stored red cells preserved with citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-one and two and prepared from whole blood maintained at 20 to 24 degrees C for eight hours following phlebotomy

Transfusion ◽

10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24284173340.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G Moroff ◽

EE Morse ◽

AJ Katz ◽

RA Kahn ◽

D Dende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Red Cells ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose ◽

Citrate Phosphate

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Assessment of storage related hematological and biochemical changes of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 whole blood

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ◽

10.22376/ijpbs.2020.11.3.b99-106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Bhaswanth Dr. ◽

Yelikar Dr.B.R.

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose ◽

Citrate Phosphate

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The Effects of Pre-Storage Leukoreduction on the Conservation of Bovine Whole Blood in Plastic Bags

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9120444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Brena Peleja Vinholte ◽

Rejane dos Santos Sousa ◽

Francisco Flávio Vieira Assis ◽

Osvaldo Gato Nunes Neto ◽

Juliana Machado Portela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Blood Gas Analysis ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Blood Bag

Leukoreduction (LR) is a technique that consists of reducing the number of leukocytes in whole blood or blood components that can contribute to decreasing storage lesions and the occurrence of post-transfusion complications. We propose that using a blood bag with pre-storage leukocyte filtration is sufficient for blood conservation under field conditions. Ten healthy Nelore cows were used. Whole blood was sampled from each animal and stored at 2 to 6 °C in CPD/SAG-M (citrate phosphate dextrose bag with a saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol satellite bag) triple bags (Control) and in CPD/SAG-M quadruple bags with a leukocyte filter (Filter). At baseline and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days (D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, and D42, respectively), complete hematological, blood gas, and biochemical evaluations were determined. The filtered bag removed 99.3% of white blood cells from cattle blood, and the entire filtration process was performed in the field. There was a reduction in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in both groups from D14 onward, with a decrease of 19.7% and 17.1% at D42 for the Control and Filter bags, respectively. The hemoglobin (Hb) concentration had variation in both groups. Potassium, pO2, pCO2, and sO2 increased, and sodium, bicarbonate, and pH decreased during storage. The filtered bag was efficient in removing white cells from cattle whole blood and could be used under field conditions. Blood stored after LR showed differences (p < 0.05) in blood gas analysis towards a better quality of stored blood (e.g., higher pH, lower pCO2, higher sO2). Further experimental studies are required to prove that blood without white cells results in a decrease in transfusion reactions in cattle.

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An oximeter for measuring hemoglobin concentration and oxygen content

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.5.h1705 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (5) ◽

pp. H1705-H1711 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. P. Shepherd ◽

V. T. Randal ◽

J. M. Steinke ◽

J. L. Schmalzel

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Capillary Tube ◽

Nonlinear Function ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Total Hemoglobin ◽

Wide Range ◽

Total Hemoglobin Concentration

We have developed an oximeter that measures both the total hemoglobin concentration in whole blood and the percentage of the hemoglobin saturated with oxygen. The oximeter uses red and infrared light-emitting diodes to illuminate a capillary tube filled with a sample of whole blood. Light scattered by the blood travels a short distance down the length of the capillary tube and reaches a photodetector, the output of which is amplified, digitized, and fed into a microprocessor. The microprocessor computes the total hemoglobin concentration as a nonlinear function of the infrared light intensity. Oxyhemoglobin saturation is computed from the ratio of the logarithms of the intensities of red and infrared light. Our instrument has the following advantages over existing oximeters: 1) it provides a measurement of total hemoglobin concentration, 2) it is immune to the calibration shifts that fluctuations in total hemoglobin concentration cause in other oximeters, 3) it is accurate over a wide range of oxygen saturation, and 4) the blood samples are not diluted and can thus be preserved for further analysis. A detailed parts list and circuit diagram are presented, and sources of error are discussed.

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