scholarly journals Environmental degradation and agriculture: an approach in countries by middle of indexes

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Guilherme Machado Pinto ◽  
Vanessa Piovesan Rossato ◽  
Andressa Petry Müller ◽  
Daniel Arruda Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Degradation Index ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Natural Settings

ABSTRACT: Society evolution is commonly followed by changes; however, some of them bring negative implications for the community. One of these consequences refers to environmental degradation, which has agricultural activity as one of its influencing agents, which is essentially characterized by man’s predatory actions. Accordingly, this research analyzed the environmental degradation in 167 pattern in the agricultural world. Therefore, the Agricultural Environmental Degradation Index (IDAA) was used as a proxy for agricultural environmental degradation and the factor analysis technique. Results indicated that the most degraded country was Russia, which belongs to the European continent; however, the other positions were occupied predominantly by Africa, followed by North America and Oceania. Issues such as rural poverty and primitive natural settings can leverage this phenomenon. The lowest rates of degradation were concentrated on Central America and Europe, where agricultural activity was most incipient. In this sense, a directly proportional relationship between environmental degradation and agricultural practice was reported considering that countries dependent on this phenomenon had the most worrying results. Thereby, there is an emerging need for public policies that integrate economic and environmental dimensions that reduce negative impacts in the regions most degraded.

Designing Policies to Reduce Rural Poverty and Environmental Degradation in a Hillside Zone of the Colombian Andes

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1921-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Agudelo ◽  
Bernardo Rivera ◽  
Jeimar Tapasco ◽  
Ruben Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Colombian Andes

scholarly journals Weed Allelochemicals and Possibility for Pest Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
La Hoang Anh ◽  
Do Tan Khang ◽  
Phung Thi Tuyen ◽  
Truong Ngoc Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Natural Pesticides ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

Purpose: Weed interference is a constraint in agricultural practice. The crop-weed interaction has been extensively described in literature, but the weed-weed interaction and their potential usage in crop production have not much been understood. In this paper, the interactions of allelochemicals of the weeds which cause troublesome in crop production and ecosystem against weeds, crops, and pathogens are described.Principal results: Weed allelochemicals are classified into many chemical classes, and the majority is consisting of phenolics acids, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, long chain fatty acids, lactones, and other volatile compounds. Type of weed allelochemicals and their doses are varied among weed species. Some allelochemicals such as catechin (+/-) have been reported to be responsible for weed invasiveness. Some crops exude germination stimulants to parasitic weeds such asStrigaspp. andOrobanchespp. In contrast to their negative impacts on crop production, many weeds can be exploited as promising sources to control harmful insects, fungi, bacteria, and weeds. For instance,Ageratum conyzoidesis a destructive weed in crop production, but it exerted excellent insecticidal, antifungal, and herbicidal capacity and promoted citrus productivity inA. conyzoidesintercropped citrus orchards.Major conclusions: In general, weeds compete with crops by chemical pathway by releasing plant growth inhibitors to reduce crop growth. Weed allelochemicals may be successfully exploited for pest and weed controls in an integrated sustainable crop productoiin. Some weed allelochemicals are potent for development of natural pesticides.

scholarly journals ACHIEVEMENT OF PNPM MANDIRI PROGRAM THROUGH SAVING LOANS PROGRAM FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SAWARNA VILLAGE BAYAH DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Yusniah Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Loan Program ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRAK Terwujud sebuah pembangunan yang berlandaskan pada pemberdayaan, yakni melalui sebuah program pemerintah bernama ‘Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri (PNPM Mandiri). Penelitian ini mengenai program PNPM Mandiri yang  berfokus pada Capaian Program PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan melalui pogram simpan pinjam perempuan (SPP) untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat di desa sawarna kecamatan bayah. Dari ketiga program bidang yang ada tulisan ini akan membahas program pembangunan di bidang  ekonomi. Yang dalam implementasinya di Desa Sawarna,  program ini disebut sebagai ‘Program Simpan Pinjam Perempuan(SPP). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan informan adalah para Perempuan  anggota  kelompok di kecamatan tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, dan instrumennya berbentuk pedoman wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis datanya adalah analisis data secara induktif. Hasil temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa , pada proses pelaksanaannya PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan di Desa Sawarna menghasilkan dampak  positif  dan  negatif  bagi masyarakat (perempuan). Diantaranya telah mampu membantu masyarakat lokal dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka, khususny para  perempuan di lingkungan desa sawarna.  Melalui Program SPP kaum perempuan menjadi berdaya dan  dapat mampu bermetamorfosa  menjadi pribadi  yang aktif. Dengan bantuan dana yang diberikan kepada kaum perempuan sehingga mampu mengembangkan usaha mikro yang mereka miliki menjadi lebih baik, serta  mereka mampu terbebas dari jeratan  ‘bank keliling’.  Akan tetapi masih ada kekurangan dari pelaksanaan program tersebut, sehingga proram SPP menjadi kurang maksimal. Maka dalam hasil penelitian ini akan disajikan beberapa rekomendasi untuk melengkapi kekurangan yang ada.   Kata Kunci : Program PNPM mandiri, Program simpan pinjam perempuan, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Sawarna   ABSTRACT A development based on empowerment is realized, namely through a government program called ‘Mandiri Community Empowerment National Program (PNPM Mandiri). This research is about the PNPM Mandiri program which focuses on the Achievement of the PNPM Mandiri Rural Program through the women's savings and loan program (SPP) for community empowerment in Sawarna village, Bayah sub-district. Of the three field programs that exist this paper will discuss development programs in the economic field. Which in its implementation in Sawarna Village, this program is referred to as the ‘Women's Savings and Loan Program (SPP). The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, with informants being women group members in the sub-district. Data collection techniques used are interview techniques, and the instruments are in the form of interview guidelines. The data analysis technique is inductive data analysis. The field findings show that, in the implementation process of PNPM Mandiri Rural in Sawarna Village produced positive and negative impacts on the community (women). Among them have been able to help local people improve their lives, especially women in the Sawarna village. Through the SPP Program women become empowered and can be able to morph into an active person. With financial assistance given to women so that they can develop their own micro-businesses to be better, and they are able to be free from the entanglement of 'mobile banks'. However, there are still shortcomings in the implementation of the program, so that the SPP program becomes less than optimal. So in the results of this study there will be a number of recommendations to complement the shortcomings.   Keywords:  PNPM mandiri program, the Save Program loan women, empowerment of village community Sawarna

scholarly journals Application of galvanotaxis of ciliated protozoan cells to automation of acute toxicity assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Anton Popov ◽  
Dmitriy Vinokhodov ◽  
Marika Rutto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Ciliated Protozoan ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Human Activity

One of the most negative impacts of human activity on ecosystems is extensive environmental pollution. Large territories are polluted by different chemicals, which poses threat to any agricultural activity, not to speak of unhealthy life in such places. Thus, studying and developing express bioassay methods for risk assessment of chemical substances and aqueous media are now one of the most important problems in biotechnology. These bioassay methods can be used to success in ecology, agriculture, food industry, medicine, etc. In this paper we propose a method for automation of an acute toxicity assay. This method is based on the ability of Paramecium caudatum cells to move toward the cathode under a DC electric field.

scholarly journals Why are Narratives that Place the Blame for Deforestation on the Rural Poor so Pervasive and so Persistent?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetesh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

Deforestation is a prominent issue in the call for global environmental sustainability whose status transcends the realm of environmental studies and extends to the broader domains of public policy and popular concern. Deforestation issues are complex, and narratives provide the simple explanations needed by policymakers and the public. One of the most common narratives explaining deforestation places the blame on the rural poor. These narratives make facile connections between the poor who depend on the forests for their livelihood and the environmental degradation which is taking place in their immediate vicinity. They unite two major problems in a neat hermeneutic circle: the rural poor are caught in a vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation, where they are both the victims and the perpetrators. While rural poverty and deforestation are closely connected, the relationship is a complex one - contrary to what such simple narratives lead us to believe - and the causes of deforestation remain unclear. This article discusses the causes that explain why are narratives that place the blame for deforestation on the rural poor so pervasive and so persistent?

Branding and CSR in Indian Agribusiness

2017 ◽  
pp. 1794-1806
Author(s):  
Anup Raj
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Corporate Branding ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Corporate Brand ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Branding Strategies ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Way

Indian agribusiness firms are facing increased challenges to manage their corporate brand because many negative implications of agribusiness activities on society are now under public scrutiny. Agribusiness firms are being blamed for environmental degradation, use of excess fertilizers and pesticides, and for promoting unhealthy foods. Such issues pose challenges to corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. In recent years, the Indian agribusiness sector is witnessing a growing trend of using CSR activities to attenuate such negative impacts of agribusiness activities on the corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. This chapter, through theoretical and empirical literature, explores the emerging brand-CSR relationship and uses of CSR as corporate branding strategies in the context of Indian agribusiness firms. The chapter highlights that instead of the traditional community-oriented CSR activities, key beneficiaries-oriented strategic CSR initiatives could be the way forward for sustainable corporate branding strategies in agribusiness.

Factors Contributing to the Marginalization of Shifting Cultivation in North-East India: Micro-Scale Issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhrupad Choudhury ◽  
R.C. Sundriyal
Keyword(s):  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Shifting cultivation, locally known as jhum, is the predominant agricultural practice for most communities inhabiting the uplands of north-east India. The negative impacts of the practice on forest and biological resources, soil erosion and land degradation have been a serious concern for several decades now to administrators and planners as well as to the academic community. In the current context, the practice has undergone drastic changes and has become increasingly unviable, gradually leading to the marginalization of farmers practising it. Although shifting cultivation in this area has been the focus of intensive studies, particularly in terms of the underlying ecological dynamics, few have attempted to analyse the factors contributing to the marginalization of the practice. This paper examines micro-scale issues that contribute to reducing productivity (and hence marginalization), and which are of immediate concern to the shifting cultivator. The paper focuses on fundamental issues influencing the reduction in fallow cycle lengths, the impact of rural–urban migration on labour requirements for agriculture, the consequences of inadequate employment and cash generation facilities on labour availability and crop productivity, as well as government efforts to promote agricultural productivity in these areas. The main focus of the paper is on the impact of each of these factors and their synergystic effect on the marginalization of shifting cultivation.

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