scholarly journals Species richness and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Syngonanthus elegans, an endemic and threatened species from the Cerrado domain in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesmael Antonio Orlandi Costa ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
Carla Ragonezi ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos Grazziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Glomus Sp

ABSTRACT Syngonanthus elegans is an endangered plant species occurring in the Brazilian Cerrado whose interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of AMF species and mycorrhizal colonization of S. elegans in two sampling areas named "Soberbo" stream (Soberbo) and "Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas" (Park), both found in Diamantina-MG, Brazil. In each area, one plot (100 x 100 m) was established, and roots and soil samples near the roots were collected from 10 plants in each plot. Further sampling included three specimens each of Loudetiopsis chrysothrix and Xyris sp.. Typical mycorrhizal colonization structures were observed in S. elegans roots, and colonization was measured at 75%. Considering both sites and all three hosts, 26 AMF species were recovered, 8 of which were identified only at the genus level. Glomus sp. 1, Scutellospora pernambucana, Acaulospora cavernata and Acaulospora mellea were classified as dominant in both areas. Other species were also considered dominant, including Glomus sp. 4 in Soberbo and Dentiscutata biornata and Gigaspora albida in Park. Trap cultures revealed the presence of seven additional species. For S. elegans, AMF species richness was slightly higher in Park than in Soberbo. Simpson diversity and evenness were slightly higher in Soberbo for S. elegans-associated AMF communities. Overall, S. elegans is highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and is associated with a wide range of AMF species in the field, suggesting that this association is important for the establishment and survival of this threatened species. Some of the observed species may be new to science.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Kompos Limbah Kakao terhadap Kolonisasi Mikoriza, dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao pada Ultisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Raina Muzlifa ◽  
Fikrinda Fikrinda ◽  
Yadi Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glomus Sp

Abstrak. Ultisol merupakan salah satu tanah marginal yang memerlukan pengelolaan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kesuburannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dan kompos limbah kakao terhadap kolonisasi FMA, dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada Ultisol. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis FMA yaitu tanpa FMA (F0), Glomus sp (F1), dan Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp. (F2). Faktor kedua adalah dosis kompos yaitu 0 ton.ha-1 (K0), 20 ton.ha-1 (K1), dan 30 ton.ha-1(K2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FMA berpengaruh nyata terhadap kolonisasi mikoriza, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman  pada 30, 60, 90 HST, diameter batang pada 30, 60, 90 HST, dan luas daun pada 90 HST.  Pemberian kompos limbah kakao berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 90 HST, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 30 dan 60 HST, diameter batang pada 30, 60 90 HST, dan luas daun pada 90 HST.  Kombinasi FMA dan kompos limbah kakao berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang pada 30 HST namun tidak berpengaruh  nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 30, 60, 90 HST, diameter batang pada 60 dan 90 HST, dan luas daun pada 90 HST. Perlakuan FMA jenis Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp. dan kompos 20 g.pot-1 memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap kolonisasi mikoriza dan pertumbuhan tanaman. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and compost of cocoa waste on myccorrhiza colonization, and the cocoa seedling growth on UltisolAbstract. Ultisol is one of marginal soils which requires proper management to increase its fertility. This study aims to determine the administration of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (FMA) and cocoa waste compost to FMA colonization, and the growth of cacao seedlings on Ultisols. This research used factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the type of FMA that is without FMA (F0), Glomus sp (F1), and Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp. (F2). The second factor is the compost dose which is 0 tons.ha-1 (K0), 20 tons.ha-1 (K1), and 30 tons.ha-1 (K2). The results showed that FMA significantly affected mycorrhizal colonization, but did not significantly affect plant height at 30, 60, 90 HST, stem diameter at 30, 60, 90 HST, and leaf area at 90 HST. Cocoa waste compost has a significant effect on plant height at 90 HST, but no significant effect on plant height at 30 and 60 HST, stem diameter at 30, 60 90 HST, and leaf area at 90 HST. The combination of AMF and compost of cocoa waste significantly affected the stem diameter at 30 HST but did not significantly affect the plant height at 30, 60, 90 HST, stem diameter at 60 and 90 HST, and leaf area at 90 HST. Treatment of FMA type Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp. and compost 20 g.pot-1 provides the best effect on mycorrhizal colonization and plant growth.   

Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize (Zea mays L.) crops along an edaphoclimatic gradient in Northeast Brazil

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Maria Aragão de Mello ◽  
Gladstone Alves da Silva ◽  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Iolanda Ramalho da Silva ◽  
Inácio Pascoal do Monte Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Original Area

The objective of this study was to determine the species richness, diversity, and communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), based on the morphology of their spores, in maize plantations along an edaphoclimatic gradient going from a humid zone (original area of Atlantic rainforest), to a transition zone and a drier zone (original area of Caatinga), to increase the understanding of the ecology of AMF in tropical agroecosystems. We extracted glomerospores from soil samples from maize plantations in each mesoregion and analysed AMF propagules and community structure. A total of 57 AMF taxa were identified, of which two are new to science. The most probable number of AMF infective propagules did not differ among the three areas. A greater number of glomerospores was obtained from the transition site, whereas species richness for AMF differed between the high humidity and transition sites. The composition of AMF communities differed among sites, with edaphic attributes significantly associated with AMF community composition. The environmental conditions of each mesoregion contribute to the structural differences of AMF assemblages in soils cultivated by the same host plant (maize).

scholarly journals Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) in adjacent areas of different land use in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Kuber Baral ◽  
Anjana Giri ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Karl Kemmelmeier ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

Disturbances can affect the incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present study is a first attempt for the qualitative assessment of AMF diversity in adjacent areas of a forest ecosystem with different land uses and assess levels of mycorrhizal colonization by these fungi. A total of five soil samples were taken randomly from each of the following areas situated within the same landscape: undisturbed coniferous forest (UF), degraded forest (DF) and cultivated land (CL). A total of 22 taxa of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to eight genera were identified morphologically, Glomus and Acaulospora being the most common. Species richness ranged from 11-14 among land use areas, with 14 species in UF and 11 species in CL. Acaulospora mellea, Gigaspora sp. and two non-identified Glomus species were detected in all areas. While species richness did not differ significantly amongst areas, diversity at the family level was 43% less in CL than in UF. Mean mycorrhizal colonization was higher in DF (28%) than CL (20%). We concluded that land use mainly affected fungal diversity only at the family level and had no impact on mycorrhizal development in sampled roots. This work provides the first step to identify native AMF species in Nepal that might be cultured for further use by small farmers in a sustainable agriculture approach.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroforestry, Conventional Plantations and Native Forests in Roraima State, Northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharles Mesquita Araújo ◽  
Krisle da Silva ◽  
Gilmara Maria Duarte Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Curcino ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Land Use And Management

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important components of the soil microbiota in terrestrial ecosystems, under the influence of various factors such as soil use and management, and can be adapted to a structure and diversity of fungal communities. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the influence of different systems of land use and management on AMF diversity in the Roraima State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in agroforestry, conventional soybean planting, conventional corn and native forest. After 150 days of incubation in a greenhouse, we extracted the spores in order to evaluate AMF, volume and to determine taxonomic identification. We found 16 species of AMF and the genus Acaulospora was the most frequent, followed by Glomus. Soil under agroforestry system had the highest species richness and the native forest, the lowest. On the other hand, soybean and corn areas presented greater density values than agroforestry system and native forest. In the agroforestry system, SOM attributes, Al3+ and H + Al had influence in AMF species richness. Thus, agroforestry constitute sustainable alternative influencing AMF communities in these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of early stages of a secondary succession of Atlantic Forest in South Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
Osmar Klauberg Filho ◽  
Maike Hering de Queiroz ◽  
Margarida Matos de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential ◽  
Successional Stages

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species diversity and mycorrhizal inoculum potential were assessed in areas representative of stages of secondary succession in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Within each stage - pioneer, 'capoeirinha' and 'capoeirão'- four transects were established and three soil samples were taken along each transect. The plant community was dominated by Pteridium aquilinium in the pioneer stage, while Dodonaea viscosa and P. aquilinium were co-dominants in the 'capoeirinha' stage. In capoeirão, Miconia cinnamomifolia was dominant followed by Euterpe edulis. Total spore number per 100 g soil was significantly larger in the 'capoeirinha' stage than in the other stages, although the number of viable spores was similar among stages. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families accounting for 83% of the total spores recovered. Of the 18 spore morphotypes, 10 were allocated to known species, with Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp. being the dominants recovered in all samples. Simpson's index of diversity and evenness for AMF species were not significantly different among the successional stages and AMF species richness was negatively correlated with plant species richness. Soil from 'Capoeirinha" showed the highest inoculum potential (37%). Dominance of the mycorrhizal community by few sporulators and the relationship between plant and fungal diversity are discussed.

scholarly journals NATIVE MICROBIOTA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH OF Paspalum millegrana SCHRAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
JOHNY DE JESUS MENDONÇA ◽  
LARISSA DE SOUZA GOIS ◽  
JACILENE FRANCISCA SOUZA SANTOS ◽  
TAMIRIS APARECIDA DE CARVALHO SANTOS ◽  
FRANCISCO SANDRO RODRIGUES HOLANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Gigaspora Albida

ABSTRACT Paspalum millegrana grass is a member of the family Poaceae native to the Americas, whose interaction with native symbiotic fungi has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between the native microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the development of P. millegrana Schrad. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments (control, without AMF; native microbial inoculant; native + UFLA05 Gigaspora albida; native + UFLA351 Rhizoglomus clarum; native + UFLA372 Claroideoglomus etunicatum; native + UFLA401 Acaulospora morrowiae, and a mix of all treatments). The substrate was autoclaved sand and coconut powder at 2:1, with eight repetitions. The variables analyzed were: mycorrhizal colonization, dark septate endophytic fungi colonization, number of mycorrhizal spores, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length and volume, number of tiller and mycorrhizal dependence. Mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi colonized P. millegrana. The sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with P. millegrana was influenced by mycorrhizal colonization, depending on the fungus-plant interaction. P. millegrana was responsive to native + UFLA05 and native + UFLA351. No correlation between tiller emergence and mycorrhizal colonization of P. millegrana was observed.

scholarly journals Aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an atlantic forest chronosequence parque estadual turístico do Alto Ribeira (petar), SP

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos P.M. Aidar ◽  
Rosilaine Carrenho ◽  
Carlos A. Joly
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Generic Level

Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed in roots of trees within an Atlantic Forest chronosequence, located in the southeastern of São Paulo State, Brazil, inside Tourist State Park of the High Ribeira Valley (PETAR). The phytosociological survey was carried out in three adjacent areas, all on calcareous soil, which correspond to different time intervals during which they have been left abandoned following a slash-and-burn agricultural perturbation. Early Phase (EP) with 15 years; Mid Phase (MP) with 25 years; and Late Phase (LP) with more than 36 years without clear-cut. The inventory indicated a continuum of tree species substitution, which is dominated by species of Leguminosae, especially Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. (Mimosoideae) in the earlier successional phases. Mycorrhizal colonization, estimated by the occurrence of the mycorrhizal structures in the tree species roots, diminished during the season with less rain (winter), and showed no significant differences between successional phases in the wet season (summer). Rather, the mycorrhizal colonization was correlated with occurrence of the tree’s successional status: being positively correlated with occurrence of pioneer species, and negatively correlated with late secondary species. Mycorrhizal colonization was also correlated negatively with soil organic matter and base saturation. Twenty five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to four genera were identified. Six species were only identified to generic level. The species Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. represented 10% of the total number of spores and occurred in all phases and seasons, while the genus Glomus represented 57% of the total of spores found in the rhizosphere. The diversity indices evaluated for the mycohrriza community were: H’ = 2.3, J’ = 0.97 and R = 4.12. These results are a contribution to the knowledge of The Atlantic Forest biodiversity and may have implications to support programs regarding rehabilitation of degraded vegetation in one of the World’s most threatened Biomes.

scholarly journals Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Han ◽  
Changchao Xu ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Qiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with three species of turfgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Koske ◽  
J. N. Gemma ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Spore Abundance ◽  
Amf Communities

Small plots of highly maintained turfs of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris cv. Penncross) and velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina cv. Kingstown) and a marginally maintained stand of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) were sampled intensively over a 15-month period to measure the populations of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with their root systems. Direct isolation of spores and trap cultures were used to assess the AMF communities. Spores of more than 18 species of AMF were isolated. The six dominant species (as measured by the abundance and frequency of occurrence of spores) were Acaulospora mellea, an undescribed species of Acaulospora, Scutellospora calospora, Glomus occultum, Glomus etunicatum, and Entrophospora infrequens. Spores of 17 species of AMF were recovered from the root zones of velvet bentgrass, 15 species from creeping bentgrass, and 14 from annual bluegrass. Soil fertility differed among the three sites, and it was not possible to ascribe differences in the AMF communities in each plot to any particular variable (e.g., host, pH, soil P). Average spore abundance was greatest in the creeping bentgrass plot (191.0 spores/100 mL), next in the velvet bentgrass plot (82.4 spores/100 mL), and least in the bluegrass plot (28.4 spores/100 mL). Spores were recovered from a significantly greater percentage of the samples from the bentgrass plots (88.5 – 96.8%) than from the bluegrass plot (76.6%). Spores of an average of 4.5 species of AMF were isolated monthly from creeping bentgrass, 3.3 from velvet bentgrass and 2.0 from bluegrass. Average species richness and spore abundance were positively correlated in the creeping bentgrass and bluegrass plots (r = 0.77, p = 0.001, and r = 0.68, p = 0.006), but not in the velvet bentgrass plot. Spore abundance showed strong seasonal trends in all three plots (p = 0.03 – 0.001), with numbers increasing from spring until November. Richness and abundance declined from December until the following spring. In the bluegrass area, which experienced summer drought, spore populations and richness also showed a precipitous decline in July and August in the 1st year of the study (1990), but not in the 2nd year (1991). No such summer decline occurred in the bentgrass plots that received irrigation. The AMF community that was circumscribed by direct spore counts from the field usually was highly dissimilar to the community that was estimated by trap cultures initiated using soil from the turf areas. Key words: annual bluegrass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, creeping bentgrass, putting greens, turfgrass, velvet bentgrass.

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