scholarly journals Hummingbird (Aves: Trochilidae) assemblage using resources from the exotic African tuliptree, Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) in a Neotropical altered environment, southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. A. Pimenta ◽  
M. M. Dias ◽  
M. G. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Foraging Site ◽  
Flower Resources ◽  
Visiting Time ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

Abstract The non-native African tuliptree, Spathodea campanulata (P. Beauv), is widely distributed in altered Neotropical environments, where hummingbirds are important pollinators. We investigated the assemblage of hummingbirds which fed on its nectar and described their behavior, to understand possible influences of the exotic tree on the territorial behavior in an altered environment in southeastern Brazil. Seven species fed on flower resources, mainly Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788), Amazilia lactea (Lesson, 1832), and Florisuga fusca (Vieillot, 1817). Visiting time was positive correlated with number of flowers accessed, but in most visits, hummingbirds get the nectar by pillage, instead of frontal access. Flower availability varied throughout months; however, we found no evidence of significative correlation between available flowers and number of agonistic encounters. Despite a high number of animal-plant interactions and a strong territorialism of some species observed in African tuliptree foraging site, there may be other plants at local scale influencing the behavioral patterns observed.

Seasonal Variation in Bee-Plant Interactions in an Inselberg in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelita França Marques ◽  
Mariana Scaramussa Deprá ◽  
Maria Cristina Gaglianone
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bee Plant

Studies on bee-plant interactions are relevant to the understanding of temporal patterns in neotropical communities. In isolated habitats such as inselbergs little is yet known about the temporal dynamics in the availability of fl oral resources and interacting bee. In the present study, the objective is to verify the eff ect of seasonality on the bee-plant interaction in an Atlantic Forest inselberg in southeastern Brazil. The bees were sampled monthly in the dry (April/2008-September/2008) and wet seasons (October/2008-March/2009) using an entomological net. A total of 322 bees of 33 species were captured on fl owers of 34 species of plants during the year. Bees richness was similar between seasons (22 species in the wet season and 21 in the dry season), but abundance was higher in the wet season (60% of individuals) and higher diversity occurred in the dry season. Augochloropsis sp1 were the most abundant species and visited the largest number of plant species at each season. In the interaction network, plants with the highest degree were distinct between the seasons. The number of possible interactions was higher in the dry season compared to the wet season and connectance was similar; nestedness however varied between the seasons. The composition of plant and bees species was distinct between the seasons, as well as the interactions between them, mainly due to the alteration in the composition of the plant species and the change in the choice of the bees for the floral resources between the seasons.

Escalated aggressive behaviour and facultative parental care in the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Pombal ◽  
Marcio Martins ◽  
Célio F.B. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Male Density ◽  
Aggressive Calls ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

AbstractAgonistic encounters and facultative parental care in Hyla faber were observed in two localities in southeastern Brazil. Maximum male density was 0.9 and 3.3 males/m2 in Campinas and Ribeirão Branco, respectively. Aggression was escalated and the highly variable aggressive calls were specific to each phase of the encounter. The last, more aggressive phases rarely occurred in Campinas; in Ribeirao Branco they occurred frequently. Male parental care (egg attendance) was common in Ribeirao Branco while it was never observed in Campinas. Egg attendance lasted one to two nights and was observed only during high male density. The main benefit of egg attendance seemed to be avoiding nest intrusion by other males (sunken eggs and/or embryos invariably die). Males may build additional nests during egg attendance, but attending males did not attract females (they did not call).

scholarly journals Cost of territorial maintenance by Parodon nasus (Osteichthyes: Parodontidae) in a Neotropical stream

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Elias Silva ◽  
Wilhan R. C. Assunção ◽  
Charles Duca ◽  
Jerry Penha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Neotropical Stream ◽  
The Relationship

The combined demand over a certain resource may exceed its immediate supply, which can then lead to competition between individuals. This competition may result in territorial behavior. In this study we determine the density and spatial distribution, describe the interactions arising from territorial behavior and evaluate the costs of keeping the territories defended by adults of Parodon nasus. The study was conducted in Camarinha Stream located in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station, Porto Estrela, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The density was constant throughout the length of the stream, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 1.01 ind./m² (± 0.14). Our results show that the spatial distribution of individuals in the area ranged between uniform and random. The territories were defended more often against intraspecific than interspecific intruders. The time that the owners of the territories devoted to defending them was not influenced by the size of the territories. However, owners of larger territories spent more time foraging than owners of smaller territories. As a result, owners of larger territories had less time to rest than owners of smaller territories. The results of this study show behavioral patterns relevant to understanding the relationship between size and territorial maintenance cost of P. nasus and other species of fish with territorial behavior.

Breeding behavior of the leaf-frog Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura: Hylidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Abrunhosa ◽  
Henrique Wogel
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Temporary Pond ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Short Type

AbstractPhyllomedusa burmeisteri was studied during breeding aggregations in a temporary pond in southeastern Brazil. Males were territorial and aggressive. Behavioral patterns exhibited by them included acoustical and visual communication, chase, and wrestling, the latter when the intruder did not retreat with the preceding threats. Females also performed visual displays, however in different contexts, before approaching toward a calling male. The vocal repertoire of P. burmeisteri consisted of two types of advertisement call (short type and long type), territorial call and encounter call. Information about spatial-temporal distribution, courtship, and mating behavior are presented.

Local-scale elevation patterns of Atlantic Forest tree community variation and assembly drivers in a conservation hotspot in southeastern Brazil

Flora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Felipe Cito Nettesheim ◽  
Mário Luís Garbin ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Dorothy Sue Dunn de Araujo ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Viveiros Grelle
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Community Variation

scholarly journals Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sayuri Suguituru ◽  
Rogério Rosa Silva ◽  
Débora Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Catarina de Bortoli Munhae ◽  
Maria Santina de Castro Morini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are expanding across tropical landscapes. However, our current understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for invertebrate biodiversity conservation is still very poor. In this paper, we use the leaf-litter ant fauna to assess invertebrate diversity in one commercially managed Eucalyptus plantation (four years old), two abandoned plantations of different regeneration ages (16 and 31 years), and one neighboring secondary Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. There was a clear gradient in species richness from the secondary forest to the managed Eucalyptus plantation; richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and in the older regenerating Eucalyptus plantation. Significantly more species were recorded in secondary forest samples than in Eucalyptus plantations, but Eucalyptus plantations had a similar level of richness. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed clear differences in species composition between the younger managed Eucalyptus plantation (understory absent) and habitats with sub-developed or developed understory. Eucalyptus plantations were characterized by an assemblage of widespread, generalist species very different from those known to occur in core forest habitats of southeastern Brazil. Our results indicate that while older regenerating Eucalyptus plantations can provide habitat to facilitate the persistence of generalist ant species, it is unlikely to conserve most of the primary forest species, such as specialized predators, Dacetini predators, and nomadic species.

scholarly journals Reproductive behavior of intertidal hermit crabs (Decapoda, Anomura) in southeastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Turra
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Guarding Behavior ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

The reproductive behavior of four intertidal hermit crab species [Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859, C. sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796), C. vittatus (Bosc, 1802), and Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852)] was studied in São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil. The overall behavior followed previous descriptions for Diogenid and Pagurid hermit crabs but some particular differences were recorded. Male to male agonistic encounters over females and guarding behavior were more common to C. sclopetarius, C. vittatus, and Pagurus criniticornis. During guarding, males clearly grasped females' chelipeds, eyestalks, and the margins of their shell apertures. This oblique guarding and, simultaneously, accessing behavior (OGAP) has never been described for hermit crabs and was more common to C. sclopetarius and C. vittatus. Pagurus criniticornis did not present the typical jerking behavior of pagurids. Multiple copulations between a single pair were recorded in all species while in only one occasion a female of C. vittatus was observed copulating with two males. In the post-copulatory behavior males held females for some time and, after that, they were left inactive and sometimes totally to partially buried in the substrate. In mating pairs of all species males were larger than females and two individuals (out of 23) of C. antillensis, one (out of 5) of C. sclopetarius and one (out of 3) of C. vittatus, which courted successfully as males fertilizing females' eggs, were demonstrated to be intersex, with both male and female gonopores.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of the exotic tree Muntingia calabura L. (Muntingiaceae) in southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Antônio de Figueiredo ◽  
Aline Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Alice Zacharias ◽  
Sandra Maria Barbosa ◽  
Flávia Fontes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

The exotic tree Muntingia calabura L. (Muntingiaceae), a species native to Central America, is used as fish feed and fiber and cellulose production in Brazil. This study was carried out in urban areas and verified the reproductive biology of this plant species. Flower and fruit morphology, compatibility system, reproductive phenology, pollination and frugivore animals, and germination of disseminated seeds were recorded by standard field and laboratory procedures. This tree is self-compatible and autonomously self-pollinated, with its flowers being mainly visited by bees and its fruits consumed by birds and bats. Germination of its dispersed seeds is fast and occurs at a high rate. The results of this work suggest that M. calabura is very adaptable to cultivated areas,thus being an excellent choice for urban reforestation. However, its reproductive characteristics place this plant as an invasive species with significant potential in southeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Fruit colour and edge effects poorly explains frugivorous bird-plant interactions in disturbed semideciduous forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40041
Author(s):  
Luis Paulo Pires ◽  
Vanessa Fonseca Gonçalves ◽  
Giancarlo Ângelo Ferreira ◽  
Flávio Roque Bernardes Camelo ◽  
Celine de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Fruit Choice ◽  
Habitat Disturbances ◽  
Dark Blue

Fruit colour is considered an important feature mediating interactions between plants and frugivorous birds. Despite that, colour mediated interactions are context-dependent, and habitat disturbances may affect how frugivorous birds perceive fruit colours. This study assessed the influence of fruit colour and edge effect on the consumption of artificial fruits by frugivorous birds in three disturbed semideciduous forests in southeastern Brazil. In each of those areas, we performed a field experiment in which we placed artificial fruits of three different colours on plants and recorded their consumption by birds. Red-coloured fruits were ingested more often than yellow, but neither of them was consumed differently from dark-blue. Edge effect only affected consumption of yellow fruits. Our data neither support the hypothesis of preferential consumption of the highest contrasting colours nor of increased fruit consumption in the forest interior. These findings indicate that colour and edge effects, as well as the interaction between them, may not be strong predictors of fruit choice by birds in disturbed environments, especially because generalist species, which are less sensitive to the physical alterations in forests, are favoured in these areas.  

Functional Diversity and Assembly Rules of Two Deciduous Seasonal Forests in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Aglai Silva ◽  
Fernando Valladares ◽  
Raquel Benavides ◽  
Omar Flores ◽  
Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Assembly Rules ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Forests

Abstract Deciduous seasonal forests (DSFs) have a peculiar floristic composition, with species capable of surviving periods of high water deficit in a year. Our goal was to demonstrate that abiotic filters lead to the assembly of two DSF communities that have high floristic dissimilarity. For this, we characterized the environment of the areas and used the community-weighted mean (CWM), functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis) indices for regional recognition of functional patterns. The local assessment of assembly rules was carried out using null models. We found differences in the FRic and FDis between the areas, which was attributed to the different floristic influences exercised on the communities. However, in both, the typical attributes of dry formations were dominant (CWM), indicating that, on the regional scale of study, the dry season acts as a filter in the composition of species in the communities. On a local scale, stochastic dispersion was identified as the most influential mechanism in the assembly of communities. We conclude that deterministic and stochastic processes act in the assembly of the studied communities, and the proportion of each of these depends on the scale, with abiotic filtration predominating on a regional scale and stochastic dispersion events on a local scale. Study Implications With the expansion of agriculture and climate change, tropical dry biomes, such as deciduous seasonal forests, are rapidly changing. In this study, we contribute to the recognition of functional standards and community assembly of this vegetation type to assist in management planning, restoration, and conservation. Understanding the different processes involved in building a community is crucial for anticipating how communities will behave under future environmental scenarios.

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