scholarly journals Gastroesophageal tube of the Iguana iguana (Iguanidae): histological description, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of 5-HT and SS cells

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Serra-Campos ◽  
A. N. G. Abreu-Junior ◽  
A. A. Nascimento ◽  
M. Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
M. S. C. S. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Cervical Oesophagus ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium

Abstract The work aims were to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the gastroesophageal tube of Iguana iguana and verify the occurrence and distribution of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin (SS) cells. Fragments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five iguanas were which underwent standard histological and immunohistochemistry technique. Immunoreactive cells for 5-HT and SS were quantified using the STEPanizer. The oesophagus has ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium with staining Alcian blue (AB) + and goblet cells highly reactive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS). In the cervical oesophagus, the numerical density of 5-HT cells per unit area (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) was 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 and celomatic oesophagus presented QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar, PAS and AB +. The cranial and middle regions of the stomach presented (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 and the caudal region, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. The SS cells were only observed in the caudal stomach, with numerical density (QA [SS cells]/µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9 In I. iguana, variation was observed in terms of the distribution of mucus secretions and the pattern of occurrence of serotonin and somatostatin-secreting enteroendocrine cells in the TGI, which possibly will result in an interspecific adaptive response.

scholarly journals ANRIL regulates production of extracellular matrix proteins and vasoactive factors in diabetic complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. E191-E200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Alice Thomas ◽  
Biao Feng ◽  
Subrata Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ecm Proteins

noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest due to their prevailing presence in various diseases. lncRNA ANRIL (a. k. a. CDKN2B-AS1) is located on human chromosome 9 (p21.3) and transcribed in opposite direction to the INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It has been identified as a highly susceptible region for diseases such as coronary artery diseases and type 2 diabetes. Here, we explored its regulatory role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in association with epigenetic modifiers p300 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex. We used an ANRIL-knockout (ANRILKO) mouse model for this study. The wild-type and ANRILKO animals with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were monitored for 2 min. At the end of the time point, urine and tissues were collected. The tissues were measured for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col1α4), and VEGF mRNA and protein expressions. Renal function was determined by the measurement of 24-h urine volume and albumin/creatinine ratio at euthanasia. Renal and cardiac structures were investigated using periodic acid-Schiff stain and/or immunohistochemical analysis. Elevated expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were prevented in ANRILKO diabetic animals. Furthermore, ANRILKO had a protective effect on diabetic mouse kidneys, as evidenced by lowering of urine volume and urine albumin levels in comparison with the wild-type diabetic animals. These alterations regulated by ANRIL may be mediated by p300 and enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) of the PRC2 complex. Our study concludes that ANRIL regulates functional and structural alterations in the kidneys and hearts in diabetes through controlling the expressions of ECM proteins and VEGF.

The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis from C3H Mice: differences in glycoconjugates in mouse versus hamster small intestinal mucosa during infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujino ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Echinostoma Trivolvis ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

AbstractMucosal glycoconjugates were examined in C3H mice and in hamster small intestines infected with Echinostoma trivolvis and in uninfected rodents, using periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) staining and three different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA-II). Lectin-labelling by electron microscopy was also undertaken with WGA and HPA lectin-gold probes. HID-AB stain demonstrated that the most mature goblet cells of the mouse villi contain sulfomucins, whereas those of hamsters contain sialomucins. The expression of lectin-binding sites and the intensity of the lectin binding in the small intestines were changed by echinostome infection. Specific differences in the reaction to mucin glycoproteins were clearly observed between the mouse and hamster intestines infected with E. trivolvis; lectin-binding to hyperplastic goblet cells and crypts in the infected mice increased, while no marked increase in the number of goblet cells and reaction to the glycoconjugates were observed in the infected hamsters. These findings indicate that the expression of terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, sialic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine increased in mucins secreted from hyperplastic goblet cells associated with E. trivolvis infection in mice. No marked increase in these glycoconjugates occurred in hamster infections. These findings reflect clear differences in infectivity of E. trivolvis in C3H mice versus hamsters.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

scholarly journals Histochemical reactivity of peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Stoward ◽  
S S Spicer ◽  
R L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Terminal Galactose

A peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase (PL-HRP) conjugate has been applied to histochemical staining of paraffin sections of various mouse organs. The PL-HRP conjugate has selectively reacted with secretory bodies, the Golgi zone, and the apical cell surface in various cell types. Some positive sites, including lingual and tracheal serous glands, Brunner's glands, and the brush border of the proximal straight nephron, contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoconjugate with no affinity for basic reagents. The stored secretion in these sites was interpreted as containing neutral glycoprotein with terminal galactose residues which could, in part at least, account for the PAS reactivity. Duodenal goblet cells, which exhibited basophilia attributable to sulfate esters, also bound PL-HRP. As the binding was affected by prior sialidase digestion, the secretory glycoprotein in the duodenal goblet cells was judged to contain oligosaccharides with sulfate esters and terminal galactose uncapped by sialic acid. All sites known from their basophilia to form sialomucin failed to stain with the PL-HRP conjugate, but consistently gained reactivity following sialidase digestion and were inferred, therefore, to possess glycoproteins with oligosaccharide side chains containing subterminal galactose and terminal sialic acid. Lingual mucous glands, known to secrete a mucosubstance with basophilic properties indicative of the presence of sulfate esters but not sialic acid, stained with PL-HRP only after sialidase digestion and, accordingly, were reinterpreted as containing both sulfate esters and terminal galactose-sialic acid dimers. Staining of gastric surface epithelium demonstrated a srongly PAS-reactive neutral glycoprotein, and that of goblet cells in the cecum disclosed PAS-positive sulfated glycoprotein. The latter two sites lacked PL-HRP affinity without or with prior sialidase treatment and apparently possessed neither terminal galactose residues nor galactose-sialic acid dimers. PL-HRP affinity was observed exclusively in the Golgi cisternae of some epithelial cells, thus indicating that galactose occurs transiently as a terminal residue in this site. A few histologic sites, such as pancreatic and gastric zymogen cells and renal tubules, were devoid of both PAS reactivity and basophilia indicative of the presence of complex carbohydrate but stained strongly with the PL-HRP conjugate by means which are not understood. Galactose in the PL-HRP solution blocked or reversed the PL-HRP binding in most of the structures with an affinity for the conjugate, supporting the conclusions that the reagent is specific for galactosyl residues.

scholarly journals Loss of NHE8 expression impairs intestinal mucosal integrity

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (11) ◽  
pp. G855-G864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Malin E. V. Johansson ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Mucosal Integrity ◽  
Mucin 2

The newest member of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) family, NHE8, is abundantly expressed at the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelia. We previously reported that mucin 2 expression was significantly decreased in the colon in NHE8−/− mice, suggesting that NHE8 is involved in intestinal mucosal protection. In this study, we further evaluated the role of NHE8 in intestinal epithelial protection after dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) challenge. Compared with wild-type mice, NHE8−/− mice have increased bacterial adhesion and inflammation, especially in the distal colon. NHE8−/− mice are also susceptible to DSS treatment. Real-time PCR detected a remarkable increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 in DSS-treated NHE8−/− mice compared with DSS-treated wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemistry showed a disorganized epithelial layer in the colon of NHE8−/− mice. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed a reduction in the number of mature goblet cells and the area of the goblet cell theca in NHE8−/− mice. Phyloxine/tartrazine staining revealed a decrease in functional Paneth cell population in the NHE8−/− small intestinal crypt. The expression of enteric defensins was also decreased in NHE8−/− mice. The reduced mucin production in goblet cells and antimicrobial peptides production in Paneth cells lead to disruption of the intestinal mucosa protection. Therefore, NHE8 may be involved in the establishment of intestinal mucosal integrity by regulating the functions of goblet and Paneth cells.

scholarly journals Identification of Brachyspira spp. in the cecum of broiler chickens using histology and in situ diagnostic assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2813-2824
Author(s):  
Monica Regina de Matos ◽  
◽  
Aline Patrícia Grzegozevski ◽  
Alessandra da Cruz ◽  
Arthur Colombari Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Ffpe Tissue ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains underdiagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from 129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, whereas rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma arising in Minor Salivary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
Felipe Perozzo Daltoe ◽  
Liliane Janete Grando ◽  
Maria Inês Meurer ◽  
Elena Riet Correa Rivero ◽  
Filipe Modolo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

ABSTRACT Mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (MCxPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor predominantly found in major salivary glands. A case of MCxPA involving the soft tissue and bone of the retromolar region of a 26-year-old man is presented. The histopathological features revealed a neoplasm with predominance of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) elements, and presence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma malignant epithelial cells in several areas. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were positive for periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue, cytokeratins 7, 13, 14, and 19, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2, FGF-2 and maspin in the malignant areas. The patient underwent a partial resection of the left side of the mandible with neck dissection and MCxPA diagnosis was confirmed. How to cite this article Daltoe FP, Grando LJ, Meurer MI, Rivero ERC, Modolo F. A Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma arising in Minor Salivary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7):603-606.

scholarly journals Mucosubstances in the porcine gastrointestinal tract: Fixation, staining and quantification

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Rieger ◽  
Barbara Drewes ◽  
Hana Hünigen ◽  
Johanna Plendl
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Section ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Neutral Mucin ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Triple Staining

Mucins are of great interest in intestinal research and histochemical methods are often employed to identify them. Since it is in the nature of mucins that they are “hard to hold onto” once they come into contact with water, a frequently used medium in histochemistry, there are a number of challenges that may decrease diagnostic accuracy. As the outcome of methods published for microscopic detection of mucosubstances proved to be unsatisfactory in our hands, the aim was the establishment of a reliable and reproducible protocol. Tissue samples were available from pig feeding experiments. In the present study, we focus on a fixation / staining procedure without making comparisons between differently fed pigs. Several fixation and staining procedures were evaluated for their use in semiautomatic quantification and quality assessment of different mucus fractions simultaneous on one tissue section. Cryostat sectioning, subsequent fixation steps with heat, ethanol and modified Bouin’s solution, followed by triple staining with high iron diamine, alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff turned out to be the best method to identify sulfomucin, sialomucin and neutral mucin simultaneous on one tissue section. This methodology resulted in very good morphology of goblet cells with intact mucin containing vesicles within the cells, which was comparable to ultrastructural electron microscopical observations. Semiautomatic quantification of different mucins was possible. In conclusion, reliable mucus quantification and assessment of mucus quality requires strictly tested procedures. According to our experience, the most important aim after cryosectioning is fast fixation of the mucosubstances, which requires a combination of different fixation steps.

Epithelial response to intestinal anaphylaxis in rats: goblet cell secretion and enterocyte damage

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. G632-G637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Perdue ◽  
J. F. Forstner ◽  
N. W. Roomi ◽  
D. G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Ige Mediated

The effects of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions on the intestinal epithelium were examined during intestinal anaphylaxis in the rat. Rats sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of egg albumin (EA) plus alum developed high serum titers of IgE anti-EA antibodies after 14 days; sham-treated littermate controls had no anti-EA antibodies. Two isolated loops of jejunum were prepared in vivo in anesthetized rats. The loops were injected with EA in saline or saline alone, and intraluminal contents of each loop were examined after 4 h. Mucosal histamine decreased in sensitized rat intestine exposed to EA. Luminal mucin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was not increased by antigen challenge. In contrast, DNA, protein, and sucrase activities were elevated in contents from the isolated segments exposed to EA in sensitized rats. Histology revealed that periodic acid-Schiff-stained material was contained in goblet cells in sections prepared from these segments after antigen exposure. Cellular debris was present over the tips of the villi. These findings suggest that IgE-mediated reactions in the intestine cause epithelial damage and loss of material from cells other than goblet cells. The results indicate that release of goblet cell mucus is not a feature of intestinal anaphylaxis.

scholarly journals Celastrol slows the progression of early diabetic nephropathy in rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Nie ◽  
Chengxiao Fu ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Early Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy serves as one of the most regular microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the main factor that causes end-stage renal disease and incident mortality. As the beneficial effect and minute adverse influence of Celastrol on the renal system requires further elucidation, the renoprotective function of Celastrol in early diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Methods In high-fat and high-glucose diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which is the early diabetic nephropathy model, ALT, AST, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were used to explore the renoprotective effect of Celastrol to diabetic nephropathy rats and the underlying mechanism. Results High dose of Celastrol (1.5 mg/kg/d) not only improved the kidney function of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, and decreased the blood glucose and 24 h urinary albumin, but also increased the expression of LC3II and nephrin, and downregulated the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and the mRNA level of NF-κB and mTOR. Conclusion Celastrol functions as a potential therapeutic substance, acting via the PI3K/AKT pathway to attenuate renal injury, inhibit glomerular basement membrane thickening, and achieve podocyte homeostasis in diabetic nephropathy.

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