scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) as a predator of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Al-Azzazy ◽  
S. S. Alhewairini ◽  
N. F. Abdel-Baky ◽  
M. Z. Qureshi ◽  
M. J. Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
High Fecundity

Abstract The leaf miner, Tuta absoluta is continue to be a serious threat to solanaceous plants, especially tomato plant worldwide. Tomato crop in Saudi Arabia has been recently affected by T. absoluta, which is difficult to control due to its unique biological features, such as high fecundity and its potential to develop resistance to chemical pesticides. In this article, the suitability and effectiveness of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), an indigenous species usually found in tomato greenhouses of northcentral Saudi Arabia, has been evaluated on eggs and 1st instar larvae of T. absoluta in the laboratory. All experiments were conducted in an incubator at three constant temperatures of 22, 27 and 32°C ± 1°C, 50 ± 4% R.H. and L12:D12 h photoperiod. Adult females and males of N. cucumeris were able to feed and sustain oviposition on eggs and 1st instar larvae of T. absoluta, and could be an effective biocontrol agent against T. absoluta. The N. cucumeris had a clear preference for eggs compared to 1st instar larvae of T. absoluta. The results showed the obvious effect of the temperature on the consumption rate of the predatory mite. The maximum daily consumption rate occurred during the oviposition period, when the females of the predatory mite consumed an average of 4.26 eggs and 2.44 1st instar larvae of T. absoluta. In general, total fecundity was high with T. absoluta eggs as a food source when temperature increased from 22 to 32°C. The highest fecundity rate (42.92 and 20.97 eggs /female) was recorded at 32°C, while the lowest one (26.77 and 10.12 eggs / female) was recorded at 22°C, when N. cucumeris female fed on eggs and 1st instar larvae of T. absoluta, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the predatory mite, N. cucumeris can be considered a promising potential candidate for controlling the leaf miner T. absoluta, and further research is required to assess its effectiveness under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of some bioinsecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alime Bayindir Erol ◽  
Oktay Erdoğan ◽  
İsmail Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner

Abstract Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

scholarly journals Эффективность применения селенитов в период вегетации для обогащения чеснока селеном

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.V. Polykov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Root Treatment

Цель исследования усовершенствование способа обогащения растений чеснока селеном до уровня суточной нормы потребления путем обработки вегетирующих растений растворами селенитов натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно-активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом. Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в 20162018 годах, на супесчаной почве, содержание гумуса в которой составляло 3,413,44, рНKCl 6,7, степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляло 22,7824,62 мг (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений осенью под основную обработку в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2, в период вегетации проводили подкормки растений: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в течение периода исследований были благоприятны для выращивания чеснока. Поливы проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Исследования проведены на чесноке озимом сорта Гладиатор. Схема опытов предполагала предпосадочное замачивание зубков в течение 30 мин. и последующую двукратную обработку вегетирующих растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами (1) и диметилсульфоксидом (1): первый раз в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев и второй через три недели. Установлено, что некорневая обработка растений селенитом натрия была в 2,3 раза, а селенитом калия в 5,8 раза эффективнее, чем корневая. Сделан вывод о том, что луковицы чеснока, полученные, в результате некорневой обработки растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом содержат в 145,3169,8 раза больше селена, чем контроль, что позволяет получить зубки, содержащие селен в концентрации 6,837,98 мг/кг. Суточная норма потребления чеснока составляет примерно 10 г, средняя потребность в селене составляет от 30 до 70 мкг. Учитывая, что содержание селена в обогащенной продукции составит 68,3 79,8 мкг/10 г чеснока предложенный способ обогащения позволяет в полной мере удовлетворить суточную потребность организма человека в этом микроэлементе.The aim of investigation was to improve the method of enrichment of garlic plants with selenium to the level of daily consumption rate by treatment of vegetative plants with solutions of sodium and potassium selenites in combination with surfactants. The investigations were carried out at ARRIVG branch of FSCVG, in open ground in 20162018, on sandy loam soil with humus content of 3.413.44, pHKCl 6.7, content of phosphorus (P2O5) in the layer 020 cm was 22.7824.62 mg (Chirikov) content of potassium (K2O) 10.3817.88 mg (Maslova). To improve mineral nutrition of plants fall under the basic treatment in the soil was added potassium chloride at a dose of 50 g/m2 during the growing season were plant nutrition: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, two weeks after the first potassium sulphate and 50 g/m2. Weather conditions during the period of growth were favorable for growing garlic. Watering was carried out at the periods where the top layer of soil was dried. Studies were carried out on variety Gladiator of winter garlic. The experimental design included soaking the cloves for 30 minutes before planting, and subsequent double treatment of vegetating plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium selenite in combination with surfactants (1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (1): the first time in the phase of the beginning of intense leaf growth and the second time after 3 weeks. As a result of the investigations it was found that non-root treatment of plants with solutions containing selenium was more effective than root treatment. Non-root top dressing with sodium selenite was in 2.3 times, and potassium selenite in 5.8 times more effective than root. It is concluded that garlic bulbs obtained as a result of non-root treatment of plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium Selenite in combination with surfactants and dimethylsulfoxide contain 145.3169.8 times more selenium than control, which allows to obtain teeth containing selenium in a concentration of 6.837.98 mg/kg. The daily consumption rate of garlic is approximately 10 g, the average need for selenium element is from 30 to 70 micrograms. Because of content of selenium in enriched products consisted of 68.3-79.8 mcg/10 g of garlic, the proposed method of enrichment allows to fully satisfy the daily need of the human body at this microelement.

scholarly journals Effect of Constant Temperatures on Biological Parameters of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) on Tomato Plants in Case of Asexual Reproduction (Parthenogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Nabil Abo Kaf ◽  
◽  
Rawa Youssef ◽  
Rafic Aboud ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate

Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key devastating pest worldwide, it has the capacity to develop on a wide range of Solanaceous plants but tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered to be its preferred host. This study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Centre in Latakia in 2019 to estimate biological parameters of T. absoluta and evaluate the effect of temperature in its development, longevity, reproduction in parthenogenesis. The experiments were carried out at constant temperatures (10, 20, 30˚ C), 60-65% RH, and photoperiod (16L: 8D). Biological parameters were analyzed according to the theory of age-stage two-sex life table by using the computer program TWO-SEX MSchart. The highest value of intrinsic rate of increase (r), the final increase rate (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) were 0.0439±0.0028 females/female/day, 1.0449±0.0029, and 7.01±0.8705 females/female/generation, respectively, at 20˚C. The lowest value of net reproductive rate (Ro) was 0.92±0.1250 females/female/generation at 30˚C. Generation time (T) was the longest (44.3±0.203 days) at 20˚C and decreased to 26.38±1.156 days at 30˚C. T. absoluta completed its development at all these temperatures. The results obtained showed that the effect of temperature on the insect development from egg to adult decreased with increased temperature. The shortest development period on egg, larva and pupa development was 3.95±0.149, 11.975±0.075 and 4.95±0.086 days, respectively, at 30˚C. This means that the development time from egg to adult was shorter (20.8±1.151 days) at 30˚C as compared to 34.51±0.127 days at 20˚C, and longest at 10˚C (125.4±1.211 days). The female longevity was longer (61.35±0.25 days) at 20˚C. The highest rate of fecundity was 12.98±1.072 eggs/unmated female, and the lowest was 2.19±0.152 eggs/unmated female at 30˚C. Moreover, the unmated females kept at 10˚C did not lay eggs, and unfertilized eggs (asexually produced eggs) laid by unmated females at 20 or 30˚C did not hatch. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) of unmated females was 2.57±0.1368 days at 20˚C and 4.31±0.2629 days at 30˚C, whereas the total APOP of females was 36.86±0.1844 days at 20˚C and 24.21±0.3039 days at 30˚C. Keywords: Tomato leaf miner, Life tables, asexual reproduction, Parthenogenesis, Syria

scholarly journals TOMATO LEAF MINER, TUTA ABSOLUTA (LEP., GELECHIIDAE), POPULATION FLUCTUATION AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Shahriar Asgari ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour
Keyword(s):  
Larval Density ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner ◽  
Tehran Province

Seasonal activity and population fluctuation of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a dangerous pest of tomato fields in Tehran province, were determined in Varamin region, south of Tehran province in 2015-2016. Number of moths in pheromone trap and number of larvae per plant were counted weekly in a trail tomato field. The trap capture began on mid-April in warm dry spring of 2015 and on mid-May in cool wet spring of 2016. The first and highest moth peaks in trap occurred about one month earlier in 2015 than 2016. The larval density per plant at the highest peak reached 2.34 and 10.8 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. A temperature range of 25-30°C was desirable to the pest in which the interval of successive peaks decreased. In both years, the pest created three generations over a growing season, according to larval peaks, but 11 over a year, according to trap data, that the 11th generation overwintered. The temperature of 35°C and above limited larval activity and decreased the population. After the crop removed, the pest population declined due to host shortage, but it increased with the access of hosts in the second cultivation since mid-September until the cold season.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Cancer Predisposition Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Kobar ◽  
Keon Collett ◽  
Sergey V. Prykhozhij ◽  
Jason N. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Cancer Predisposition ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
The Impact

Cancer predisposition syndromes are rare, typically monogenic disorders that result from germline mutations that increase the likelihood of developing cancer. Although these disorders are individually rare, resulting cancers collectively represent 5–10% of all malignancies. In addition to a greater incidence of cancer, affected individuals have an earlier tumor onset and are frequently subjected to long-term multi-modal cancer screening protocols for earlier detection and initiation of treatment. In vivo models are needed to better understand tumor-driving mechanisms, tailor patient screening approaches and develop targeted therapies to improve patient care and disease prognosis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a robust model for cancer research due to its high fecundity, time- and cost-efficient genetic manipulation and real-time high-resolution imaging. Tumors developing in zebrafish cancer models are histologically and molecularly similar to their human counterparts, confirming the validity of these models. The zebrafish platform supports both large-scale random mutagenesis screens to identify potential candidate/modifier genes and recently optimized genome editing strategies. These techniques have greatly increased our ability to investigate the impact of certain mutations and how these lesions impact tumorigenesis and disease phenotype. These unique characteristics position the zebrafish as a powerful in vivo tool to model cancer predisposition syndromes and as such, several have already been created, including those recapitulating Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, RASopathies, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, and several other pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes. In addition, the zebrafish platform supports medium- to high-throughput preclinical drug screening to identify compounds that may represent novel treatment paradigms or even prevent cancer evolution. This review will highlight and synthesize the findings from zebrafish cancer predisposition models created to date. We will discuss emerging trends in how these zebrafish cancer models can improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms driving cancer predisposition and their potential to discover therapeutic and/or preventative compounds that change the natural history of disease for these vulnerable children, youth and adults.

Toxicity of Shirazi thyme, Zataria multiflora essential oil to the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Goudarzvande Chegini ◽  
Habib Abbasipour ◽  
Jaber Karimi ◽  
Alireza Askarianzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Oil Concentration

AbstractThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a destructive pest of tomato, potato and other solanaceous crops of economic importance. One of the primary tools in its management is the use of conventional synthetic insecticides; however, this overreliance on synthetic insecticides quickly leads to the problem of insecticide resistance. In recent years, essential oils (EOs) of medicinal plants have received much attention as pest control chemical agents. If found, active compounds that are less persistent will be beneficial for both the environment and agricultural product consumers. In the current study, we studied the fumigant toxicity of EO of the Shirazi thyme, Zataria multiflora Boiss on the eggs, the second larval instars and adults. We analysed the composition of the EO by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major component in the oil was thymol (33.52%). The EO showed strong adulticidal, larvicidal and ovicidal activity. Results show that by increasing the oil concentration, mortality will increase. By Probit analysis, the LC50 values for eggs, second larvae (inside leaf, outside leaf) and adults were 60.26, 4.44, 1.26 and 1.38 µl/L air, respectively. The EO of Z. multiflora may be suitable as a fumigant, because of its high volatility and safety.

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