scholarly journals Cultural keystone species of fauna as a method for assessing conservation priorities in a Protected Area of the Brazilian semiarid

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallyne Machado Bonifácio ◽  
Eliza Maria Xavier Freire ◽  
Alexandre Schiavetti

The Cultural Keystone Species (CKS) method of identification has been used to define culturally important species. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize CKS vertebrates in the communities surrounding the Environmental Protection Area of Chapada do Araripe and define conservation priorities using semi-structured interviews and free listings. Interviews were conducted with 246 people; 53 species were identified and then included in categories of use: food, medicinal, handicraft and symbolic. Food preference was identified for Mazama gouazoubira, Penelope superciliaris, Dasyprocta prymnolopha and Dasypus novencimctus. As medicinal resources, Salvator merianae and M. gouazoubira represented 51.85% of treatment recommendations. For use in handicrafts, M. gouazoubira, which is also the only species recorded for symbolic use, stands out. Use values (UV) varied from 0.03 to 1.34, and M. gouazoubira had the highest UV (1.34) and a 0.74 projection. Regarding cultural importance, M. gouazoubira was the species with the highest UV and projection, and was indicated as a CKS to be prioritized in research and conservation studies.

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane S. Martins ◽  
Francisco José Bezerra Souto ◽  
Alexandre Schiavetti

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and apart from carrying out important ecologicalfunctions, they have an important socioeconomic role because they are source of income and livelihoods for severalcommunities. Coroa Vermelha, is a district of Santa Cruz Cabrália, State of Bahia, and, together with the northern portionof Porto Seguro, it comprises the Coroa Vermelha APA (Environmental Protection Area). The artisanal fishing of octopusstill plays an important role for the local population, although tourism is a more promising alternative. This study coversthe behaviour of the octopus fishermen from Coroa Vermelha relating to their catch, other elements of the ecosystem, andpossible conservation implications, following a broad ethnoecological approach. Non-structured interviews, followed bysemi-structured and structured interviews, with randomly selected octopus fishermen and with “native specialists”, werecarried out. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The technique of direct observation,when fishermen were accompanied during the fishing, was also used. Twenty fishermen were interviewed; eight of whomwere considered “native specialists”. Two techniques of capture were reported, the catching of octopus over the reef andthrough diving, and five sampling points were cited as the most frequently fished by the local octopus fishermen. Amongstthe proposed interactions, that of human/plant interactions was found to be the weakest and that of human/animal thestrongest when fishing for octopus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-359
Author(s):  
Fabio Henrique Gomes Pontes ◽  
Fabiano De Oliveira Bringel

Desvendar a relação de poder assimétrica entre Neoextrativismo e o Campesinato na região mineradora de Carajás, é nesse viés em que consiste o esforço de pesquisa demonstrado, parcialmente, neste artigo. Destacamos para isso, ser necessário a relação entre a dimensão ambiental da Questão Agrária na Amazônia. No primeiro semestre de 2021 adentramos na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Igarapé Gelado, APA do Gelado, localizada na Floresta Nacional de Carajás – FLONACA, no Sudeste do Pará, l0cus do nosso estudo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos documentos institucionais (IBAMA, ICMBio e Vale/SA). Contudo, a etapa principal da nossa pesquisa foi o trabalho de campo. Utilizamos como técnica de pesquisa, gravações de áudio e entrevistas semiestruturadas, a qual busca dialogar entre o momento da conquista da terra e a relação estabelecida entre a Vale e as famílias camponesas. Além disso, utilizamos fotografias para aproximar o leitor da realidade imagética de nossa pesquisa. Em outros momentos, o uso do diário de campo foi imprescindível. Percorremos os lotes dos colonos que ainda resistem no território. Discorremos sobre isso porque muitas famílias sofreram impactos profundos em seu modo de vida e de produção e, logicamente, em sua reprodução social camponesa. Barragens, vigilância e uso restrito ao território na APA são alguns dos elementos constrangedores às territorialidades dessas unidades familiares. Os dados nos induzem a problematizar a ação da prática mineradora, promovida principalmente pela Vale, que reforça as contradições próprias da sua atividade, causando problemas ambientais ao converter os bens comuns em uma lógica de acumulação permanente. Como consequência, intensifica-se os conflitos territoriais e, contraditoriamente, se abrem possibilidades para a permanência das famílias camponesas que têm resistido no território e construindo sua liberdade tecidas no trabalho diário com a terra. Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação; Neoextrativismo; Vale; Direitos Territoriais; Campesinato.   Abstract Our research efforts involve revealing the asymmetrical power relations between neo-extractivism and the peasantry in the mining region of Carajás, as demonstrated in part in this article. In the first semester of 2021, we entered the Carajás Environmental Protection Area FLONACA in the southeast of Pará, the main site of our study. We used institutional documents from IBAMA, ICMBio and Vale/SA to collect data. However, the principal phase of our research was fieldwork. Our research techniques included using audio recordings and semi-structured interviews about the moment of winning land and about the relation between Vale and the peasant families. In addition, we used photography to bring the reader closer to the visual reality of our research. In other moments, the use of field notes was essential. We say this because many families suffered profound impacts to their livelihoods and their production and, logically, in their social reproduction as peasantry. Dams, security, and restrictions to land use in the environmental protection area are some of the elements constraining the territoriality of these family units. The data leads us to problematize the mining activity promoted primarily by Vale, which reinforces the very contradictions of its own activity, causing environmental problems upon converting common goods into a permanent logic of accumulation. As a result, territorial conflicts intensify and, paradoxically, possibilities to remain emerge for families who have resisted within the territory and built their freedom through daily labor with the land. Keywords: Conservation Areas; Neo-Extractivism; Vale; Land Rights; Peasantry.   ¿Para quién es la protección del ambiente? Disputas territoriales entre Vale y comunidades campesinas: El caso de la APA Rio Gelado en Carajás (PA)   Resumen Develar la relación asimétrica de poder entre neoextractivismo y campesinato en la región minera de Carajás fue lo que nuestro esfuerzo de investigación quedó parcialmente demostrado en este artículo. Para ello, destacamos la necesidad de una relación entre la dimensión ambiental de la Cuestión Agraria en la Amazonía. En el primer semestre de 2021 ingresamos al Área de Protección Ambiental Igarapé Gelado, APA do Gelado, ubicada en el Bosque Nacional Carajás – FLONACA, en el Sureste de Pará, el lugar de nuestro estudio. Para la recolección de datos utilizamos documentos institucionales (IBAMA, ICMBio y Vale/SA). Sin embargo, la etapa principal de nuestra investigación fue el trabajo de campo. Utilizamos como técnica de investigación, grabaciones de audio y entrevistas semiestructuradas, dialogando entre el momento de la conquista de la tierra y la relación entre Vale y las familias campesinas. Además, utilizamos fotografías para acercar al lector a la realidad imaginaria de nuestra investigación. En otras ocasiones, el uso del diario de campo fue fundamental. Recorrimos los lotes de colonos que aún resisten en el territorio. Decimos esto porque muchas familias han sufrido impactos profundos en su forma de vida y producción y, por supuesto, en su reproducción social campesina. Represas, vigilancia y uso restringido al territorio en la APA son algunos de los elementos que limitan la territorialidad de estas unidades familiares. Los datos nos llevan a problematizar la acción de la práctica minera impulsada, principalmente por Vale, que refuerza las contradicciones inherentes a su actividad, provocando problemas ambientales al convertir los bienes comunes en una lógica de acumulación permanente. Como consecuencia, se intensifican los conflictos territoriales y, contradictoriamente, se abren posibilidades para la permanencia de las familias campesinas, que han resistido en el territorio y construido su libertad entretejida en el trabajo diario con la tierra. Palabras clave: Unidades de conservación; Neoextractivismo; Vale; Derechos territoriales; Campesinado.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171
Author(s):  
Souare Konsala ◽  
Froumsia Moksia ◽  
Hamawa Yougouda ◽  
Sassouang Evele Moctar ◽  
. Tchobsala ◽  
...  

Forest products play an important role in supporting livelihoods in many developing countries. The study examined diversity and local uses of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Zamay forest reserve in Cameroon. The inventory design consisted of three collection units (CU): CU1,  CU2 and CU3 in the north, center and south of the reserve respectively. In each CU, seven plots of 2 500 m2 each (50 m × 50 m) were established and woody individuals (dbh ≥ 10 cm) were inventoried. Local uses of NTFP were determined through semi-structured and structured interviews and plot methods were used for the inventory of the resource species. Statistical analyses were performed with Origin 6.0 and XLSTAT Softwares. A total of 745 stems was recorded, representing fifty-two species grouped in twenty-two families and thirty-seven genera. The Shannon diversity index (H’) varied from 2.52 to 3.11, and Shannon evenness index (EQ) from 0.75 to 0.83. The most dominant families were Combretaceae, Burseraceae, Balanitaceae and Mimosaceae. A total of 44 useful species was recorded in five categories of uses: medicine, food, fodder, crafts and fertilizers. The most important species in terms of use values were Acacia albida Del., Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Balanites aegyptiaca L., Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., Tamarindus indica L. and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Means of frequency of citation and use values were not significantly different. Results of this survey will allow considering reforestation with valued species in the degraded parts of the reserve.


Author(s):  
João Paulo de Lima Braga ◽  
Sarah França Andrade ◽  
Richieri Antonio Sartori

The Atlantic Forest and Cerrado are domains of Brazil. We should pay more attention to the lesser assessed points in these biomes, as well as to their rocky outcrops. These sites are under great anthropogenic pressure due to the mineral exploitation present. This results in environmental degradation and loss of species that have not yet been studied. In the present study we aimed to characterize the structure and composition of a rocky outcrop in order to provide aids for the creation of protected areas and on the adoption of management techniques in areas degraded by mining activities. In total, we surveyed vegetation and environmental conditions in 10 plots (50 x 2m) allocated in the Environmental Protection Area of Pedra Branca Ecological Sanctuary, MG. We found 60 species distributed within 30 families and 52 genera, and diversity of 2.83 nats/ind. The most important family was Orchidaceae, which was followed by Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, Bromeliaceae and Piperace. The most important species were Cyperus coriifolius, Brasiliorchis picta, Tibouchina heteromalla, Paspalum notatum and Aechmea distichantha. The area has a higher Shannon diversity index (H’) than other quartzite outcrops.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marina E. O. Rangel ◽  
Luana P. R. Oliveira ◽  
Aline D. Cabral ◽  
Katharyna C. Gois ◽  
Marcos V. M. Lima ◽  
...  

In 2018–2019, we conducted mosquito collections in a municipal vehicle impound yard, which is 10 km from the Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area in Santo André, SP, Brazil. Our aim is to study arboviruses in the impound yard, to understand the transmission of arboviruses in an urban environment in Brazil. We captured the mosquitoes using human-landing catches and processed them for arbovirus detection by conventional and quantitative RT-PCR assays. We captured two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (73 total specimens; 18 females and 55 males) and Ae. albopictus (34 specimens; 27 females and 7 males). The minimum infection rate for DENV-2 was 11.5 per 1000 (CI95%: 1–33.9). The detection of DENV-2 RNA in an Ae. albopictus female suggests that this virus might occur in high infection rates in the sampled mosquito population and is endemic in the urban areas of Santo André. In addition, Guadeloupe mosquito virus RNA was detected in an Ae. aegypti female. To our knowledge, this was the first detection of the Guadeloupe mosquito virus in Brazil.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 101143
Author(s):  
Michele Fernandes ◽  
Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Lima ◽  
Susanna Eleonora Sichel ◽  
Jessica de Freitas Delgado ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.


2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico de Moraes Rudorff ◽  
Douglas Francisco Marcolino Gherardi

The present work aimed to examine the potentials of SAR RADARSAT-1 images to detect emergent coral reefs at the Environmental Protection Area of "Costa dos Corais". Multi-view filters were applied and tested for speckle noise reduction. A digital unsupervised classification based on image segmentation was performed and the classification accuracy was evaluated by an error matrix built between the SAR image classification and a reference map obtained from a TM Landsat-5 classification. The adaptative filters showed the best results for speckle suppression and border preservation, especially the Kuan, Gamma MAP, Lee, Frost and Enhanced Frost filters. Small similarity and area thresholds (5 and 10, respectively) were used for the image segmentation due to the reduced dimensions and the narrow and elongated forms of the reefs. The classification threshold of 99% had a better user's accuracy, but a lower producer's accuracy because it is a more restrictive threshold; therefore, it may be possible that it had a greater omission on reef classification. The results indicate that SAR images have a good potential for the detection of emergent coral reefs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Cibele Rigolin Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
João Henrique de Souza Barros ◽  
Michel Constantino ◽  
Fernando Jorge Corrêa Magalhães Filho ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Reis Ferreira Lima ◽  
Jucivaldo Dias Lima ◽  
Soraia Dias Lima ◽  
Raullyan Borja Lima Silva ◽  
Gilda Vasconcellos de Andrade

Abstract Amphibian research has grown steadily in recent years in the Amazon region, especially in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Amapá, and neighboring areas of the Guiana Shield. Even so, few data are available for the Amazonian savannas of Brazil. To contribute to the understanding of the diversity of the amphibians of these savannas, we surveyed 15 temporary ponds, six located in open areas, seven on the edge of savanna forest, and two within the forest, in the savanna of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. Sampling occurred from May 2013 to August 2014 during periods when the ponds contained water. Amphibians were sampled through visual and auditory surveys conducted during both the day- and the nighttime periods on seven days each month over a total of 84 days. A total of 1574 individuals belonging to four families, 12 genera, and 28 species were recorded during the surveys. The cumulative species curve reached the asymptote, indicating that sampling effort was adequate. The number of species was 25% higher than that reported in other studies in Amazonian savannas. Twelve species were recorded for the first time in the savanna of Amapá. Lysapsus boliviana was the most common species (n = 332 of the individuals recorded). The greatest amphibian species richness found in the Rio Curiaú EPA was associated with the savanna mosaic, forest patches, lowland swamp, and temporary ponds. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the diversity of amphibian species in the Guianan area of endemism in northern Brazil, and also the Amazonian savannas.


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