scholarly journals Composition of the ichthyofauna in Brazilian semiarid reservoirs

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Yasmin Lustosa Costa ◽  
José Etham de Lucena Barbosa ◽  
Leandro Gomes Viana ◽  
Telton Pedro Anselmo Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract The scale of impact that the São Francisco River transposition project will have on the drainage basins ichthyofauna is still unclear, however, changes in the fish community diversity and abundance is probable. Surveys and registries of the fish fauna within key systems of the catchment basins are priority actions for the conservation of the aquatic diversity. This study conducted a taxonomic survey of the Epitácio Pessoa (Boqueirão municipality) and Argemiro de Figueiredo (Itatuba municipality), reservoirs ichthyofauna, both belonging to the Paraíba do Norte River basin, important socioeconomic and environmental systems for the transposition project. Monthly sampling was carried out between October/2014 to September/2015 in the upstream and downstream zones of the reservoirs. The specimens were collected using dip nets, drag nets, and sieves, and placed on ice in the field. Later in the laboratory, they were transferred to 10% formaldehyde and then preserved in 70% alcohol. A total of 2,328 specimens were collected representing five orders, 14 families, and 31 species in both systems. At the upstream zones 2057 specimens were collected representing 17 species, and at the downstream zones 271 specimens were collected representing 24 species. Of the 31 species recorded, 13 species are endemic to watersheds that drain rivers from the Brazilian semi-arid region, and seven species (Apareiodon davisi, Characidium bimaculatum, Hypostomus pusarum, Parotocinclus jumbo, P. spilosoma, Pimelodella enochi, and Prochilodus brevis) are endemic to the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga Ecoregion (MNCE). Among the latter, Parotocinclus spilosoma and Pimelodella enochi are endemic to the Paraíba do Norte River. Apareiodon davisi is classified as Endangered according to the current published Brazil’s official list of endangered species of fish and aquatic invertebrates. This pre-transposition ichthyofaunistic survey will serve as a basis for future post-transposition analyzes, considering this action will change the scope of the ecosystems diversity.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in fish composition and abundance in a perennial tributary of the rio Paraguaçu, a little-known drainage in the Brazilian semi-arid region

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Clistenes de A. Santos ◽  
Érica P. Caramaschi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Perennial Stream ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The rio Santo Antônio is a perennial lowland stream in the Brazilian semi-arid region, and is the main tributary of the upper rio Paraguaçu, an important drainage of the Chapada Diamantina. The temporal variation of the fish composition and abundance in a stretch of the middle course of the river was evaluated. Sampling was carried out monthly between August 1998 and July 1999, using standardized gear and techniques. Data on water and air temperature, water transparency, maximum and mean depth, width and area of the channel, and flow were recorded on each fish sampling occasion. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed in order to detect significant temporal differences in environmental parameters and fish abundance. Temperature, transparency and channel depth drove opposite tendencies between the dry and rainy months. The fish community richness (32) and composition did not change between these periods, but large fish caught with gillnets were more abundant in the rainy months. We conclude that the undramatic disturbance in the hydrological stream conditions between the dry and rainy periods led to weak responses of the fish assemblage. Long-term monitoring would be necessary, however, to assess the real persistence of the fish community structure in this perennial stream.

Comanthera borbae (Eriocaulaceae): a new species endemic to the Northern portion of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CARINA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
PATRÍCIA LUZ RIBEIRO ◽  
ANA MARIA GIULIETTI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Semi Arid

A new species of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae) from Brazil is described and illustrated. C. borbae is a perennial herb with a cushion habit, endemic to the rocky outcrops in the Northern part of the Chapada Diamantina, in the semi-arid region of Bahia state, here assessed as an endangered species. Its habitat and morphological variation are discussed, in comparison with C. pignalii and C. floccosa, also from Bahia.

scholarly journals Food resources used by three species of fish in the semi-arid region of Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio J. da Silva ◽  
Bruno R. S. Figueiredo ◽  
Robson T. C. Ramos ◽  
Elvio S. F. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Study Species

Temporary and semi-permanent aquatic habitats in semi-arid Brazil have been reported as important sites supporting a diverse fish fauna. As such, they must be able to trophically sustain fish species that feed at different trophic levels. This study aims to describe the diets of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Hoplias malabaricus and Prochilodus brevis in aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil, providing evidence of the importance of these habitats as supporters of large consumers like fish. The diet of the three species studied was diverse, feeding on a range of food items, from microalgae to fish. Despite that, a few items were more important to each of the study species. These results and the relatively high rates of stomach fullness indicate that a diverse and abundant food range is available in the study sites, but species seem to select some food resources. The present study provides evidence that despite being highly variable, intermittent and semi-permanent aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil are able to trophically sustain large consumers.

The Molecular Characterization and Biological Assessment of the Leaves Extracts of Loofah Reveal their Nutraceutical Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takoua Ben Hlel ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Fatih Gül ◽  
Muhammed Altun ◽  
Ayşe Şahin Yağlıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Background:: Luffa cylindrica is a plant that is widely distributed in Africa and Asia and it can be grown in regions with tropical or subtropical climates. Few patents dealt with Loofah biological properties, including some functional foods formulated from its leaves. Objective:: This study aimed to structurally and functionally characterize the bioactive compounds of L. cylindrica leaves grown in two different environments. Methods:: The extracts of L. cylindrica leaves collected from two Tunisian locations: Essouasi (LE), a semi-arid region and Medenine (LM) an arid region, were investigated for their phenolic compounds and fatty acids using HPLC/TOF-MS and GCMS techniques respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated with DPPH, Chelating effect, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion scavenging activities while the anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was assessed using xCELLigence real time cell analyzer and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results:: The antiproliferative capacity of both extracts was time and dose-dependent with LE presenting the lowest HeLa cell index (CI = 0.035 ± 0.018, 250 μg/ml). LE also showed the best cytotoxic capacity (56.49 ± 0.8%) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 54.41 ± 1.12 μg/ml for DPPH and 12.12 ± 0.07 μg/ml for chelating effet). 14 phenolic compounds were detected in LE with ferulic acid being the major compound (5128.5 ± 4.09 μg Phenols/g) while LM had only 6 phenolics. GCMS analysis showed the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in LE. Conclusions:: Our findings suggest that L. cylindrica leaves, especially when collected from semi-arid regions, are promising for formulating nutraceuticals of interest.

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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