Mammals of the Saracá-Taquera National Forest, northwestern Pará, Brazil

Abstract: The Amazonian rainforest harbors one of the most diverse mammal faunas found anywhere in the world, although this fauna is still poorly known. Inventories are essential for the understanding of the biology and ecology of species, and provide basic data for conservation. Over 15 years of sampling in the Saracá-Taquera National Forest, we recorded 72 species of small (nonvolant), medium, and large mammals belonging to 30 families in 10 orders. These taxa included 29 species endemic to the Amazon biome, and 14 classified as threatened with extinction. Overall, the mammalian species richness recorded in the present study was equal to or greater than that recorded in other Amazonian studies, reflecting high levels of diversity on a biogeographic scale. This reinforces the importance of this national forest for the maintenance of the region's mammalian fauna. Some of the species were recorded in the region for the first time, thus extending their known geographic distribution.

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Review of Ammatucha Turner with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1131.1.4 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1131 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

YINGDANG REN ◽

HOUHUN LI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Generic Diagnosis ◽

The World ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

Three New Species ◽

First Time

Ammatucha Turner is recorded for the first time from China, with three species described as new: A. longilepigera Ren & Li, sp. nov., A. brevilepigera Ren & Li, sp. nov., and A. flavipalpa Ren & Li, sp. nov. The female of the genus is reported for the first time, and the generic diagnosis is amended accordingly. Ammatucha is compared to the superficially similar Ceroprepes Zeller. A map of the geographic distribution of Ammatucha for the world is presented, and a key for the identification of all described species based on male genitalia is included.

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Species richness and biogeographical affinities of the marine molluscs from Bahía de Chamela, Mexico

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.8.e59191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Ríos-Jara ◽

Cristian Galván-Villa ◽

María del Carmen Esqueda-González ◽

Manuel Ayón-Parente ◽

Fabián Rodríguez Zaragoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽

New Records ◽

Oceanic Islands ◽

Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽

Western Atlantic ◽

Mexican Pacific ◽

Range Distribution ◽

First Time

For more than 10 years (2007-2018), the benthic macroinvertebrates of Bahía de Chamela (Mexican Pacific) were sampled at 31 sites (0-25 m depth). A total of 308 species of the five main classes of benthic molluscs were obtained (106 bivalves, 185 gastropods, 13 polyplacophorans, two scaphopods and two cephalopods). This is a significant increase in the number of species (246 new records) compared to the 62 species previously recorded more than 10 years ago. The distribution in the 31 localities of the bay is given for the first time for most of the species, together with information on its ecological rarity (incidence in the samples). Two families of bivalves (Veneridae and Mytilidae) and three families of gastropods (Calyptraeidae, Muricidae and Collumbellidae) comprised ~ 30% of all species. Ecological rarity was evident with 45 families (45.0%) with only one species and 178 species (57.8%) collected in one site and 67 (21.8%) in two sites. The molluscs of Bahía de Chamela represent 12.2% of all species recorded in the Mexican Pacific. Their biogeographic affinities are mostly related to the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) including the oceanic islands and a few are restricted to the Tropical Mexican Pacific (TMP). Some have broader distributions to adjacent northern and southern temperate regions of the American Pacific, one to the western Atlantic, two pantropical (PAN) and two cosmopolitans (COS). The range distribution of each species was reviewed and updated, thus finding that seven species have extended their ranges of geographic distribution.

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The genus Eunotia Ehrenb. (Bacillariophyta) in the Cheremsky Nature Reserve, Ukrainian Polissya, and refined terminology relevant to the raphe system morphology

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.128.35566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Lyudmila N. Bukhtiyarova

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Diatom Frustule ◽

New Findings ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Freshwater Habitats ◽

High Species Richness ◽

First Time

Numerous species of Eunotia Ehrenb., widely distributed in the world flora, prefer acidic, dystrophic or oligotrophic freshwater habitats with low conductivity and usually occur in epiphytic or epilithic hydrotopes. In Ukraine, only 32 species and eight varieties of Eunotia were known until this study. For the first time, 9 more species have been recorded mainly from the Cheremsky Nature Reserve, located in Ukrainian Polissya. New findings include 2 species widely distributed in the world flora on most continents and 7 rare species known from several locations, among them E.genuflexa, E.jarensis and E.ruzickae, which are probably European endemics as they have not been reported from other continents. For the present time in the Cheremsky Nature Reserve, the 20 species recorded here, the highest species richness of Eunotia in Ukraine, bring the total number of Eunotia in Ukraine to 41 species, which comprises only 7% of Eunotia species in the world flora. This is indirect evidence of insufficient investigation of the wetlands in Ukraine where Eunotia usually is represented with high species richness. Several definitions are suggested to describe morphological features that are peculiar to the diatom frustule particular to the Eunotia species. The genus Eunotia possesses a mirror-symmetric, mantle-offset, brevisslit raphe system, which may or may not have terminal raphe fissures. Morphological analysis provided in this study revealed the absence of terminal raphe fissures for many species of Eunotia. Instead, the distal ends of the raphe slits finish on the outer valve surface by funnel holes, sometimes pore-like ones, connected with the helictoglossae. However, in the literature those distal ends of the raphe slits were described erroneously as terminal raphe fissures. For the first time different types of raphe system are grounded. Two species Eunotiaimplicata Nörpel-Schempp et al. in Alles et al. and Eunotiaincisa W. Smith ex Gregory were lectotypified.

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Diversification of mammals from the Miocene of Spain

Paleobiology ◽

10.1666/13043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 197-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Soledad Domingo ◽

Catherine Badgley ◽

Beatriz Azanza ◽

Daniel DeMiguel ◽

M. Teresa Alberdi

Keyword(s):

Size Structure ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Large Mammals ◽

Ecological Structure ◽

Faunal Change ◽

Extinction Rates ◽

Contrast Analysis ◽

Mammalian Fossil ◽

Mammal Faunas ◽

First Time

The mammalian fossil record of Spain is long and taxonomically well resolved, offering the most complete record of faunal change for the Neogene of Europe. We evaluated changes in diversification, composition, trophic structure, and size structure of large mammals over the middle and late Miocene with methods applied to this record for the first time, including ordination of fossil localities to improve temporal resolution and estimation of confidence intervals on taxa temporal ranges. By contrast, analysis within the traditional Mammal Neogene (MN) biochronology obscures important aspects of diversification. We used inferred temporal ranges of species and evaluated per capita rates of origination, extinction, diversification, and turnover over 0.5-Myr time intervals.Three periods of significant faunal change occurred between 12.0 and 5.5 Ma: (1) From 12.0 to 10.5 Ma, elevated origination rates led to an increase in diversity without significant change in ecological structure. Immigrants and geographic-range shifts of species to lower latitudes during an interval of global cooling contributed to these faunal changes. (2) From 9.5 to 7.5 Ma, high extinction rates followed by high origination rates coincided with significant changes in taxonomic composition and ecological structure. These changes represent the Vallesian Crisis, with replacement of a fauna of forest affinities (with frugivores and browsers) by a fauna of open woodlands (with grazers and mixed feeders). (3) From 6.5 to 5.5 Ma, high extinction rates reduced diversity without substantial changes in ecological structure, and large mammal faunas became highly endemic across the northern Mediterranean region. This interval includes the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the desiccation of the Mediterranean basin. Extinction may have been caused by geographic isolation and aridification, with evolution of endemic lineages giving rise to new species in the early Pliocene. These distinct macroevolutionary patterns of faunal change correspond to different geographic scales of inferred climatic and tectonic drivers.

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Geographic distribution of Miridae in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1123.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1123 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PAULO S.F. FERREIRA ◽

EVALDO M. PIRES ◽

ALEXANDRE S. DE PAULA ◽

L. A. COELHO

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The State ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

First Time

We present for the first time the geographic distribution of mirids in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, taking into account the vegetation areas, climate features, and species richness. All the information about species distribution in Minas Gerais was obtained using references on Neotropical Miridae and data labels of specimens deposited in National collections. Minas Gerais represents the largest diversity of mirids in Brazil, 311 species. The mirids were collected in 42 counties in Minas Gerais. They are present in all the 4 major biomes of the State. The Atlantic Forest has the greatest richness, with 214 species, followed by Cerrado with 128 species. We suggest that the diversity of Minas Gerais mirids began in the Atlantic Forest. Fisher's PLSD test among mirid subfamilies at different elevations, temperatures, and precipitations showed a significant effect of elevation only.

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Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5087 (2) ◽

pp. 201-252

Author(s):

ANDRÉ BISPO ◽

PHILIPPE WILLENZ ◽

EDUARDO HAJDU

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Species ◽

Geographic Range ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Southeastern Pacific ◽

Peruvian Coast ◽

The World ◽

Great Species ◽

First Time ◽

Great Species Richness

The Peruvian coast is certainly one of the poorest studied areas in the world for marine sponges biodiversity, with only 20 species registered so far from over 2,400 km coastline. In spite of its great species richness worldwide, there is not a single record of Haplosclerida in Peru. Accordingly, in this study we aimed to describe the species belonging to this order present in the relatively recent collections undertaken along the Peruvian coast by two of us (PhW, EH). Here, we describe fourteen new species, provisionally endemic to the Peruvian coast. This finding represents a major addition to the knowledge of the biodiversity of sponges along the Peruvian coast, increasing the list of species known to occur in this area by about 68%. This is also the largest single proposal of new Haplosclerida in over 37 years of sponge taxonomy worldwide. Niphates is for the first time recorded in the Southeastern Pacific, and an identification key to the Haplosclerida from the Peruvian coast is provided. Regarding the distribution of the described species, most of them—except for Chalinula chelysa sp. nov.—have a narrow geographic range, which might indicate their rarity or that the haplosclerid fauna in Peru is still poorly known.

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Revisión Taxonómica de las Especies de Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) en Chile

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2019345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 230-243

Author(s):

Carolina Guerreiro ◽

Andrea S. Vega

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Species Complex ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Southern South America ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

The World ◽

Woody Bamboos ◽

First Time

Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) is the most diverse genus of woody bamboos in the world. In southern South America, several species of Chusquea are the dominant components of the understory and all of them are endemic to the region. The taxonomic position of some of those species has raised much controversy. In this work, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Chusquea species native to Chile is presented, including synonyms, descriptions, iconography, geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, common names, and a key for the identification of the 13 taxa considered here (12 species and one form) based on vegetative and reproductive morphological characters. Chusquea andina Phil. and C. gigantea Demoly are included for the first time in a taxonomic treatment, establishing their differences with related entities and, thus, resolving the C. culeou E. Desv. species complex. Also, a complete illustration of C. fernandeziana Phil. is presented for the first time.

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Species richness, geographical affinities, and activity patterns of mammals in premontane Andean forests of the Magdalena river basin of Colombia

10.1101/2020.07.26.221994 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diego A. Torres ◽

Abel Eduardo Rojas

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Mammalian Fauna ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Additional Information ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Magdalena River

AbstractThe Magdalena river basin is home to more than half of Colombia’s human population, and consequently the basin also harbors their economic activities. These activities have generated high deforestation rates and negative pressures on natural resources. With such a scenario of forest loss it is imperative to assess the state of the biodiversity and its conservation. Here, during six years we assessed the mammalian species richness and abundance in premontane forests of Caldas department in the Magdalena river basin. We also presented additional information on the activity patterns and geographical affinities of this fauna. We recorded 100 species of mammals with the Chiroptera as the richest order, followed by Rodentia. Most of the species are common and are not under risk of extinction; however, it is important to highlight the presence of six endemic species, three vulnerable species and one endangered species (white-footed tamarin). The mammalian fauna of this region is similar to other lowland localities in the Neotropics, and less similar to highland localities, including the nearby ones. Specifically, this fauna is most similar to lowland Tolima, and the Caribbean region of Colombia, Venezuela and Costa Rica; however, when we accounted only for bat fauna, it was more similar to the Caribbean and Pacific regions of Colombia. To secure the long-term persistence of these species we recommend maintenance of the current corridors such as riparian forests and living fences and an increase in the forested area.

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Flavonoids from the bark of Garcinia lanessanii Pierre

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v5i2.981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. first

Author(s):

Ly Thi Thao Nguyen ◽

Thai Le Tran ◽

Dung Ngoc Bui ◽

Thai Quoc Bui ◽

Le-Thu Thi Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

2D Nmr ◽

Biological Study ◽

National Forest ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

The World ◽

2D Nmr Spectra ◽

Chemical Knowledge ◽

First Time ◽

Layer Chromatography

Garcinia lanessanii Pierre belongs to the genus Garcinia of the Guttiferae (Clusiaceae) family. In Cambodia, people use this species to cure sore throat and tooth decay. However, chemical and biological study of this species has been not reported in the world until now. To contribute to chemical knowledge of the genus Garcinia in Viet Nam, we chemically investigated the species Garcinia lanessanii Pierre. The bark of this plant collected in the National Forest Lo Go – Xa Mat, Tan Bien ward, Tay Ninh province was dried, ground into powder and extracted in turn with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents by using a Sohxlet system. Four flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl extract of G. lanessanii Pierre using column and thin layer chromatography on silica gel, RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20 with different solvents. Based on the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as comparison with literature, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as a flavanone, naringenin (1); two biflavonoids, volkensiflavone (2) and GB-2 (3), together with a biflavonoid glycoside, volkensiflavone-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (4). These compounds were isolated from G. lanessanii Pierre for the first time.

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Analysis of the size and composition of the southern African flora

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v15i3/4.1831 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 15 (3/4) ◽

pp. 613-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

G. E. Gibbs Russell

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Species Level ◽

African Flora ◽

The World ◽

Infraspecific Taxa ◽

African Plants ◽

First Time

The southern African flora has been surveyed for the first time at species level in the List of Species of Southern African Plants (Gibbs Russell e tal., 1984). The numbers of taxa recorded for southern Africa are compared to the numbers reported from other parts of Africa, and the largest families in each area are listed and compared The species richness of southern Africa is compared to that of other parts of the world. The numbers of genera, species and infraspecific taxa are given for each familv in the souihern African flora, and compared to previous counts bv Dyer (1975. 1976) and Goldblatt (I97H).

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