scholarly journals Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo C. Brito Junior ◽  
Karoline L. Soares ◽  
Yanca G.S. Soares ◽  
Flaviane N.L. Oliveira ◽  
Renato V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% concentration in goats. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the municipality of Prata, Paraíba state. Nitroxinil was administered to a herd of 120 goats, of which 18 presented with anorexia, vocalization, abdominal distension, weakness, staggering, and falls. Necropsy of three goats revealed that the main lesion was acute liver injury. Histologically the liver showed centrilobular necrosis associated with hemorrhage and hepatocyte degeneration. In the kidneys, tubular nephrosis with granular cylinder formations was observed. The lungs showed multifocal to coalescent areas of moderate interalveolar edema and vascular congestion. Experimental poisoning was carried out in two goats, with the same medication and doses administered on the farm. The experimental goats showed clinical signs and macroscopic and histological changes similar to the spontaneously poisoned goats. The diagnosis of nitroxinil poisoning was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and confirmed by experimental poisoning. The administration of nitroxinil in high doses, associated with high ambient temperature and physical exercises, can cause poisoning with high lethality in goats.

scholarly journals Platycodon grandiflorus Fermented Extracts Attenuate Endotoxin-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2802
Author(s):  
So Ra Kim ◽  
Eun Jung Park ◽  
Theodomir Dusabimana ◽  
Jihyun Je ◽  
Kyuho Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Endotoxin-induced acute liver injury is mediated by an excessive inflammatory response, hepatocellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Traditional medicinal plants have been used to treat various disorders. Platycodon grandifloras (PG) has been shown to be beneficial in relieving cough and asthma and to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities. The pharmacological action of PG is mainly due to saponins, flavonoids, phenolic, and other compounds. However, raw PG exhibits some side effects at high doses. Here, we extracted raw PG with varying fermentation methods and examined its anti-inflammatory effect and associated signaling kinases in Raw264.7 cells. Then, we investigated the effect of fermented black PG (FBPG) on endotoxin-induced liver injury. Mice were administered FBPG orally at 1 h before the lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN) injection and sacrificed after 5 h. Black PG (BPG) and FBPG showed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular nitric oxide (NO); p-38 and ERK signaling was involved in reducing inducible NO synthase in Raw264.7 cells. Consistently, FBPG attenuates LPS/GalN-induced liver injury; plasma ALT and AST, hepatic necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation were all reduced. In conclusion, PG extracts, particularly FBPG, play anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles, alleviating endotoxin-induced acute liver injury. Processing raw PG into FBPG extract may be clinically useful by improving the pharmacologically active ingredients and reducing the required dosage.

Involvement of endogenous CRF in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. R1782-R1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Masashi Yoneda ◽  
Kimihide Nakamura ◽  
Isao Makino ◽  
Akira Terano
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
The Brain

Central neuropeptides play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological regulation mediated through the autonomic nervous system. In regard to the hepatobiliary system, several neuropeptides act in the brain to regulate bile secretion, hepatic blood flow, and hepatic proliferation. Central injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) aggravates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury through the sympathetic nervous pathway in rats. However, still nothing is known about a role of endogenous neuropeptides in the brain in hepatic pathophysiological regulations. Involvement of endogenous CRF in the brain in CCl4-induced acute liver injury was investigated by centrally injecting a CRF receptor antagonist in rats. Male fasted Wistar rats were injected with CRF receptor antagonist α-helical CRF-(9–41) (0.125–5 μg) intracisternally just before and 6 h after CCl4 (2 ml/kg) administration, and blood samples were obtained before and 24 h after CCl4 injection for measurement of hepatic enzymes. The liver sample was removed 24 h after CCl4 injection, and histological changes were examined. Intracisternal α-helical CRF-(9–41) dose dependently (0.25–2 μg) reduced the elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels induced by CCl4. Intracisternal α-helical CRF-(9–41) reduced CCl4-induced liver histological changes, such as centrilobular necrosis. The effect of central CRF receptor antagonist on CCl4-induced liver injury was abolished by sympathectomy and 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment but not by hepatic branch vagotomy or atropine pretreatment. These findings suggest the regulatory role of endogenous CRF in the brain in experimental liver injury in rats.

Aloe-Emodin Quinone Pretreatment Reduces Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Arosio ◽  
Nicoletta Gagliano ◽  
Lorena Maria Pia Fusaro ◽  
Luciano Parmeggiani ◽  
Jacopo Tagliabue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Aloe Emodin

Explore the mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch. for hepatoprotective effects with iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Yun ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Wendou Xiong ◽  
Xianglan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Background and Objective : A Tibetan traditional herb named Swertia mussotii Franch., also called “Zangyinchen” by the local people of Qinghai-Tibet area, has been used to protect the liver from injury for many years. However, the curative effect and molecular mechanism of the herb have not been demonstrated clearly. Materials and Methods: In our study, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels were examined after S. mussotii Franch. treatment in the acute liver injury of the carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model. Then, Proteome Analysis was applied to explore the potential mechanism of SMT for hepatoprotective effects after iTRAQLC-MS/MS analysis (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer with tandem mass spectrometry). Results: Serum results showed, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels of rats with acute liver injury were all improved with SMT treatment. Moreover, Proteome Analysis suggested that, with S. Mussotii Franch. treatment, the levels of lipid catabolic process and lipid homeostasis were all enhanced. And the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis illustrated that these proteins assembled in PPI networks were found almost significantly enriched in response to lipid, negative regulation of lipase activity, response to lipopolysaccharide etc. Furthermore, the downregulated MRP14 and MRP8 proteins were found involved in the lipid metabolism, which may indicate the mechanism of SMT protection liver from ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: SMT herb could play a role in hepatoprotection and alleviate the effect of acute liver injury by impacting the lipid metabolism associated biological process.

Mass Spectrometry-based Label-free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of CCl4-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice Intervened by Total Glycosides from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Xing ◽  
Nian-Yun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins

Background: CCl4 acute liver injury (ALI) is a classical model for experimental research. However, there are few reports involved in the fundamental research of CCl4-induced ALI Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) are and its prescription have been used to treat hepatitis illness clinically. LLF and its active ingredients displayed anti-hepatitis effects, but the mechanism of function has not been fully clarified Objective: To investigate the proteomic analysis of CCl4-induced ALI, and examine the effects of active total glycosides (TG) from LLF on ALI of mice4, including histopathological survey and proteomic changes of liver tissues, and delineate the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: CCl4 was used to produce ALI mice model. The model mice were intragastrically administrated with TG and the liver his-topathological changes of mice were examined. At the end of test, mice liver samples were collected, after protein denaturation, re-duction, desalination and enzymatic hydrolysis, identification was carried out by nano LC-ESI-OrbiTrap MS/MS technology. The data was processed by Maxquant software. The differentially-expressed proteins were screened and identified, and their biological information was also analyzed based on GO and KEGG analysis. Key protein expression was validated by Western blot analysis Results: A total of 705 differentially-expressed proteins were identified during the normal, model and administration group. 9 signifi-cant differential proteins were focused based on analysis. Liver protein expression changes of CCl4-induced ALI mice were mainly involved in several important signal channels, namely FoxO signaling pathway, autophagy-animal, insulin signaling pathway. TG has anti-liver damnification effect in ALI mice, the mechanism of which is related to FoxO1 and autophagy pathways Conclusion: CCl4 inhibited expression of insulin-Like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (Pdpk1) in liver cells and induced insulin resistance, thus interfered with mitochondrial autophagy and regeneration of liver cells and the metabolism of glucose and lipid, and caused hepatic necrosis in mice. TG resisted liver injury in mice. TG adjusted the expression level of key proteins Igf1 and Pdpk1 after liver injury and improved insulin resistance, thus promoted autophagy and resisted the liver damage

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