scholarly journals Crop rotation and tillage system on the Italian ryegrass seed bank after long-term field management

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Guareschi ◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Mario Antonio Bianchi ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Sergio Luiz de Oliveira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Term Field

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals The influence of fertilisation and crop rotation on soil microbial characteristics in the long-term field experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mikanová ◽  
M. Friedlová ◽  
T. Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Rotation Field ◽  
Term Field

Soils were sampled from the plots with four variants of fertilisation: Nil – without fertilisation, NPK – mineral fertilisation, FYM – farmyard manure, FYM + NPK – farmyard manure with mineral fertilisation, and two variants of crop rotation: field IV – classical 9-year crop rotation, field B – 2-year rotation of alternative growing. Determination of urease, CFU of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and potential nitrogenase activity was conducted during the period 1999–2004. The urease activity was positively affected by manure fertilisation (FYM) and by the combination of FYM + NPK. The statistically significantly highest counts of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and the highest nitrogenase activity were determined on field B in variants FYM and FYM + NPK. The results show that there was a higher amount of accessible nitrogen present on field IV than on field B. This might explain the lower counts of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and therefore the lower nitrogenase activity. According to our results, activity of urease, CFU of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and potential nitrogenase activity are very closely connected with N inputs.

Influence of organic manures on carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops grown in a long-term field experiment in Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kjellenberg ◽  
Eva Johansson ◽  
Karl-Erik Gustavsson ◽  
Artur Granstedt ◽  
Marie E. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Fresh Manure ◽  
Term Field

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of organic agriculture manuring systems on carrot (Daucus carota) root morphology and sugar and polyacetylene content. Carrots were harvested three times per season 2006–2007 in a long-term field experiment at Skilleby research farm, Sweden. The effects of pelleted chicken manure, fresh farmyard manure and composted farmyard manure (COM) were compared against control plots left unmanured since the field experiment started in 1991. The carrots were analyzed for root size, root shape, amount of soluble sugars and amount of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes. Differences between manuring systems were found to be smaller than the variation between harvest years and harvest occasions, probably due to the grass-clover ley included in the crop rotation system. On an average for the six harvests, manuring with COM increased root length by 6% compared with fertilizing with pelleted chicken manure. Carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure also had 6–7% lower total soluble sugar content than carrots manured with 50 t ha−1 of composted or fresh manure. The falcarinol to total falcarinol-type polyacetylenes ratio was 15.4% in carrots manured with 50 t ha−1 of composted or fresh manure and 14.7% in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. Seasonal fluctuations in falcarinol-type polyacetylenes were more pronounced in carrots manured with fresh or composted manure than in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. The results suggest that manuring organic carrots with compost may be the most beneficial strategy, at least in systems where fertilizer is applied only once per crop rotation, whether directly to the carrot crop or in the preceding crop.

Spectroscopic behaviour of 14C-labeled humic acids in a long-term field experiment with three cropping systems

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tatzber ◽  
Michael Stemmer ◽  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
Christian Katzlberger ◽  
Franz Zehetner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Term Field

The stabilisation of 14C-labelled farmyard manure was investigated under different cropping systems (crop rotation, monoculture, and bare fallow) in a long-term field experiment established in 1967. Solid-state 13C-NMR of bulk soils yielded a gradient of increasing aromatic properties in the order: straw manure–crop rotation < straw manure–monoculture < straw and farmyard manure–bare fallow. The opposite trend was observed for O-alkyl groups. The farmyard manure–bare fallow treatment was used to investigate changes of humic acids (HAs) with time. The FT-IR bands of aromatics, carbonyl groups, and a band of methyls and benzene rings increased over the 36 years of the experiment, whereas 2 amide bands and a band of sulfone and/or ester groups decreased. Fluorescence spectroscopy verified the increase in aromatic properties with age. Consequently, during soil organic matter stabilisation, HAs showed increasing properties of carbonyl and aromatic groups, whereas amidic groups decreased. The dynamic character of HAs, as shown by 14C, was also reflected by distinct spectroscopic changes over the period of investigation.

Impact of diverse tillage on soil moisture dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sławiński ◽  
J. Cymerman ◽  
B. Witkowska-Walczak ◽  
K. Lamorski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Term Field

Impact of diverse tillage on soil moisture dynamicsThe influences of traditional and reduced tillage on the water content dynamics of two soils were investigated in a long-term field experiment under nearly the same meteorological conditions for a winter wheat monoculture during three years. In addition to the moisture changes, the basic physicochemical properties, water retention, differential porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the investigated soils were measured. The results have shown the dependence between moisture and the tillage system applied for both types of soil. The soil water content was higher under reduced tillage in comparison to traditional management.

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