scholarly journals Substrates and controlled-release fertilizations on the quality of eucalyptus cuttings

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richardson B. G. da Silva ◽  
Magali R. da Silva ◽  
Danilo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Coconut Fibre ◽  
Proper Values

To produce cuttings with quality, the most appropriate nutritional management strategies should be sought to reduce wastage of fertilizer, while accounting for the characteristics of each substrate. This study evaluated the effect of substrates and doses of controlled-release fertilizer on the quality of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake cuttings. The substrates consisted of several mixtures: vermiculite+carbonized rice chaff+coconut fibre (1:1:1); vermiculite+coconut fibre (1:1); and vermiculite+carbonized rice chaff (1:1). These mixtures were added to 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg of controlled-release fertilizer per cubic meter of substrate. The substrates that do not support root development and have lower water retention, independently of the dose of controlled-release fertilizer, reduce the quality of the root system. For substrates with proper values of water retention, such as vermiculite+coconut fibre (1:1) and vermiculite+carbonised rice chaff+coconut fibre (1:1:1), the utilization of dose 2 kg of controlled-release fertilizer to each cubic meter is enough to promote cuttings with greater quality of the root systems and proper heights and stem diameters.

scholarly journals Dynamics of initial spacing on the diameter of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla in a systematic design

2021 ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Mirella Basileu de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Mauro Eloi Nappo ◽  
Kálita Luis Soares ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Eder Pereira Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

We evaluated the effect of initial spacing on the distribution of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla tree diameters in a Nelder wheel design. The study area was in west-central Brazil. A Nelder wheel design with three repetitions was used. This design provides 432 planting spots per plot/repetition. Planting density varied from 0.50 m² to 41.25 m². The diameter at breast height was measured for all plants every four months until 36 months of age, totaling eight measurements. The description of the diameter distribution was developed by fitting probability density functions for each spacing and age. The quality of fit was evaluated using the root mean square error percentage, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (α < 0.05). The spacings up to 1.17 m² must be harvested in less than two years, since it is noted that in the third year the increment in diameter is static and the mortality rate increases. The spacing highly affects the diameter structure of the population, impelling the forester to consider different uses for the wood. For wood requiring larger diameters, spacing above 8.69 m² per tree is recommended

scholarly journals Rooting Softwood Cuttings of Leyland Cypress Outdoors Under Shade

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Scott A. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Substrate Fertility

Abstract Stem cuttings of Leyland cypress [x Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks], were rooted to determine the effect of A) date of collection, rooting substrate, and mist frequency, B) auxin formulation and concentration, C) rooting substrate, D) substrate fertility, and E) type of cutting and auxin concentration. Results were best for misting intervals of 5 to 7 min during the day, but 10 min was also adequate. Rooting was comparable for softwood cuttings collected in late May or late June. Powder and liquid auxin formulations, which both contained indolebutyric acid (IBA), yielded similar results. Cuttings that were more lignified (light tan color) at the bases benefited the most from higher concentrations [≈ 8000 ppm (0.8%)] of IBA in talc, whereas less mature cuttings (green at the bases) rooted in highest percentages with lower concentrations [≈ 3000 ppm (0.3%)]. Rooting was similar in substrates with a peat:perlite ratio (v/v) of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4, whereas results were less satisfactory in 100% perlite. Controlled release fertilizer [1.8 kg/m3 (4 lb/yd3)] in the rooting substrate did not affect rooting percent, but greatly increased root mass and quality of rooted cuttings. Doubling the rate resulted in little additional improvement. Rooting was comparable for vigorous side shoots (1st-order laterals) and tips from vigorous upright branches (primary axes) of similar maturity.

scholarly journals Use of Species-specific Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates to Manage Growth and Quality of Container Nursery Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates or ranges for the production of five 2-gal nursery crops. Plants were evaluated following fertilization with 19N–2.6P–10.8K plus minors, 8–9 month CRF incorporated at 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35, and 1.65 kg·m−3 nitrogen (N). The five crops tested were bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus ×), ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells (Heuchera micrantha), and rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). Most plant growth characteristics (i.e., growth index, plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight) were greater in high vs. low CRF treatments at the final harvest. Low CRF rates negatively impacted overall appearance and marketability. The species-specific CRF range recommendations were 1.05 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for rose of sharon, 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N for ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea, and 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for bigleaf hydrangea and ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood, whereas the recommended CRF rate for ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells was 0.75 kg·m−3 N. Overall, species-specific CRF application rates can be used to manage growth and quality of containerized nursery crops during production in a temperate climate.

scholarly journals INPUTS OPTIMIZATION IN THE SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Corymbia citriodora E Eucalyptus dunnii

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Claudia Costella ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Álavro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽  
Marllos Santos de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus dunnii are species of relevant importance due to the quality of the wood and growth potential in Southern Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to identify containers and doses of controlled-release fertilizer capable of enhancing the morphophysiological quality and growth of these species in the nursery, aiming for the proper management of these inputs. The seedlings were produced in two volumes of containers (50 e 110 cm³), filled with Sphagnum peat-based substrate, mixed with different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) NPK 15-09-12 (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 g L-1 of substrates). In addition, the morphological (height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot, root, and total) and physiological (chlorophyll a and b index and quantum yield of the photosystem II) attributes were evaluated. The morphological attributes proved to be suitable indicators of the quality of C. citriodora and E. dunnii seedlings, allowing to recommend the container of 50 cm³ and the doses of 9.0 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer for both species. At the same time, the physiological variables evaluated were not responsive to the effect of the treatments.

Host preference, population dynamics, distribution, and injuries of Oligonychus punicae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in an eucalyptus clonal minigarden

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1649-1660
Author(s):  
José Cláudio Barros Ferraz ◽  
Silvestre Moreira Da Silva ◽  
Solange Maria De França ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ◽  
José Wagner Da Silva Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Preference ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Aggregate Distribution ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytosanitary Products

Oligonychus punicae has potential for development in several species of eucalyptus. In this study was evaluated the preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae in different eucalyptus species. Additionally, we evaluated its dynamics and population distribution, as well as injuries in strains of Eucalyptus urophylla in a clonal minigarden. The preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae was evaluated using a test with and without choice in six species of Eucalyptus. We also analyzed the dynamics, population distribution and injury levels by O. punicae on E. urophylla in a clonal minigarden. We collected samples for 24 months and counted the number of eggs, immature and adult individuals. We calculated the Morisita dispersion index. We estimated injuries on leaves of E. urophylla using visual notes. In the test with choice, Eucalyptus urophylla was the preferred host of O. punicae for permanence and oviposition. In the test without choice, the oviposition of O. punicae in eucalyptus species did not differ statistically until 24 hours of evaluation. However, there was a significant difference after 48 hours, with greater oviposition on Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus grandis. In the population survey, we collected 3,293 mites. The population peak of O. punicae occurred in March and April 2018 and April 2019. Oligonychus punicae presented an aggregate distribution and caused injuries of 20% on average in leaves. These results are important to guide management strategies in specific infestation foci and optimizing the use of phytosanitary products.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos. seedlings as a function of controlled release fertilizer doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrielly Costa Souza ◽  
Marcos André Piedade Gama ◽  
Dênmora Gomes Araújo ◽  
Gabriel Pinheiro Silva ◽  
Jéssy Anni Vilhena Senado
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer

scholarly journals Production and Postproduction Performance of Two New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars Grown with Controlled-release Fertilizer and No Leaching

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
Ursula K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the minimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate and the lowest constant medium moisture required to produce the highest quality plants and 2) if this production system affected quality of these plants under two postproduction light levels. Two New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) `Illusion' and `Blazon' (Lasting Impressions Series) differing in salt tolerance were grown for 42 days with a CRF at three rates (3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot) and two medium moisture levels (low or high) without leaching. The high moisture level (tension setpoints of 1 to 3 kPa) and 6.6 g of CRF/pot produced optimum biomass. Low medium moisture (tension setpoints of 4 to 6 kPa) reduced leaf area, leaf number, leaf N content, root, stem, and leaf dry masses as CRF rate increased from low to high for `Illusion'. Similar results in `Blazon' were observed as CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass decreased no further at the high rate of 9.9 g/pot. Biomass increased in both cultivars under high medium moisture when CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass of `Illusion' decreased at 9.9 g/pot, although no symptoms of salt sensitivity were observed (i.e., leaf tip burn). `Blazon' maintained a similar biomass when amended with 9.9 or 6.6 g CRF/pot, although electrical conductivity (EC) in the medium was 5.9 dS·m-1 in the upper half and 4.1 dS·m-1 in the lower half of the medium at the end of production. Growth of `Illusion' responded more favorably to postproduction light levels that were similar to those of production regardless of treatment imposed during production. Similar biomass responses occurred for `Blazon' regardless of the postproduction light level.

scholarly journals Uso de lodo de esgoto na produção de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Thomaz Figueiredo Lobo ◽  
Fernando Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Composted Sludge

Sewage sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment facilities and in most cases, it is not properly managed being deposited in landfills. This waste has all essential nutrients for the mineral nutrition of plants in addition to having high levels of organic matter which promotes greater water retention, improving the physical and biological soil attributes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate substrates of composted sewage sludge and commercial substrate with different mixtures in H13 clone seedlings (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) by evaluating biotic factors (plant height and diameter), dry matter production, seedling quality, mineral nutrition of plants, and chemical characteristics of the substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions composed of 352 seedlings per plot. The treatments were: T1 - 100% composted sludge; T2 - 75% composted sludge and 25% commercial substrate; T3 - 50% composted sludge and 50% commercial substrate; T4 - 25% composted sludge and 75% commercial substrate; T5 - 100% commercial substrate. Plants with a greater amount of sewage sludge in the substrate performed better in all evaluated parameters.

scholarly journals Nutritional Studies of Christmas Bell

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1402
Author(s):  
G.P. Lamont ◽  
G.C. Cresswell ◽  
G.J. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Blandfordia Grandiflora

Eighteen-month-old seedlings of Christmas Bell (Blandfordia grandiflora Sm.) in 800-ml containers were top dressed with 8- to 9-month Osmocote controlled-release fertilizer 18N-2.6P-10K at 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 kg·m-3. Other plants were fertilized once or twice weekly with a complete liquid fertilizer supplying 100 mg N/liter based on an N : K ratio of either 1:0.6 or 1:1.5. The former ratio was the same as the Osmocote while the latter was the N : K ratio in tops of healthy wild-growing plants of B. grandiflora. The highest fresh weights occurred at the Osmocote rate of 5 kg·m-3 and with the once-weekly liquid feed of 1 N : 1.5 K ratio. Plants fertilized with low rates of Osmocote were pale green but had extensive root systems that were white and predominantly fibrous. As the rate of Osmocote was increased, plants became greener and produced smaller root systems in which fleshy storage organs were predominant over fibrous roots.

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