Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mammals, birds and reptiles at the zoological-botanical park in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 51 wild animals at the Arruda Câmara Zoological-Botanical Park in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Blood samples from different bird, mammal and reptile species were analyzed using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) with a cut-off point of 1:25. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 62.4% of the 51 tested animals. The following frequencies were found: 68.9% (20/29) in mammals, 80% (8/10) in birds, and 33.3% (4/12) in reptiles. This paper reports for the first time the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in birds of the species Pionites leucogaster (caíque), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (hyacinth macaw), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Urubitinga urubitinga (Brazilian eagle), and Buteo melanoleucus (black-and-white hawk-eagle). Reptiles of the species Caiman crocodilus (spectacled caiman), Chelonoidis carbonaria (red-footed tortoise) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier’s dwarf caiman) were seropositive for T. gondii, although the significance of the presence of these anti-T. gondii antibodies in this group of animals requires a more in-depth study. We conclude that the frequency of antibodies found in the animals of this zoo is high and that the prophylactic measures that aim to diminish the environmental contamination by oocysts are necessary.

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Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging giant anteater

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thais Oliveira Morgado ◽

Francielle Cristina Kagueyama ◽

Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa ◽

Melissa Debesa Belizário ◽

Richard de Campos Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Zoonotic Infection ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Free Ranging ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which establishes acute and chronic infections in birds and mammals, including humans. This note reports, for the first time, the detection and sequencing of DNA from T. gondii in the peripheral blood of a young free range giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For the diagnosis, the following methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and positive serology (1:800) by means of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Since this species may be consumed by humans and predated by wild felids, its importance is emphasized as a probable source of zoonotic infection, in addition to its possible participation in the infection enzootic cycle. Although, parasitemia has been confirmed in this specimen, it presented no clinical sign of infection.

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The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, northwestern China

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 298-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jin-Lei Wang ◽

Dong-Hui Zhou ◽

Jia Chen ◽

Guang-Xue Liu ◽

Wen-Bing Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Northwestern China ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Modified Agglutination Test

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect warm-blooded animals and humans. The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China. A total of 637 blood samples were collected from seven regions in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2011 and assayed for T. gondiiantibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Risk factors (age, gender, and region) related to seroprevalence were determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 200 horses (31.4%, 95% CI 27.79–35.00) were seropositive for T. gondii. Age, gender, and region present no association with seroprevalence (p>0.05) in the logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that T. gondii is widely prevalent in horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China, representing a serious threat to animal and human health. Therefore, more careful measures should be performed to control and prevent T. gondii infection in horses from Xinjiang, northwestern China.

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SURVEI SEROLOGIS TOXOPLASMOSIS PADA TERNAK SAPI DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOXOPLASMA MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION TEST (To-MAT)

JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU ◽

10.23960/jipt.v7i3.p270-275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Galang B. ◽

Emantis R. ◽

Gina Dania P. ◽

Endah S.

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The cattle population in Lampung Province has a relatively high number when compared to several other provinces. Pringsewu is one of the districts in Lampung Province having the supplier potential of beef in Lampung. The higher the population and production, could cause a potential infection of toxoplasmosis to livestock and human. So far the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Pringsewu District. This study was conducted to determine the level of toxoplasmosis infection in cattle in Pringsewu district. This study used the To-MAT (Toxoplasma Modified Agglutination Test) method to test Toxoplasma gondii infection in blood of cows samples. The result of the study found that at a chronic level there were 23/24 cows positively infected with T.gondii. Whereas in acute level there are 8/24 cows positively infected with T. gondii. In general, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis is 95.8%. Keywords : Toxoplasmosis, Cow, To-MAT (Toxoplasma Modified Agglutination Test) method, Infection

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First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (09) ◽

pp. 831-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dima El Safadi ◽

Dany Abi Chahine ◽

Alissar Al Tarraf ◽

Omar Raii ◽

Karim Mesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic donkeys from Portugal

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120180091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Filipa Teixeira Rodrigues ◽

Catarina Pereira ◽

Jitender Prakash Dubey ◽

Miguel Nóvoa ◽

Miguel Quaresma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Direct Agglutination Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Leishmania Spp

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania infantum are zoonotic protozoal parasites. Serum samples were obtained from 186 donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) from Portugal and assessed for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). For titration of antibodies to Leishmania spp. the direct agglutination test was used (DAT). Eleven donkeys were seropositive for T. gondii with titres of 20 (n = 7), 80 (n = 2), 640 (n = 1) and ≥ 2560 (n = 1). One donkey was seropositive for Leishmania spp. (titre of 800). Donkeys in Portugal are exposed to and can be infected with T. gondii and Leishmania spp.

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Immunohistochemical identification of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues from Modified Agglutination Test positive sheep

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 191 (3-4) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.F. Silva ◽

F.C.R. Oliveira ◽

J.S. Leite ◽

M.F.V. Mello ◽

F.Z. Brandão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Immunohistochemical Identification

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Toxoplasma gondii survey in cats from two environments of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Modified Agglutination Test on sera and filter-paper

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-017-2017-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paula F. Bolais ◽

Philippe Vignoles ◽

Pamela F. Pereira ◽

Rafael Keim ◽

Abdelkrim Aroussi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

The City

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Validation of the Use of Dried Blood Samples for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Cats (Felis s. catus)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 864

Author(s):

Julie Simon ◽

Dominique Aubert ◽

Régine Geers ◽

Isabelle Villena ◽

Marie-Lazarine Poulle

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Kappa Coefficient ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Sample Type ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blotting Paper ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Dilution Level

If validated beforehand, the analysis of dried blood on blotting paper (BP samples) is very useful for monitoring free-ranging animals. We aimed to validate this method for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats. We used the modified agglutination test (MAT) in 199 sample pairs of sera and BP samples from 54, 39, 56, and 50 cats trapped during four periods in five dairy farms. Screening was at 1:6, 1:12, and 1:24 dilutions. The cut-off value was at MAT titre ≥ 24, but MAT titre ≥ 12 was also considered for BP samples that often have a higher dilution level. Depending on the period, sample type, and cut-off value, sensitivity of the analysis of the BP sample vs. serum varied from 87.1% to 100% and specificity ranged from 72.22% to 100%. The concordance values and Kappa coefficient showed a substantial to excellent agreement between the results of the two methods, whatever the cut-off value. These findings quantifiably validate the use of MAT on BP samples for the detection of antibodies to T. gondii in stray cats, but we recommend expressing results from BP samples with several cut-off values as the MAT titres tend to be lower than those of sera.

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