scholarly journals MODULATION OF CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Neoregelia mucugensis Leme (BROMELIACEAE)1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-771
Author(s):  
ANDRESSA PRISCILA PIANCÓ SANTOS LIMA ◽  
FERNANDA DE JESUS OLIVEIRA BASTOS ◽  
ALONE LIMABRITO ◽  
GILÊNIO BORGES FERNANDES ◽  
JOSÉ RANIERE FERREIRA DE SANTANA
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plant Collections

ABSTRACT Bromeliads are the target of predatory extractivism and consequently many species are included in the red list of threatened species, such as those belonging to the genus Neoregelia. Although Neoregelia mucugensis has not been evaluated for the degree of threat, its exploitation is exclusively extractive and its occurrence in Chapada Diamantina-BA is subject to the action of fires that affect the region annually. In this context, applying techniques aimed at protecting this genetic resource is fundamental for both the maintenance of its natural populations and the ex situ conservation of this genetic material. Plant tissue culture techniques have been successfully applied for the conservation of several bromeliad species. One of the methods used is slow growth, which consists in reducing plant metabolism and consequently decelerating its growth, which allows the maintenance of in vitro plant collections without the need for subculture. In this context, the objective of this study was to test the reduction of salts in the culture medium and the addition of osmoregulators on the induction of slow growth of N. mucugensis. Plants were subjected to treatments composed of different concentrations of MS medium and mannitol for a period of 12 months, when then analyses were conducted to evaluate growth, chlorophyll content and regeneration capacity of shoots in vitro. It was found that the treatment containing MS ½ and 7.8 g.L-1 of mannitol is indicated for in vitro conservation of N. mucugensis with maintenance of the regenerative capacity of its tissues.

scholarly journals STUDI ADAPTASI DAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN CENDANA (SANTALUM ALBUM L) PADA UMUR 11 TAHUN DI WATUSIPAT KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Yayan Hidayan ◽  
Yuliah Yuliah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Sandalwood (Santalum album L) is a high-value economic tree species that is increasingly threatened and rare in the its natural distribution area. Efforts to save these species through ex-situ conservation have been done by various parties. One of the conservation activities was carried out by BBP-BPTH in 2005 by collecting genetic material from several natural populations at NTT Province. The purpose of this study is to see the growth performance of Cendana plants from 4 provenance of the age of 11 years in Gunung Kidul Regency. Measurements were performed on the total height variable of the tree, the height of the bole length and the stem diameter. The result of data analysis shows that there is significantly different from the population tested for the variable height of tree and the diameter of the stem, while for the bole length is not. The best performance of growth are from the Rote provenance (height is 6.07 m and  diameter of stem is 5.08 cm). As for the best adaptation  ability is from Rote (92.19%).Key words : Adaptability, conservation, growth, sandalwood

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Woody Crops: The Avocado Case

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Chris O’Brien ◽  
Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage ◽  
Raquel Folgado ◽  
Alice Hayward ◽  
Sean Lahmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
In Vitro Storage ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Seed Crops

Recent development and implementation of crop cryopreservation protocols has increased the capacity to maintain recalcitrant seeded germplasm collections via cryopreserved in vitro material. To preserve the greatest possible plant genetic resources globally for future food security and breeding programs, it is essential to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation methods into a cohesive conservation plan. In vitro storage using tissue culture and cryopreservation techniques offers promising complementary tools that can be used to promote this approach. These techniques can be employed for crops difficult or impossible to maintain in seed banks for long-term conservation. This includes woody perennial plants, recalcitrant seed crops or crops with no seeds at all and vegetatively or clonally propagated crops where seeds are not true-to-type. Many of the world’s most important crops for food, nutrition and livelihoods, are vegetatively propagated or have recalcitrant seeds. This review will look at ex situ conservation, namely field repositories and in vitro storage for some of these economically important crops, focusing on conservation strategies for avocado. To date, cultivar-specific multiplication protocols have been established for maintaining multiple avocado cultivars in tissue culture. Cryopreservation of avocado somatic embryos and somatic embryogenesis have been successful. In addition, a shoot-tip cryopreservation protocol has been developed for cryo-storage and regeneration of true-to-type clonal avocado plants.

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e69341
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel González Pérez ◽  
Nereida Cabrera-García ◽  
Isabel Cayon-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Ex Situ

Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.

scholarly journals Propagation of Juniper Species by Plant Tissue Culture: A Mini-Review

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazubska-Przybył
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
Seed Propagation

The genus Juniperus (of the Cupressaceae family) is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. Juniper species are widely dispersed in the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe and Asia, and in Africa and Central America. Juniper species are resistant to dry climates and can adapt to difficult environmental conditions. Most juniper species are important in both ecological and economic terms. However, today, many forests in which junipers occur are being reduced in size due to both natural causes (fires, for example) and human activity (uncontrolled exploitation of forests, etc.). Also, climate changes may have adversely affected the range of populations of different juniper species. For this reason, some juniper species are now categorized as rare or endangered, and require immediate protective action. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for ex situ conservation, including reliable procedures for Juniperus sp. reproduction for future reintroduction and restoration programs. The conservation strategies used until now with traditional forestry techniques (seed propagation, rooted cuttings, grafting) have not been satisfactory in many cases. Thus, increasing attention is being paid to the possibilities offered by in vitro culture technology, which enables the conservation and mass clonal propagation of different coniferous tree species. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the use of various methods of the propagation of selected Juniperus species, with a particular emphasis on in vitro culture techniques.

scholarly journals Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Thaw Sperm Function in Red Wolves and Cheetahs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz ◽  
Jennifer Beth Nagashima ◽  
Michael James Noonan ◽  
Adrienne E. Crosier ◽  
Nucharin Songsasen
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Red Wolf ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm

Artificial insemination (AI) is a valuable tool for ex situ wildlife conservation, allowing the re-infusion and dissemination of genetic material, even after death of the donor. However, the application of AI to species conservation is still limited, due mainly to the poor survival of cryopreserved sperm. Recent work demonstrated that oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) improved cat sperm motility and reduced premature acrosomal exocytosis. Here, we build on these findings by describing the protein content of dog and cat oEVs and investigating whether the incubation of cryopreserved red wolf and cheetah sperm with oEVs during thawing improves sperm function. Both red wolf and cheetah sperm thawed with dog and cat oEVs, respectively, had more intact acrosomes than the non-EV controls. Moreover, red wolf sperm thawed in the presence of dog oEVs better maintained sperm motility over time (>15%) though such an improvement was not observed in cheetah sperm. Our work demonstrates that dog and cat oEVs carry proteins important for sperm function and improve post-thaw motility and/or acrosome integrity of red wolf and cheetah sperm in vitro. The findings show how oEVs can be a valuable tool for improving the success of AI with cryopreserved sperm in threatened species.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

GIS-facilitated in vitro propagation and ex situ conservation of Achillea occulta

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Grigoriadou ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
Eleni Maloupa
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ
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