scholarly journals AVAILABILITY AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS IN HOUSEHOLDS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF MANAUS: A POPULATION-BASED SURVEY, 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Magno Baldin Tiguman ◽  
Marina Borges Dias de Almeida ◽  
Marcus Tolentino Silva ◽  
Tais Freire Galvao
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Cleaning Products ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Objective: The availability of hazardous products in households increases the risks of poisoning. The present study aimed to assess the frequency and associated factors of the availability and storage of hazardous products in residences in the metropolitan region of Manaus. Methods: Population-based and cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 with adults selected with three-stage probabilistic sampling. Participants were interviewed face-to-face. Prevalence ratio (PR) of the presence of hazardous products (presence of chumbinho [illegal anti-cholinesterase rodenticide], artisanal cleaning products, and unsafe storage of these products and medications) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated with Poisson regression with robust variance, weighted by the complex sampling method adopted. Results: A total of 4,001 participants was included, of which 53.0% (95%CI 51.5-54.6) reported presence of hazardous products in their households, 36.3% (95%CI 34.8-37.8) had unsafe storage, 16.2% (95%CI 15.1-17.4) had artisanal cleaning products, and 8.2% (95%CI 7.4-9.1) had chumbinho. Households with children ≤5 years old had safer storage (PR=0.78; 95%CI 0.71-0.86) and more artisanal products (PR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11-1.51). Presence of artisanal products was higher in lower educational levels (PR=2.20; 95%CI 1.36-3.57) and lower economic classifications (PR=1.63; 95%CI 1.25-2.13). Conclusions: Over half of the households in the metropolitan region of Manaus kept hazardous products; one-third stored them unsafely. Artisanal cleaning products and chumbinho were frequently present. Households with children had safer storage of products, and socioeconomic factors affected the availability of such hazardous products.

scholarly journals Prevalence of health services usage and associated factors in the Amazon region of Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e017966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizete A Araujo ◽  
Marcus T Silva ◽  
Tais F Galvao ◽  
Mauricio G Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physician Visits

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of healthcare use and associated factors in the Manaus metropolitan region and to describe the reasons for lack of access.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingA survey conducted between May and August of 2015 in eight cities from Manaus metropolitan region, Amazonas, Brazil.Participants4001 adults ≥18 years of age.Primary outcomes measuresPhysician visits, dentist visits and hospitalisations in the last 12 months were the primary outcomes. Associated factors were investigated through the calculation of prevalence ratio (PR) obtained by hierarchical Poisson regression modelling.Results4001 adults were included in the study, 53% of whom were women. The self-reported prevalence of medical visits was 77% (95% CI 75% to 77%); dentist visits, 36% (95% CI 34% to 37%) and hospital admission, 7% (95% CI 6% to 7%). Physician visits were higher in women PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.23), the elderly PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.26) and people with health insurance PR=1.14 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.19). Dentist visits declined with older age PR=0.38 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.49), lower education level PR=0.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.74) and lower economic class PR=0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.75). Hospitalisations were found to be twice as frequent for women than for men and three times as frequent among those who reported very poor health status. Among the individuals who did not receive medical attention in the previous 2 weeks, 58% reported lack of facilities or appointment unavailable and 14% reported lack of doctors.ConclusionWhile more than half visited the doctor in the last year, a lower proportion of people with socioeconomic inequities visited the dentist. Organisational and service policies are needed to increase equity in health services in the region.

scholarly journals Tracking of physical activity from adolescence to adulthood: a population-based study

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Renato Azevedo ◽  
Cora Luiza Araújo ◽  
Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Adult Behavior

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between regular physical activity in adolescence and leisure-time physical activity in adulthood, with emphasis on gender differences. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2003. A representative sample of households was selected in multiple stages and subjects aged 20-59 years were interviewed. Leisure-time physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on adolescent physical activity were based on subjects' recall. RESULTS: Of 2,577 subjects interviewed, 27.5% were classified as adequately active, and 54.9% reported regular physical activity in adolescence. Subjects who engaged in regular physical activity during adolescence were more likely to be adequately active in adulthood (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.42; 95% CI: 1.23; 1.65). This effect was stronger in women (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.22; 1.86) than men (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.10; 1.67). CONCLUSIONS: Promoting physical activity in school age may be a successful intervention against the epidemic of adult inactivity. Although women were less likely to report regular physical activity in adolescence, the effect of this experience on adult behavior was stronger than in men.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-Reported Chronic Diseases and Health Services Utilization by Ethnic Minorities in Manaus Metropolitan Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Rodrigues Ferreira Rocha de Alencar ◽  
Tais Freire Galvao ◽  
Bruno Vianei Real Antonio ◽  
Marcus Tolentino Silva
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="Pa8"><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of, and associated factors to, self-reported chronic diseases and health care utilization by eth­nicity in the Manaus Metropolitan Region.</p><p class="Pa8"><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey from May through August 2015. Using probabilistic sampling in three stages, we recruited adults aged ≥18 years. Ethnicity was self-identified as White, Black, Yellow, Brown (Brazilian mixed-race), and Indigenous. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI of chronic diseases and health service utiliza­tion for each ethnic minority and compared the data using Poisson regression with data from White respondents.</p><p class="Pa8"><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we interviewed 4,001 people. Of these, 15.9% were White, 7.5% Black, 3.4% Yellow, 72.1% Brown, and 1.0% Indigenous. Indigenous respondents had the highest prevalence of self-reported hypertension (29.4%), diabetes (12.3%) and hypercholesterolemia (17.0%) among the ethnic respondent groups. Compared with the White population, Browns had less health insurance coverage (PR=.76; 95% CI: .62-.93) and reported hypertension (PR=.84; 95% CI: .72-0.98) and diabetes (PR=.69; 95% CI: .51-.94) less frequently. Yellows visited the doctor more frequently than Whites (PR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22), with no significant difference in prevalence of diseases.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Indigenous respondents had higher prevalence rates of the investigated diseases. Compared with Whites, Brown respondents had lower rates of self-reported arterial hypertension and diabetes, as well as lower rates of private health insurance coverage.</p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(1):49-54; doi:10.18865/ed.28.1.49</p>

scholarly journals Predictors of non-fatal violence or assault among adolescents in rural Bangladesh: cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000676
Author(s):  
Ikponmwosa Osaghae ◽  
Md Al-Amin Bhuiyan ◽  
Olakunle Alonge
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveTo determine the predictors of non-fatal violence or assault among adolescents in rural Bangladesh to inform evidence-based interventions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHousehold survey and national census in 51 unions of rural Bangladesh.Participants, methods and main outcome213 782 adolescents aged 11–19 years who reported violence during a population-based survey in 2013. We used logistic regression to determine the prevalence of factors that predict non-fatal forms of violence or assaults among adolescents. Assault or violence was defined as all injuries inflicted directly by another person or resulting from collateral impact over a 6-month recall period.Results457 (0.21%) cases of violence or assault were reported. The adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of violence was lower among female adolescents compared with males (PR: 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78, p<0.001). Compared with the lowest socioeconomic quintile, being in a higher quintile was associated with lower prevalence of violence, with a 39% decrease in the adjusted prevalence of violence among adolescents in highest compared with lowest socioeconomic index (PR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.84). The adjusted prevalence of violence in Chandpur and Comilla districts was 7.30 times and 7.27 times higher respectively than the prevalence of violence in Sirajganj (PR: 7.30, 95% CI 4.07 to 13.10 and PR: 7.27, 95% CI 3.56 to 14.84, respectively). There was no significant difference in the adjusted prevalence of violence occurring in school compared with home (PR: 1.19, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.69).ConclusionMale adolescents may be at an increased risk of suffering violence, and socioeconomic factors and place (districts) are strong predictors of adolescent violence among a selected population in rural Bangladesh. These findings are important in guiding interventions to address the burden of violence among adolescents in communities with similar demographics as our study population. Further research is needed to identify the actual burden of violence among adolescents at national level and to establish an effective violence prevention programme across Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Prevalence of IGFBP3, NOS3 and TCF7L2 Polymorphisms and Their Association With Hypertension: A Population-Based Study With Brazilian Women of African Descent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Lira ◽  
Nancy Vasconcelos ◽  
Tamara Santos ◽  
Luisa Duarte ◽  
Monica Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Descent ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Women Of African Descent ◽  
Measure Of Association

Abstract Background: African ancestry seems to be a risk factor for hypertension; however, few genetic studies have addressed this issue. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of polymorphisms NOS3; rs1799983, IGFBP3; rs11977526 and TCF7L2; rs7903146 in Brazilian women of African descent and their association with hypertension.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1021 women (19–59 years old) from the quilombola communities of Alagoas (Brazil). Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure data were collected. DNA was extracted from mucosa epithelial cells of the participants’ cheek. Genotyping was performed by PCR allelic discrimination. Prevalence ratio (PR) was the measure of association, calculated by Poisson regression, with a hierarchical selection of variables.Results: The prevalences of the less frequent genotypes were 26.5% TT genotype of NOS3; rs1799983, 16.7% AA genotype of IGFBP3; rs11977526, and 18.3% TT genotype of TCF7L2; rs7903146. For these conditions, the prevalence of hypertension and PR (adjusted) relatively to the ancestral genotype were, respectively: 52.0% vs 24.5% (PR=1.54; p<0.001), 62.0% vs 24.1% (PR=1.59; p<0.001), and 38.9% vs 27.9% (PR=0.86; p=0.166). Associations with hypertension were statistically significant, except for the TCF7L2; rs7903146 polymorphism, after adjusted analysis. Conclusions: Brazilian Afro-descendant women with the TT genotype for the NOS3 gene and the AA genotype for the IGFBP3 gene are more susceptible to hypertension. The understanding of underlying mechanisms involving the pathogenesis of hypertension can motivate research for the development of new therapeutic targets related to nitric oxide metabolism and the management of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Anthropometric cut-offs to identify hyperglycemia in an Afro-Caribbean population: a cross-sectional population-based study from Barbados

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002246
Author(s):  
Alisha N Wade ◽  
Ian R Hambleton ◽  
Anselm J M Hennis ◽  
Christina Howitt ◽  
Selvi M Jeyaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Caribbean Women ◽  
Caribbean Population

IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cut-offs associated with hyperglycemia may differ by ethnicity. We investigated the optimal BMI and WC cut-offs for identifying hyperglycemia in the predominantly Afro-Caribbean population of Barbados.Research design and methodsA cross-sectional study of 865 individuals aged ≥25 years without known diabetes or cardiovascular disease was conducted. Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c ≥5.7% (39 mmol/mol). The Youden index was used to identify the optimal cut-offs from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Further ROC analysis and multivariable log binomial regression were used to compare standard and data-derived cut-offs.ResultsThe prevalence of hyperglycemia was 58.9% (95% CI 54.7% to 63.0%). In women, optimal BMI and WC cut-offs (27 kg/m2 and 87 cm, respectively) performed similarly to standard cut-offs. In men, sensitivities of the optimal cut-offs of BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (72.0%) and WC ≥86 cm (74.0%) were higher than those for standard BMI and WC obesity cut-offs (30.0% and 25%–46%, respectively), although with lower specificity. Hyperglycemia was 70% higher in men above the data-derived WC cut-off (prevalence ratio 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3).ConclusionsWhile BMI and WC cut-offs in Afro-Caribbean women approximate international standards, our findings, consistent with other studies, suggest lowering cut-offs in men may be warranted to improve detection of hyperglycemia. Our findings do, however, require replication in a new data set.

scholarly journals Low fruit consumption and omission of daily meals as risk factors for increased blood pressure in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Barbosa Domingos ◽  
Avany Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Edna Massae Yokoo ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inverse Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractA population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19–60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson’s regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50–59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations.

scholarly journals Overweight, asthma symptoms, atopy and pulmonary function in children of 4–12 years of age: findings from the SCAALA cohort in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila MA Matos ◽  
Sandra R Jesus ◽  
Silvia RDM Saldiva ◽  
Matildes S Prado ◽  
Silvana D'Innocenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between overweight and the occurrence of asthma and atopy in a cohort of children of 4–12 years of age living in the city of Salvador in 2005.DesignCross-sectional study nested in a cohort.SettingThe metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.SubjectsThe study included 1129 children of 4–12 years age who presented complete information on the variables used here. Skin tests for allergy, spirometry, faecal parasitology, serum IgE and anthropometric surveys were conducted. Poisson's multivariate regression was adopted.ResultsWheezing was found in 29·1% and asthma in 22·8% of children, both conditions being more common in those under 6 years of age and 34% more common in overweight children (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·34; 95% CI 1·07, 1·67) following adjustment. The ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1s and forced vital capacity was associated with overweight (PR = 1·35; 95% CI 1·11, 1·61). No statistically significant association was found between overweight and allergen-specific IgE or with wheezing.ConclusionsThese results are in agreement with the hypothesis that overweight is associated with asthma and pulmonary function, even following adjustment for intervening variables known to be associated with the pathogeny of asthma.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorder and early interruption of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in Quilombola women: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gabrielle dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Ana Carolina Santana Vieira ◽  
Monica Lopes de Assunção ◽  
Haroldo da Silva Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding (EMBF) and evaluate whether common mental disorder (CMD) and other predictors promote its early interruption (EI-EMBF4). Methods: a cross-sectional study involving all children <24 months (n=252) residing in 50% (n=34) of the Quilombola communities in Alagoas. The EI-EMBF4 was established when EMBF was ≤4 months. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used to identify the occurrence of CMD. Other predictors were obtained through interviews. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio calculated by the Poisson regression, following a hierarchical theoretical model. The prevalence of EMBF for 4 and 6 months, and its median duration (survival analysis) were calculated. Results: the prevalence of EI-EMBF4 and CMD was 57.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The risk factors independently associated with EI-EMBF4 were: living in a mud house, maternal age ≤18 years, low birth weight and the use of a pacifier or baby bottle. There was no association with CMD. The prevalence of EMBF for four and six months was 42.4% and 25.4%, respectively, and the median duration was 106 days. Conclusion: EMBF indicators are below the established recommendations, justifying the implementation of measures that prioritize women subjected to risk factors identified here. CMD is not configured among these.

scholarly journals Low levels of ideal cardiovascular health in a semi-urban population of Western Nepal: a population-based, cross-sectional study

Heart Asia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e011131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Salim S Virani ◽  
Per Kallestrup
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Prevalence

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the status of cardiovascular health among a semi-urban population of Nepal, and determine factors associated with ideal cardiovascular health.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional study using a systematic random sample was conducted among 2310 adults aged ≥ 25 years in a semi-urban area of the Pokhara Metropolitan City previously named Lekthnath in Nepal. The ideal, intermediate and poor cardiovascular health were defined as the presence of 6–7, 4–5 or 1–3 health metrics, among a list of 7 health behaviours and healthfactors, namely smoking, body mass index, physical activity, fruits and vegetables intakes, harmful alcohol consumption, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. We used univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models adjusting for sex, age groups, ethnicity, educational level and socioeconomic status, and calculated the prevalence ratios with 95% CIs.ResultsOnly 14.3 % of the participants had ideal cardiovascular health, whereas 67.0% and 18.7% of the participants had intermediate and poor cardiovascular health, respectively. Age groups 45–54 years (prevalence ratio 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94, p<0.001) and 55–64 years (prevalence ratio 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.90, p<0.001) were significantly associated with low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health compared with the age group 35–44 years. Ethnic groups, including Janajati (prevalence ratio 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.93, p<0.001) and Dalit (prevalence ratio 0.9, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.95, p=0.001), were significantly associated with low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health.ConclusionsPrevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is low in the semi-urban population in Nepal. Concerted efforts are needed to develop a population-based intervention to improve cardiovascular health in Nepal.

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