scholarly journals Mating and ejaculate allocation pattern in the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Epialtidae)

Nauplius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Pretterebner ◽  
Javiera Sanhueza ◽  
Jorge López ◽  
Luis Miguel Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Allocation Pattern

An Eye-Tracking Study on Audiovisual Speech Perception Strategies Adopted by Normal-Hearing and Deaf Adults Under Different Language Familiarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2245-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Wang ◽  
Yumeng Zhu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Abdilbar Mamat ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Audiovisual Speech Perception ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
Bilingual Speaker ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
Standard Chinese

Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to explore the audiovisual speech perception strategies.80.23.47 adopted by normal-hearing and deaf people in processing familiar and unfamiliar languages. Our primary hypothesis was that they would adopt different perception strategies due to different sensory experiences at an early age, limitations of the physical device, and the developmental gap of language, and others. Method Thirty normal-hearing adults and 33 prelingually deaf adults participated in the study. They were asked to perform judgment and listening tasks while watching videos of a Uygur–Mandarin bilingual speaker in a familiar language (Standard Chinese) or an unfamiliar language (Modern Uygur) while their eye movements were recorded by eye-tracking technology. Results Task had a slight influence on the distribution of selective attention, whereas subject and language had significant influences. To be specific, the normal-hearing and the d10eaf participants mainly gazed at the speaker's eyes and mouth, respectively, in the experiment; moreover, while the normal-hearing participants had to stare longer at the speaker's mouth when they confronted with the unfamiliar language Modern Uygur, the deaf participant did not change their attention allocation pattern when perceiving the two languages. Conclusions Normal-hearing and deaf adults adopt different audiovisual speech perception strategies: Normal-hearing adults mainly look at the eyes, and deaf adults mainly look at the mouth. Additionally, language and task can also modulate the speech perception strategy.

scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

scholarly journals An Optimization Model for a Wetland Restoration Project under Uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baofeng Cai ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xianen Wang ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Restoration Measures

Restoring natural wetlands with conservation projects is an urgent task for human well-being. This paper introduces the Interval linear programming (ILP) method in wetland restoration projects for the first time and builds an optimization model. The purpose of the optimization model is to find an optimal restoration measures allocation pattern that can minimize the total investment in wetland restoration projects and obtain additional ecological environment and socio-economic benefits. The optimization model can also decrease the influence of interval uncertainty in the system by expressing the executed solution as interval numbers with an upper bound and a lower bound. The result of the optimization model for the wetland restoration project indicated a range of 6.84%–15.43% reduction on comparison with the original scheme which verified the effectiveness and validity of this optimization model. Our findings indicate that higher ecological and social benefits of wetland restoration projects can be achieved with lower restoration investment on the application of the reasonable and optimal restoration measures allocation pattern by the optimization model. The results of interval solutions can provide guidance for project managers to select a satisfactory decision-making plan by adjusting the decision variables in the interval solutions according to the practical situation. It can be seen that reeds were suggested to be planted over 46.75 km2, with the same lower bound and higher bound. Meanwhile, populus euphratica, and dryland willow were recommended to be planted in a mixed forest pattern within the interval of 30.54 km2 to 37.25 km2, and so forth. With the optimal solutions obtained from the model, the total project investment would be in the range of 2193.14 (104 CNY) to 2416.01 (104 CNY). Future improvements of our optimization model in wetland restoration projects should consider other kinds of uncertainties in the system such as stochastic uncertainties, fuzzy uncertainties, and integrated uncertainties.

A Friendly Model for Water Resources Allocation in the River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2933-2936
Author(s):  
Chun Xiao ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Zhi Peng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Compound System ◽  
Water Resources Allocation ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Water Resources System

Aiming at the disadvantages of current allocation pattern of water resources in the river basin, this paper first put forward the concept of water resources system friendly, and then quantified the allocation principles of water resources by constructing friendly function, and finally proposed the friendly allocation pattern of water resources with maximizing friendly function of water resources system as the objective. The friendly allocation pattern makes water resources compound system and its subsystems and the allocation principles of water resources associated with each other organically, whose concept is definite. The proposed allocation pattern was applied in the study of water resources allocation in Fuhuan River Basin in Hubei Province, whose reasonableness and validity was verified when comparing with other patterns.

183 DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE EMBRYOS MICROINJECTED WITH PORCINE EMBRYONIC GERM CELLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
C.-H. Park ◽  
S.-G. Lee ◽  
D.-H. Choi ◽  
M.-G. Kim ◽  
C. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Allocation Pattern

Embryonic germ (EG) cells, derived from primordial germ cells in the developing fetus, are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in terms of expression pattern of undifferentiated markers and their ability to colonize both the somatic and the germ cell lines following injection into a host blastocyst, which has been proven in mouse. Several studies using porcine EG cells have shown that it is possible to produce somatic chimeras after blastocyst injection. However, not only was the degree of reported chimerism low, but also there has been no report about the fate of injected EG cells in porcine blastocysts. This study was designed to observe the distribution pattern of porcine EG cells in chimeric blastocyst after injection into cleavage-stage porcine embryos. To ascertain development of microinjected porcine embryos with EG cells, 10 to 15 EG cells were injected into cleavage stage of in vitro fertilized embryos and cultured up to blastocyst. Also, porcine EG cells were labeled with DiO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) on the cell membrane or transfected with green fluorescent protein gene to observe whether the EG cells injected in the host embryo would incorporate into the inner cell mass (ICM) or trophectoderm (TE). Chimeric embryos were produced and allowed to develop into blastocysts to investigate the injected EG cells would come to lie in ICM and/or TE of the blastocyst, by scoring their position. In result, developmental rate was similar in all treatments. In all treatments, EG cells were mainly allocated in both ICM and TE of the chimeric blastocysts. These results suggest that examining the allocation pattern of injected EG cells, maintained pluripotency in vitro, could provide clues of differentiation process in vivo. Furthermore, to enhance the allocation of EG cells into the embryonic lineage, it would be required to optimize the culture condition for EG cells as well as embryos. Further experiment are needed to determine whether the injected EG cells could maintain their properties throughout the environment in the embryonic development in vitro. Table 1. Distribution of the porcine EG cells microinjected into cleavage-stage embryos

scholarly journals Fair and Reasonable Allocation of Trans-Boundary Water Resources Based on an Asymmetric Nash Negotiation Model from the Satisfaction Perspective: A Case Study for the Lancang–Mekong River Bain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Feng-ping Wu ◽  
Liu-xin Chen ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Xiang-nan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Allocation Scheme ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Negotiation Model ◽  
Conflict Problem ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Negotiation Mechanism

The issue of trans-boundary water conflict has become an important factor affecting the relations between basin countries. The key to solve the current conflict problem is to realize the fair and reasonable allocation of trans-boundary water resources. Based on the satisfaction perspective, we developed an asymmetric Nash negotiation model to obtain an optimal and feasible allocation scheme for the trans-boundary water resources. Firstly, based on the two international water laws, we analyzed the influencing factors including water demand differences, resource endowment differences, and water efficiency differences, and by combing with the flexible weight constraint, we built the fair and reasonable allocation pattern for trans-boundary water resources. Secondly, under the constraint of the allocation pattern, we determined the ideal negotiation scheme of each basin country by considering their selection preference. Thirdly, we built a satisfaction degree function and established an asymmetric Nash negotiation model. This is used to build a fair negotiation mechanism among basin countries, and the allocation scheme after negotiation is regarded as the optimal allocation scheme. Lastly, we took the Lancang–Mekong river basin as an example. For this example, the results indicate the following: (1) after considering multiple factors comprehensively, China and Thailand obtained a higher proportion of trans-boundary water resource quota under different preference scenarios, while Myanmar obtained a lower proportion of trans-boundary water resource quota; (2) taking each basin country as the negotiation agent, the optimal allocation scheme with the introduction of fair negotiation mechanism has a higher degree of satisfaction, with an average of over 87.19%, which is more stable and easy to be accepted by all basin countries; (3) from the perspective of the change rate and the average satisfaction of the basin countries, the optimal allocation scheme under the resource endowment preference scenario obtained the highest satisfaction among basin countries. This study aims to improve the practicability and acceptability of trans-boundary water resources allocation, thus providing technical support for reducing trans-boundary water resources conflicts.

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