scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

Physiological and morphological responses of invasiveAmbrosia artemisiifolia(common ragweed) to different irradiances

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Qin ◽  
Dan Juan Mao ◽  
Guo Ming Quan ◽  
Jia-en Zhang ◽  
Jun Fang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Invasion by the exotic herb Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. has become a serious agricultural and environmental problem and of increasing research interest as the species continues its southward spread into subtropical regions of China. To better understand the possible physiological and morphological adaptations of A. artemisiifolia in this region, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using seedlings of A. artemisiifolia and a comparative native species, Urena lobata L. (Caesar’s weed), which is an erect annual shrub in the Malvaceae that commonly co-occurs with A. artemisiifolia in open, disturbed habitats in southern China. Seedlings of both plants were grown under four irradiance regimes (10%, 30%, 55%, and 100% irradiance) from 14 May to 13 July 2010. Ambrosia artemisiifolia showed significantly higher total biomass, total leaf area, specific leaf area, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate but lower leaf mass fraction than U. lobata at the 30%–100% irradiance levels. With decreasing irradiance, A. artemisiifolia significantly increased biomass allocation to stems and decreased allocation to roots. Meanwhile, A. artemisiifolia exhibited higher light-saturated photosynthetic rates and light saturation points with wide variances except at the 10% irradiance treatment. These findings suggest that A. artemisiifolia has generally higher irradiance plasticity for traits pertaining to biomass partitioning, growth, and plant structure than U. lobata. The ability of A. artemisiifolia to tolerate high shade conditions while maintaining high growth rates at elevated irradiance levels may afford it a competitive advantage and may help explain its recent colonization and spread in southern China.

Seasonal changes of leaf area index (LAI) in a tropical deciduous forest in west Mexico

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoséManuel Maass ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Wayne T. Swank ◽  
Angelina Martínez-Yrízar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Area Index ◽  
West Mexico

scholarly journals Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOACYR BERNARDINO DIAS-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Light ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Full Sunlight

The growth and biomass allocation responses of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola were compared for plants grown outdoors, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30% of full sunlight over a 30day period. The objective was to evaluate the acclimation capacity of these species to low light. Both species were able to quickly develop phenotypic adjustments in response to low light. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for low-light plants during the entire experimental period. Low-light plants allocated significantly less biomass to root and more to leaf tissue than high-light plants. However, the biomass allocation pattern to culms was different for the two species under low light: it increased in B. brizantha, but decreased in B. humidicola, probably as a reflection of the growth habits of these species. Relative growth rate and tillering were higher in high-light plants. Leaf elongation rate was significantly increased on both species under low light; however, the difference between treatments was higher in B. brizantha. These results are discussed in relation to the pasture management implications.

scholarly journals Exploring the Inclusion of Small Regenerating Trees to Improve Above-Ground Forest Biomass Estimation Using Geospatial Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Le ◽  
David Paull ◽  
Amy Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Understory Trees

Research on the contribution of understory components to the total above ground biomass (AGB) has to date received very little attention because most prior biomass estimation studies have ignored small regenerating trees beneath the main canopy with the assumption that their contribution to biomass is generally negligible. Only a few biomass studies have emphasized a considerable contribution to biomass of understory components in forest ecosystems. However, this study of native, tropical, deciduous forest biomass in the Central Highlands of Vietnam was able to explore the contribution of small regenerating trees to total biomass by exploiting a large field inventory of hundreds to thousands of individually-counted small regenerating trees per hectare. Thus, this study investigated the influence of small regenerating tree biomass on models of the relationship between total AGB and remote sensing data. These analyses were trained with and without topographic variables derived from ASTER-GDEM. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of small regenerating understory trees (R2 = 0.42, NRMSE or %RMSE = 30.5%) provides a quantifiable improvement in total estimated AGB compared to using only large woody canopy trees (R2 = 0.21, NRMSE or %RMSE = 36.6%) when correlating field-based biomass measurements with optical image-derived variables. All analyses show that the inclusion of terrain factors made an important contribution to biomass modeling. This study suggests that for young, open forests where there are many small regenerating trees, the contribution of understory biomass should be taken into consideration to improve total AGB estimation.

The Association of Biomass Allocation With Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Two Triticum aestivum Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
RVD Boogaard ◽  
EJ Veneklaas ◽  
H Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency

We investigated traits that might improve performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a dry environment, and examined if the response to drought is different for cultivars with a contrasting biomass allocation pattern, using two cultivars with either a high (Katya) or small (Mexipak) proportion of biomass allocated to the leaves. Plants were grown in pots placed in the field, under well-watered conditions and under intermittent drought. Katya allocated a greater proportion of its biomass to both leaves and roots, and a smaller proportion to stems than Mexipak did. The growth rate of Katya was not higher despite a higher investment in leaf area and a slightly higher rate of photosynthesis, possibly due to concomitantly higher respiratory losses. Under well-watered conditions, the efficiency of water use for growth was higher for Katya than for Mexipak, due to a lower water use at a similar growth rate. Differences in water use per plant were determined by the rate of water loss or uptake, rather than by the amount of roots or leaves. A high water use efficiency was independent of growth rate. We conclude that a lower rate of water use due to a lower transpiration per unit leaf area linked with a high leaf area can contribute to improve the performance of wheat cultivars in a water-limited environment.

scholarly journals Growth of yacon under artificial shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Ariany das Graças Teixeira ◽  
Fábio Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago P Mendes ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cavatte ◽  
Magno do C Parajara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Artificial Shading

ABSTRACT Yacon is a tuberous root cultivated in mild climate regions with high altitudes, but the crop shows the capacity to develop at low altitudes. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth rates and the partition of photoassimilates in yacon plants under different levels of artificial shading. The experiment was conducted in four shading levels (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%), and seven monthly harvests in a completely randomized design. We evaluated the accumulation of total dry mass on the whole plant and its parts; leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass fraction; stem mass fraction; rhizophores mass fraction; tuberous roots mass fraction; estimates of relative growth rate, absolute growth, and net assimilation. The lower accumulation of total dry biomass and the lowest growth rates indicate that conditions of noticeable light restriction (70% shading) restrict the growth of yacon. Yacon plants grown under moderate shading levels (30 to 50%) showed greater capacity of accumulation of total biomass, directing part of this biomass to the tuberous roots, which directly reflects gains in the agronomic productivity of this crop, indicating that yacon has the potential to be associated with other crops, which promote a moderate shading.

Growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of four tree species from a dry tropical afromontane forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASRESHA FETENE ◽  
YONAS FELEKE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Afromontane Forest

Growth, photosynthesis and carbon allocation pattern were studied in four dry afromontane forest tree species (Olea europea subspecies cuspidata, Podocarpus falcatus, Hagenia abyssinica and Juniperus procera) under varied light regimes in a greenhouse. The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the species for growth under forest canopies and to identify their habitat preferences. The light regimes were created using shade cloth and they corresponded with deep forest understoreys (2% of the light in the open gap); moderate shade (10%), slight shade as is found in edges of forest gaps (20%) and 100% representing open gaps.Seedling biomass was significantly influenced by light regimes for all species as were total leaf area and relative growth rate. H. abyssinica had the highest growth rate but the lowest survival rate in shade. There was a consistent trend for higher specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) at lower growth light regimes in O. europea and P. falcatus. O. europea and P. falcatus had similar allocation patterns whereby between 20-40% of the total biomass was allocated to stem, 20-30% to roots and 50-60% to leaves. In H. abyssinica up to 80% was allocated to leaves and only a small percentage to stem and to roots.Within species there were significant differences in the light saturated rate of photosynthesis (Amax) per unit area among the plants grown at the lowest light level and in the open. For plants grown in the open there were very little among species differences in Amax per unit area. However, there were significant differences in the Amax of the different species grown at the lowest light level. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated that open-grown P. falcatus and O. europea experienced moderate photoinhibition. From the growth and photosynthesis results P. falcatus and O. europea appeared to be non-pioneer, shade-tolerant species, while J. procera and to a larger extent H. abyssinica showed pioneer, light-demanding characteristics. The results are discussed in terms of the occurrence of the species in the mosaic climaxes of afromontane forests.

scholarly journals The effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth in association with the biomass allocation pattern

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao qi Ye ◽  
Jin liu Meng ◽  
Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Water Extracts

Background Solidago canadensis L. is an aggressive exotic plant species in China that has potential allelopathic effects on competing plant species. Effects of hormesis are frequently observed in studies of allelopathy; however, the mechanisms of such effects need to be elucidated. Allelopathic compounds may affect the growth of recipient plants via alteration of biomass allocation patterns or photosynthetic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine how water extracts from S. canadensis affected the shoot and root growth of recipient plants and whether the underlying mechanism was related to the biomass allocation pattern or photosynthetic gas exchange capacity. Methods The water extracts from S. canadensis shoots at 12 different concentrations in the range of 0–0.25 g/ml were applied thrice in 9 days to maize seedlings cultivated in silica sand. The growth (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) and biomass accumulation and allocation (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR)) were compared among maize seedlings exposed to different treatment concentrations. Gas exchange (photosynthetic light response curve) was measured and compared among maize seedlings exposed to three concentrations of water extract (0, 0.0125 and 0.2 g/ml) before and after the first application, and seedling growth was measured after the third and final application. Results The growth of seedlings (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) was promoted at concentrations below 0.125 g/ml and inhibited at concentrations above this level (P < 0.05). The pattern of change in biomass accumulation and allocation was similar to that of shoot growth, but biomass accumulation and allocation was not significantly affected by the water extract treatments (P > 0.05). The water extract treatments did not significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity (P > 0.05), but the dark respiration rate was higher in the low-dose treatment than that in the high-dose treatment. Shoot height was positively correlated with the biomass allocation indicators SLA and LAR (P < 0.05) but not with LMR (P > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggested that the effects of the water extracts from S. canadensis were highly dependent on the concentration, with the growth of maize seedlings promoted at low concentrations of water extracts. The effects of the water extracts on the growth of maize seedlings were mainly due to the effects on the LAR, the allocation to leaf area growth, whereas the effects of the water extracts on leaf gas exchange capacity cannot explain variation of seedling growth. Thus, the stimulation of plant growth was very likely due to increased biomass allocation towards the shoot.

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