Assessment of water resources system in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt under different hydrological and agronomic conditions

This paper assessed the current water resources system and two future scenarios in Qena governorate by developing Water Balance (WB Model) and Water Security Quality-based Index (WSQI). First scenario presented 25% reduction in Nile flow, while second scenario suggested adaptation measures to comply with flow reduction. The measures included leveling 100,000 feddans, serving 70,000 feddans with sprinkler irrigation, and lining 2,977 km of canals. The WB Model estimated water balance components. The WSQI was a new index suitable for Egypt's conditions considering water quality. The water supply from High Aswan Dam (HAD) was predicted by the BlueM model for hydrological simulations of Nasser Lake. The study found that the current water shortage was fulfilled by drainage reuse and shallow groundwater, and the WQSI indicated a low water insecurity. The flow reduction increased water shortage and reuse quantity. As a result, the WSQI indicated high water insecurity. The suggested measures improved agricultural water use efficiency from 51% to 63%, reduced water shortage, and improved water insecurity level from high to medium. This study concluded that adaptation measures can improve the future water system and water security in Qena governorate. The study recommended upscaling WSQI use for the entire country.

WRSS: An Object-Oriented R Package for Large-Scale Water Resources Operation

Water resources systems, as facilities for storing water and supplying demands, have been critically important due to their operational requirements. This paper presents the applications of an R package in a large-scale water resources operation. The WRSS (Water Resources System Simulator) is an object-oriented open-source package for the modeling and simulation of water resources systems based on Standard Operation Policy (SOP). The package provides R users several functions and methods to build water supply and energy models, manipulate their components, create scenarios, and publish and visualize the results. WRSS is capable of incorporating various components of a complex supply–demand system, including numerous reservoirs, aquifers, diversions, rivers, junctions, and demand nodes, as well as hydropower analysis, which have not been presented in any other R packages. For the WRSS’s development, a novel coding system was devised, allowing the water resources components to interact with one another by transferring the mass in terms of seepage, leakage, spillage, and return-flow. With regard to the running time, as a key factor in complex models, WRSS outshone the existing commercial tools such as the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) significantly by reducing the processing time by 50 times for a single unit reservoir. Additionally, the WRSS was successfully applied to a large-scale water resources system comprising of 5 medium- to large-size dams with 11 demand nodes. The results suggested dams with larger capacity sizes may meet agriculture sector demand but smaller capacities to fulfill environmental water requirement. Additionally, large-scale approach modeling in the operation of one of the studied dams indicated its implication on the reservoirs supply resiliency by increasing 10 percent of inflow compared with single unit operation.

Evaluating regional agricultural water resources system resilience and analyzing driving factors in the Hongxinglong Administration

A Projection Pursuit Classification model optimized by the Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm (CSO-PPC) was proposed to evaluate system resilience in Hongxinglong Administration of Heilongjiang Province, China. Meanwhile, the driving forces behind resilience were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). CSO-PPC was used to evaluate resilience for the 12 farms in Hongxinglong Administration, and PCA was applied to select the key factors driving their resilience. Results showed that the key factors were per capita water, unit area grain yield, application of fertilizer per unit cultivated area and the proportion of cultivated land, which were closely related to human production and planting area. Overall water resources system resilience improved by 2011 compared to 2005. Specifically, water resources system resilience grades for the 12 farms were divided into five levels from inferior to superior, i.e. I to V. After six years of development, the resilience of eight farms had improved. Farm Youyi and Farm 853 were upgraded from inferior level II to the best level V. However, according to the data, four farms still had low resilience that had not improved in recent years. Further results showed that the driving forces decreased from 1998 to 2003 and increased from 2003 to 2011.

Grey Relational Entropy Calculation and Fractional Prediction of Water and Economy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

The implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy promotes the rapid development of the regional economy, but the consequent water shortage has become a major concern. How to optimize the allocation of water resources, promote the cooperation of water resources among various water-using departments, and maximize the water efficiency of the limited water resources in the region has become the main issue of research. Thus, this paper mainly studies the entropy value and the entropy difference of the grey relational entropy between water resources and economic systems. First, use the grey correlation entropy method to calculate the existing data to explore the relationship between the two systems, then use the FGM(1, 1) model to predict the grey correlation entropy value of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in 2020–2024, and finally, calculate the entropy difference of the grey relation entropy for the region from 2015 to 2024. The results show the following: (i) The connection between the water resources system and the economic system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is poor, the entropy value between the two will continue to decrease from 2015 to 2024, and the degree of coordination has shown a decreasing trend. (ii) The entropy change value between the water resources system and the economic system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region reflects a gradual and orderly change trend. The research results can provide reasonable suggestions for improving the correlation between water resources and economic systems for government departments, local residents, and industrial enterprises in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, ultimately realizing the sustainable development of water resources and economic systems.

Comprehensive evaluation of water resources security of the Huaihe Eco-economic Belt

The study of water resource security is a basic scientific issue that must be faced in the construction of the ecological environment. To examine the status of regional water resources security in the Huaihe Eco-economic Belt, this study builds a comprehensive evaluation index system based on the ‘Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response’ (DPSIR) framework, combines the entropy weight method and Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model to calculate the water resources security status from 2010 to 2018. Then the fixed effects regression model is used to analyze the factors affecting the water resources system. The results show that (1) The status of water resources security in the Huaihe Eco-economic Belt decreased from 2011 to 2017 and, thereby transitioning from a safe to a dangerous state. The coordination index of the economic system and water resource system was only −0.17 in 2017, and the partial development model benefited the economy but damaged the water resources. (2) The security status of 25 prefecture-level cities improved significantly, and the number of cities with status of alert or above increased from 11 to 15. However, there are apparent differences among the regions. The status has shifted to ‘north and south being better than east and west’. The water resources security status of Jining, Linyi, and Lu'an have improved, whereas Yancheng, Taizhou, Pingdingshan, and other cities showed rather poor development during 2017. (3) The correlation coefficient of the economic system was −0.154 and hindered the development of the water resources system. The correlation coefficients of the added value of the tertiary industry and the expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection was 0.699 and 0.180 respectively and played a positive role in promoting the water resources system. It is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure and protect the environment. HIGHLIGHT The Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model is introduced to the paper and has good applicability in water resources security research.The Huaihe Eco-economic Belt is taken as the research area and the empirical results are conducive to promoting the development and implementation of national strategies.ArcGIS software is used to visualize the results and the dynamic change of water resources security status.

Decentralized calibration process for distributed water resources systems using the self-adaptive multi-memory melody search algorithm

Having systematic simulation and optimization models with high computational accuracy is one of the most important problems in developing decision support systems. In the present research, a specific methodology was proposed for decentralized calibration of complex water resources system models by using the structural capabilities of the melody search algorithm. This methodology was implemented in the framework of a self-adaptive simulation–optimization model that helps fine-tune complex water resources models by introducing a new definition of the way sub-memories are related to each. The introduced structure aims to achieve the highest possible level of consistency, which is estimated by using different criteria, between model results and observed data at several control points of surface flows. The introduced strategy was put to the test in developing a water resources model for the Great Karun Watershed, Iran, and was found to produce accurate results compared to some other well-known optimization algorithms such as GA, HS, PSO, SGHS, EMPSO, and SaMeS. In an attempt to determine the effect of calibration on water resources system modeling, 16 calibration models of different dimensions are developed and their computational costs are compared in terms of their computation time and effects on the accuracy of the results.

Overview of Mongolia’s Water Resources System and Management: A Country Water Security Assessment

Энэхүү нийтлэл нь Монгол Улсын усны аюулгүй байдлыг үнэлж, бусад баримт бичиг, судалгаан дээр үндэслэн дүн шинжилгээ хийх замаар боловсруулсан үндэсний хэмжээний усны нөөцийн тогтолцоо ба менежментийн талаарх олон талт тойм судалгааг агуулсан болно.