scholarly journals Antimutagenic and antirecombinagenic activities of noni fruit juice in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO P. FRANCHI ◽  
NILZA N. GUIMARAES ◽  
LAISE R. DE ANDRADE ◽  
HELOISA H.R. DE ANDRADE ◽  
MAURICIO LEHMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Induced Mutant

Noni, a Hawaiian name for the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., is a traditional medicinal plant from Polynesia widely used for the treatment of many diseases including arthritis, diabetes, asthma, hypertension and cancer. Here, a commercial noni juice (TNJ) was evaluated for its protective activities against the lesions induced by mitomycin C (MMC) and doxorrubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day-old larvae, trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers (mwh and flr3 ), were co-treated with TNJ plus MMC or DXR. We have observed a reduction in genotoxic effects of MMC and DXR caused by the juice. TNJ provoked a marked decrease in all kinds of MMC- and DXR-induced mutant spots, mainly due to its antirecombinagenic activity. The TNJ protective effects were concentration-dependent, indicating a dose-response correlation, that can be attributed to a powerful antioxidant and/or free radical scavenger ability of TNJ.

Enterochromaffin cells as the source of melatonin: key findings and functional relevance in mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Palash K. Pal ◽  
Swaimanti Sarkar ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
Dunxian X Tan ◽  
Debasish Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Functional Relevance

The enteroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal (GI) tract synthesize more than thirty hormones in mammals. Among these cells, the enterochromaffin (EC) cells are probably the most important one due to the fact that they produce melatonin. The rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis including arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, currently the SNAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT, currently the ASMT) have been identified in EC cells and this has confirmed the local melatonin production in GI tract by these cells. EC cells play a critical role in regulation of gastrointestinal physiology, particularly, in protection of the GI tract from free radical attack and inflammatory reaction. GI tract is the major site exposed to the oxidative stress and inflammation because of the food residue metabolism and the presence of trillions of microbes including the pathological bacteria. Thus, it requires strong protection. Melatonin synthesized by the EC cells provides the onsite protection in GI tract since this molecule is the potent free radical scavenger and effective ant-inflammatory agent. In this review we summarize the available information regarding the structural and functional variability of the EC cells as well as their pathophysiological roles in the GI tract. The focus is given to the protective effects of melatonin produced by the EC cells on the oxidative stress, inflammation and microbiota balance in GI tract. 

Protective effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone on acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 630 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yan-Fei Mao ◽  
Shuang-Qing Liu ◽  
Jiong Hou ◽  
Zhi-Yang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects

Protective effects of edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, in cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A501
Author(s):  
Sawako Kobayashi ◽  
Takuya Kitada ◽  
Hideki Fujii ◽  
Takao Yamada ◽  
Hiroki Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Experimental Pancreatitis ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document