scholarly journals Ontogenetic events in androgenesis of Brazilian barley genotypes

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. S. da SILVA ◽  
M. I. MORAES-FERNANDES ◽  
A. G. FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Doubled Haploid Plants ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This paper describes a simple procedure for obtention of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) doubled haploid plants from Brazilian hybrid genotypes. Anatomical and histological examinations showed the reversion of barley pollen to an sporophytic mode of development. A sequence of mitosis led to the formation of multicellular pollen grains. Regeneration of plants occurred either by direct embryogenesis or callus formation followed by differentiation through direct embryogenesis or organogenesis. Plants were formed in the same medium used for induction dispensing an additional regeneration step. This procedure makes doubled haploid production simpler and faster. Plantlets were transferred to another medium for rooting and after that planted in pots with vermiculite and nutrient solution.

Transformation of isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores: II. Timing of pretreatment and temperatures relative to results of bombardment

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Seb Shim ◽  
K. Peter Pauls ◽  
Ken J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
Doubled Haploid Plants ◽  
Haploid Plants

Based on paper I in this series, our goals in this paper were to determine the relationship between prebombardment pretreatments and temperatures, microspore cell cycle when bombarded, and the frequencies of homozygous and hemizygous transgenic progeny in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Of the 104 fluorescent plants selected when using the GFP fluorescence transgene, 28 were albino and 76 plants were green. Thirty-one green plants were confirmed to be transgenic; the others were either transient green fluorescent protein expression or selected due to autofluorescence. Of the 31 plants, 23 came from embryos expressing a high level of fluorescence during selection and eight from 51 plants exhibiting a low level of fluorescence. Of the two pretreatments used to induce embryogenesis, 24 of 31 plants were from the cold pretreatment for 21 days (C) versus seven from the 4 day cold plus mannitol pretreatment. Following pretreatment, the microspores were subjected to a high-osmotic period (0.5 mol/L mannitol plus sorbitol) of 4 h prebombardment and 18 h postbombardment at either 25 or 4 °C. Of the 31 transgenic plants, 19 were produced following the 25 °C 4 h prebombardment. Sixteen of the 19 were doubled haploid plants (seven being homozygous for the transgene) and the other three plants were haploid. Of the remaining 12 plants recovered following the 4 h 4 °C prebombardment treatment, nine were haploid and three were doubled haploid plants, two of the latter being homozygous for the transgene. All 12 haploid plants obtained were treated with colchicine and produced homozygous transgenic doubled haploids. Of the two promoters compared, 30 plants had the actin promoter and only one had the 35S promoter. The use of arabinogalactan protein in the culture medium was very beneficial, giving rise to 29 of the 31 plants. The best procedure for obtaining transgenic barley plants from this study was pretreatment C, leaving the cultures at either 4 or 25 °C during the 4 h prebombardment high-osmotic period, using the actin promoter and having arabinogalactan protein in the microspore culture medium. With this procedure, the transgenic frequency was improved 8- to10-fold over previous reports on bombardment of microspores. It yielded about one transgenic plant per Petri dish and is comparable with Agrobacterium frequencies on structures derived from microspores.

COMPARAISON ENTRE DES LIGNEES PEDIGREES ET DES LIGNEES HAPLOIDES DOUBLEES CHEZ L’ORGE (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE TURCOTTE ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
KEH MING HO
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Time Required

Pedigree and doubled haploid lines from seven crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were compared over 2 years. The lines were tested, in a randomized complete block design, in row plots at Ste-Foy in 1977 and in hill plots at Brawley, California in 1978. There are significant differences between the two methods of pure line production for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, resistance to lodging and date of maturity. Furthermore, these significant differences between doubled haploid and pedigree lines seem to be tied to wide crosses. After showing that doubled haploids are superior for resistance to lodging, we conclude that the use of doubled haploid lines must be seriously considered in a barley breeding program on the basis of improved selection efficiency and the short time required to get homozygous lines.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Ibrahim Alaraidh ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Hayssam Ali ◽  
Aisha Alayafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Western European ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) represents one of the most important cereals cultivated worldwide. Investigating genetic variability and structure of barley is important for enhancing the crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and structure of 40 barley genotypes originated from three European countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). It also aimed to study 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) effect on salinity tolerance of six barley genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) diverged from 0.126 to 0.501, with a mean of 0.348. Polymorphic information content (PIC) diverged from 0.103 to 0.482 across barley genotypes, with a mean of 0.316, indicating that barley genotypes are rich in a considerable level of genetic diversity. The 40 barley genotypes were further studied based on their geographical origin (Western Europe and Eastern Europe). The Eastern European region (Poland) has a higher barley variability than the Western European region (France and the Netherlands). Nei’s distance-based cluster tree divided the 40 barley accessions into two major clusters; one cluster comprised all the varieties originated from the Eastern European region, while the other major cluster included all accessions originated from the Western European region. Structure analysis results were in a complete concordance with our cluster analysis results. Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes have the highest diversity level, whereas Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes have the lowest level. The response of these six varieties to NaCl stress was also investigated. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) slightly decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid and osmolytes (proteins, soluble sugars, phenolics and flavonoids) in the leaves of Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes at non-significant level, as compared to control samples. However, pigment contents and osmolytes in leaves of Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes were significantly decreased by salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in Slaski 2 genotype, but non-significantly increased in Carmen by salt stress. Priming Slaski 2 and Carmen cultivars with ALA under salt stress significantly induced pigment contents, antioxidants enzymes activity and stress-responsive genes expression, relative to NaCl-stressed plants. In conclusion, this study suggested a correlation between variability percentage and degree of salinity resistance. ALA improved salt tolerance in barley.

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kranthi Kumar ◽  
N C Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Differential Methylation ◽  
Rdna Repeat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Parental Combination

Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

Application of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography for mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Kota ◽  
Markus Wolf ◽  
Wolfgang Michalek ◽  
Andreas Graner
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Recent advances in DNA sequence analysis and the establishment of high-throughput assays have provided the framework for large-scale discovery and analysis of DNA sequence variation. In this context, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are of particular interest. To initiate a systematic approach to develop an SNP map of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we have employed denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to analyse segregating SNP patterns in a doubled-haploid (DH) mapping population. To this end, SNPs between the parental genotypes were identified using a direct sequencing approach. Once a SNP was established between the parents, the optimal melting temperature of the PCR fragment containing the SNP was predicted for its analysis by DHPLC. Following the detection of the optimal temperature, the DH lines were analysed for the presence of either of the alleles. To test the utility of the analysis, data from previously mapped RFLP markers from which these SNPs were derived were compared. Results from these experiments indicate that DHPLC can be efficiently employed in analysing SNPs on a high-throughput scale.Key words: denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, doubled-haploid lines, restriction fragment length polymorphism, genetic mapping, molecular markers.

Influence of Fe concentration in the medium on multicellular pollen grains and haploid plants induced by mannitol pretreatment in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 228 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pulido ◽  
F. Bakos ◽  
A. Castillo ◽  
M. P. Vallés ◽  
B. Barnabás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Haploid Plants

Doubled haploid production by anther culture for Australian barley breeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
RA Smithard
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Time Of Year

Agarose-solidified media containing maltose and glutamine were used to produce double-haploid lines, by anther culture, from Australian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Three sets of F1 and two sets of F2 breeder's hybrids were used. Genotype differences were significant for the proportion of anthers responding, and the number of green and albino regenerants per 100 anthers plated. It was confirmed that the environmental conditions experienced by the donor plants (time of year, and field or glasshouse) had a large impact upon explant performance in culture. A minimum level of anther culture efficiency was achieved to allow a breeding program to produce all its inbred lines by this method. The procedure has the potential to save research costs, and deliver improved genotypes to the grower up to four years earlier than conventional methods.

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