scholarly journals Peroxidase antibody test for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis serology performance indexes and comparison with a fluorescent antibody test: Comparação com o desempenho da reação de imunofluorescência

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz J. Celeste ◽  
M. Carolina S. Guimarães ◽  
Edelma Maria Corrales L.
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Immunofluorescent Test

Performance indexes of the peroxidase antibody test were compared to that of the fluorescent antibody test. The peroxidase antibody test had a statistically higher sensitivity and negative predictive value and a higher efficiency than the fluorescent antibody test but its specificity and positive predictive value were within the 95% confidence limits for the values found for the fluorescent antibody test. Such differences did not change when Chagas' disease and visceral leishmaniasis sera were included in index calculations. Statistical analysis showed that the two tests have a substantial degree of agreement but the immunofluorescent test had a specificity index and a positive predictive value equal to 100.0% when Chagas' disease and visceral leishmaniasis sera were not included in the calculations of the performance index; in this instance, a positive test result equals a disclosure of the disease attribute due to the inexistence of false positive results. The enzyme/ protein ratio of the peroxidase conjugate, resulting in heavy or light-labeled conjugates may pose technical problems to its use in serology tests.

Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic test kit to the Gold Standard Fluorescent Antibody test for diagnosis of rabies in animals in Bhutan 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenzin Tenzin ◽  
Kelzang Lhamo ◽  
Purna B Rai ◽  
Dawa Tshering ◽  
Pema Jamtsho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Resource Poor

Abstract Background: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people in the world each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. In this study, a total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) relative to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response and enhancing rabies surveillance. Results: Among 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9 – 95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4 – 100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7 – 100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6 – 91.3), respectively. Overall, there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90 – 96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for rabies surveillance and confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions particularly controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Lílian D. Nascimento ◽  
Tuanne R. Abrantes ◽  
Eliame Mouta-confort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul R. Ribeiro ◽  
Manoel E. Silva ◽  
Sydnei M. Silva ◽  
Gustavo O. Fulgêncio ◽  
Hilda F.J. Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Antibody Titers

Uninfected dogs and those naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi exhibiting different clinical forms of disease were evaluated for the presence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Blood samples were collected from 110 mongrel dogs. Sera were tested using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and the animals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (n=60) were classified clinically. Out of the 110 sera investigated, 5 (4.5%) were positive for N. caninum (IFAT>50) and 36 (32.7%) for T. gondii (IFAT>16). Anti-L. chagasi antibody titers in asymptomatic dogs (n=10) were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in oligosymptomatic ones (n=22), which were in turn significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in symptomatic ones (n=28). No association between Leishmania and N. caninum infections was observed. Among dogs infected with L. chagasi, a tendency (P=0.053) towards an association between the infection with T. gondii and the appearance of VL symptoms was observed, suggesting that the clinical manifestation of VL in dogs may enhance their susceptibility to T. gondii. The possible influence of the immunosuppressive status of canine leishmaniasis in the different clinical forms of the disease is discussed.

scholarly journals Leishmania major-Like Antigen for Specific and Sensitive Serodiagnosis of Human and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela Barbosa-de-Deus ◽  
Marcos Luíz dos Mares-Guia ◽  
Adriane Zacarias Nunes ◽  
Kátia Morais Costa ◽  
Roberto Gonçalves Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

ABSTRACT An antigen (LMS) prepared from Leishmania major-like promastigotes was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of human and dog visceral leishmaniasis. The results were compared with those from the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). A total of 1,822 canine sera were tested, including sera from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, transmissible venereal tumors, ehrlichiosis, rickettsiosis, or Chagas' disease and sera from healthy dogs. The antigen was also tested with 227 samples of human sera, including sera from patients with visceral, cutaneous, or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and from noninfected individuals, as well as sera from patients with Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, rickettsiosis, hepatitis B, schistosomiasis, ascaridiasis, malaria, rheumatoid factor, leprosy and rheumatoid factor, tuberculosis, or leprosy. All dogs and all human patients had a clinical and/or serological and/or parasitological diagnosis. For detecting antibodies in sera from dogs with leishmaniasis, the antigen showed a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 95%, and concordance of 93% and when used for detecting antibodies in human sera presented a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 100%, and concordance of 92%. Comparison between ELISA and IFAT demonstrated that ELISA using the LMS antigen yielded more reliable results than IFAT. The LMS antigen displayed no cross-reactivity with sera from patients or dogs that had any of the other diseases tested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic test kit to the Gold Standard Fluorescent Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenzin Tenzin ◽  
Kelzang Lhamo ◽  
Purna B Rai ◽  
Dawa Tshering ◽  
Pema Gyamtsho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Resource Poor

Abstract Background Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people in the world each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. A total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the test sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response, prevalence of infection (rabies surveillance), freedom for infection and eradication of rabies. ResultsAmong 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9 – 95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4 – 100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7 – 100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6 – 91.3), respectively. Overall there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90 – 96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively.Conclusions Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions including early medical intervention in human exposure and controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings. Keywords: rabies virus; diagnostic test; fluorescent antibody test; rapid anigen test; rapid immunochromatographic test; Bhutan

scholarly journals Comparison of PCR, Culture, and Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Testing for Detection of Bordetella pertussis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2872-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Loeffelholz ◽  
Curt J. Thompson ◽  
Karla S. Long ◽  
Mary J. R. Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

We prospectively compared the performance of culture, direct fluorescent-antibody testing (DFA), and an in-house-developed PCR test targeting the repeated insertion sequence IS481 for the detection of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. We tested 319 consecutive paired specimens on which all three tests were performed. A total of 59 specimens were positive by one or more tests. Of these, 5 were positive by all three tests, 2 were positive by culture and PCR, 16 were positive by PCR and DFA, 28 were positive by PCR only, and 8 were positive by DFA only. Any specimen positive by culture was considered to be a true positive, as were specimens positive by both PCR and DFA. Specimens positive only by PCR or DFA were considered discrepant, and their status was resolved by review of patient histories. Patients with symptoms meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical case definition for pertussis and who had a specimen positive by PCR or DFA were considered to have true B. pertussis infections. Of the 28 patients positive by PCR only, 20 met the clinical case definition for pertussis, while 3 of the 8 patients positive by DFA only met the clinical case definition. After resolution of the status of discrepant specimens, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 15.2, 100, 100, and 87.5%, respectively, for culture; 93.5, 97.1, 84.3, and 98.9%, respectively, for PCR; and 52.2, 98.2, 82.8, and 92.4%, respectively, for DFA. The actual positive predictive value of PCR was probably greater, as several PCR-positive patients who did not meet the clinical case definition had symptoms consistent with typical or atypical pertussis. PCR is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of B. pertussis.

scholarly journals Comparison on the performance of Leishmania major-like and Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis as antigen for new world leishmaniasis IgG-immunofluorescence test

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Soares Guimarães ◽  
Beatriz J. Celeste ◽  
Edelma María Corrales L. ◽  
Carlos M.F. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunofluorescent Test ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Better Than

The performance of an antigen of L. major-like promastigotes for the serological diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the IgG-immunofluorescent test was compared to that of an antigen of L. braziliensis braziliensis. Each antigen was used to test two hundred and twenty-four sera of etiologies such as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, deep mycoses, toxoplasmosis, malaria, Chagas' disease, visceral leishmaniasis, anti-nuclear factor, schistosomaiasis, rheumatoid factor and normal controls. Agreement between responses to each antigen was high: 77.2% of leishmaniases sera agreed on a positive or a negative result to both antigens and 91.1 % of control sera. Cross reactivity was restricted to Chagas' disease sera, visceral leishmaniasis, anti-nuclear factor and paracoccidiodomycosis. The quantitative response of leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease sera to both antigens was evaluated by a linear regression; although the y-intercept and the slope were different for each antigen, neither was better than the other in the disclosure of anti-Leishmania antibodies. In the case of Chagas' disease sera the L. major-like antigen was better than L. b. braziliensis' to disclose cross-reacting antibodies.

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